Research Article
Analyzing the Impact of PESTLE Factors on World Vision Ethiopia's Operational Effectiveness and Strategic Marketing Decisions in Rural Development Programs
Teshome Bekele Nege*
,
Shimels Zewdie Werke
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
1-20
Received:
25 February 2025
Accepted:
1 April 2025
Published:
27 April 2025
Abstract: The impact of PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental) elements on World Vision Ethiopia's (WVE) strategic marketing choices and operational efficacy in its rural development programs is examined in this study. Given Ethiopia's complicated rural development environment, where issues including social dynamics, economic volatility, and political unpredictability impact program delivery, it is essential to comprehend how outside influences influence WVE's and other organizations' operational choices. In order to successfully fulfill the demands of rural communities, the study intends to investigate how PESTLE characteristics impact WVE's operations and strategic marketing approach. The study uses secondary data and a qualitative, exploratory research design. The data was obtained from global development databases, academic literature, government publications, and organizational reports. Through content and thematic analysis, the study categorizes PESTLE factors to identify patterns, trends, and interrelationships, providing insights into their collective impact and their interplays. The data analyzed covers a span of recent years (2020-2024), focusing on key trends and developments that have influenced WVE’s programs, from political changes, economic conditions to technological advancements and environmental shifts, legal and social influences. The findings indicate that political instability and economic challenges significantly hinder WVE’s program implementation and sustainability, while technological advancements have contributed to more efficient resource allocation and service delivery. Social and cultural factors, particularly community engagement and alignment with local values, have been crucial in shaping WVE’s marketing strategies. Environmental and legal factors also came to light as significant, with long-term strategy choices and operational procedures being shaped by environmental sustainability and regulatory developments. This study highlights the significant influence that PESTLE elements have on World Vision Ethiopia's strategic marketing choices and operational efficacy. According to the findings, the organization must have a thorough awareness of these external factors in order to improve operational efficiency and guarantee the success of its rural development initiatives. The study recommends that WVE continue to monitor these external influences closely and adapt its strategies to maintain relevance and impact in Ethiopia’s evolving development context. By analyzing these dimensions, the study underscores the importance of a holistic approach to strategic planning in rural development. This research contributes to the theoretical and practical understanding of how PESTLE factors collectively influence organizational outcomes, strategic marketing decisions, and their interplays, offering actionable insights for NGOs operating in similar contexts.
Abstract: The impact of PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental) elements on World Vision Ethiopia's (WVE) strategic marketing choices and operational efficacy in its rural development programs is examined in this study. Given Ethiopia's complicated rural development environment, where issues including social dynamics, ec...
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Review Article
The Challenges and Impacts of Pharmaceutical Waste Management in Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Addisu Shewaye*,
Gudina Terefe
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
21-32
Received:
27 February 2025
Accepted:
10 March 2025
Published:
29 April 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmfs.20251101.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Background: Pharmaceutical waste management is a critical environmental and public health concern, particularly in low-income countries (LICs). Inadequate disposal practices contribute to environmental contamination, antimicrobial resistance, and human health risks. Challenges such as weak regulatory frameworks, limited infrastructure, and lack of awareness exacerbate improper handling of pharmaceutical waste. Objectives This systematic review aims to evaluate the challenges associated with pharmaceutical waste management in LICs and assess its environmental and public health impacts. The study also seeks to identify best practices and policy recommendations for improving waste management systems. Study Eligibility Criteria: Studies published over the past above 20 years (1990–2025) that discuss pharmaceutical waste management challenges, environmental contamination, public health risks, and regulatory frameworks in LICs were included. The result of this review highlights major challenges, including inadequate waste segregation, poor infrastructure, weak regulatory enforcement, and financial constraints. Findings suggest significant environmental contamination, including pharmaceutical residues in water sources and soil, leading to ecological imbalances and antimicrobial resistance. The public health impacts include increased exposure to hazardous chemicals, poisoning risks, and the proliferation of drug-resistant pathogens. Conclusion: Pharmaceutical waste mismanagement in LICs poses severe environmental and public health risks. Strengthening regulatory frameworks, investing in sustainable disposal infrastructure, and enhancing public awareness are critical for mitigating these challenges. Further research and policy integration are needed to establish comprehensive waste management strategies.
Abstract: Background: Pharmaceutical waste management is a critical environmental and public health concern, particularly in low-income countries (LICs). Inadequate disposal practices contribute to environmental contamination, antimicrobial resistance, and human health risks. Challenges such as weak regulatory frameworks, limited infrastructure, and lack of ...
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