Research Article
Synthesis and Characterisation of Cyclodextrin/ Sudan Black-B Caped ZnO/ Nanocrystals
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, June 2025
Pages:
1-11
Received:
8 May 2025
Accepted:
22 May 2025
Published:
20 June 2025
Abstract: Sudan black-B/cyclodextrin/zinc oxide (SBB/CD/ZnO) nanoparticles are prepared and characterized by various spectral and microscopic methods. Nanoparticle size was measured by TEM-EDS and X-RD methods. The effect of different polarities of the solvents, α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), on SBB was studied by various spectral methods. The inclusion behavior of SBB on both CDs was determined by the PM3 method. The doping effect of SBB/CD on ZnO nano was investigated by UV-visible, fluorescence, FTIR, DTA, XRD, FE-SEM, and TEM methods. The azo SBB dye has been included within the cyclodextrin cavities to form a noncovalent SBB/CD assembly in aqueous solution. The presence of an isosbestic point suggests that a 1:1 inclusion complex is formed. The HOMO-LUMO gap for the SBB/β-CD inclusion complex was more negative, which supports that this complex is more stable than SBB/α-CD inclusion complex. The SBB/CD capped ZnO nanocrystals absorb strongly in the visible region (425-650 nm) and emit at 520 nm. SBB absorption noted at 587 nm is moved to 650 nm in SBB/CD/ZnO, indicating efficient resonance energy transfer (RET) from the ZnO nano to the included SBB dye. FTIR, XRD, and TGA peaks of SBB/CD are different from ZnO/SBB/CD. SEM and TEM images showed nanocrystals are formed in ZnO/SBB/β-CD.
Abstract: Sudan black-B/cyclodextrin/zinc oxide (SBB/CD/ZnO) nanoparticles are prepared and characterized by various spectral and microscopic methods. Nanoparticle size was measured by TEM-EDS and X-RD methods. The effect of different polarities of the solvents, α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), on SBB was studied by various spectral methods. ...
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Review Article
Targeted Advances in Lithium-ion Batteries: A Critical Review of Synergetic Improvements in Energy Density, Life Cycle, and Safety
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, June 2025
Pages:
12-30
Received:
7 August 2025
Accepted:
19 August 2025
Published:
11 September 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajqcms.20250901.12
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Abstract: Dependable and efficient energy storage systems are indispensable for modern sustainable energy applications. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), with their proven reliability and high energy density, have become the foundation of contemporary energy storage, powering applications ranging from portable electronics to electric vehicles (EVs) and grid-scale renewable energy systems. Critically, LIBs are increasingly vital for integrating variable renewable resources, such as solar and wind, into large-scale electrical grids. By enabling the efficient capture and on-demand discharge of electricity, they provide essential electricity and flexibility to modern sustainable power systems. Despite their dominance, challenges persist in terms of energy density, life cycle, and safety, which limit their full potential. Consequently, LIB technology remains paramount for realizing a cleaner, electrified future across several diverse sectors. This review systematically examines recent advancements in LIB technology, focusing on three critical performance metrics: (1) energy density, where innovations in high-capacity silicon anodes, nickel-rich cathodes, and solid-state electrolytes have pushed boundaries; (2) life cycle, addressing degradation mechanisms such as solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth and lithium-plating through advanced electrolytes and manufacturing techniques; and (3) safety, mitigating thermal runaway risks via ceramic-coated separators, flame-retardant additives, and robust battery management systems (BMS). Furthermore, the review highlights emerging technologies such as lithium-sulfur and solid-state batteries, which promise transformative gains. This review identifies significant gaps by synthesizing material innovations, failure mechanisms, and industry trends. It provides a road map for future research, emphasizing the need for sustainable materials, scalable manufacturing, and stringent safety protocols to meet the growing demands of next-generation energy storage.
Abstract: Dependable and efficient energy storage systems are indispensable for modern sustainable energy applications. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), with their proven reliability and high energy density, have become the foundation of contemporary energy storage, powering applications ranging from portable electronics to electric vehicles (EVs) and grid-scal...
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,
Ayyadurai Mani
