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Research Article
Physicochemical Characterization of Gasoline and Analysis of the Vulnerability and Criticality of Atmospheric Pollutants in N'Djamena
Haroun Ali Adannou*
,
Ndiassé Fall,
Ntamack Samuel,
Simon Ngos III
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
86-99
Received:
26 September 2024
Accepted:
15 October 2024
Published:
11 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajese.20240804.11
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Abstract: In this work we made an analysis for the physicochemical characterization of gasoline sold on the roadsides of the city of N'Djamena. For our first experience on the storage of gasoline in cans exposed to the sun, we noticed the formation of lumps and solid particles at the bottom of the cans. We then sampled a sample by district and subjected it to the analysis conditions. The analyses focused on Density at 15°C; ASTM distillation; Reid vapor pressure, Octane number; Determination of corrosion of copper blades as well as Determination of sulfur content. The results of the analyzed contraband gasolines are out of specifications under normal analysis conditions. Despite the many studies carried out on air pollution by particles, uncertainties remain. It is more or less complex to treat particulate pollution in urban areas, this is in fact due to the modifications resulting from different meteorological factors (wind, precipitation, etc.), topographical (slope, etc.) and urban morphological, which constitute limiting factors in the dispersion of these pollutants, thus, different maps have been studied according to the vulnerability and criticality of the accentuated situation relating to pollution throughout the city of N'Djamena. The results confirm the presence of particles that can affect human health. In addition to the presence of all the elements that we have been able to discover, there is on average the result of the presence of PM10 particles which is: 66.98016239 ug/m3 well above the WHO guideline which recommends 50 μg/m3/day as well as the daily average for PM2.5 which is: 56.83616723 ug/m3 well above the WHO guideline which recommends 25 μg/m3/day. The objective of this article is to clearly present the urgency of air pollution throughout the territory in order to take a binding decision on the current situation based on the proliferation and illicit sale of petroleum products in the city of N'Djamena, particularly gasoline.
Abstract: In this work we made an analysis for the physicochemical characterization of gasoline sold on the roadsides of the city of N'Djamena. For our first experience on the storage of gasoline in cans exposed to the sun, we noticed the formation of lumps and solid particles at the bottom of the cans. We then sampled a sample by district and subjected it t...
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Research Article
Spatial Assessment of Soil Erosion Risk Using RUSLE and GIS in Dhumuga Watershed, Ambo, Ethiopia
Diriba Megersa Soboka*,
Mekin Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
100-106
Received:
1 October 2024
Accepted:
4 November 2024
Published:
29 November 2024
Abstract: Soil erosion has become a critical problem leading to land degradation and environmental risks globally. To grasp the rates of soil loss and identify the main factors driving these issues, it is vital to examine the specific impacts of soil erosion across different locations. Therefore, between 2021 and 2023, a research initiative was undertaken to assess, rank, identify, and map sections of the watershed that are particularly susceptible to soil erosion. The RUSLE components for factors R, K, L, S, C, and P were integrated using the ArcGIS 10.4.1 spatial analyst's raster calculator tool to calculate and create maps that illustrate the risk and intensity of soil erosion in the Dhumuga watershed. The Dhumuga watershed was categorized into five groups based on average annual soil loss: 0–5 ton/ha-1 year-1 (very slight), 5–10 ton/ha-1 year-1 (slight), 10–20 ton/ha-1 year-1 (moderate), 20–50 ton/ha-1 year-1 (high), and > 50 ton/ha-1 year-1 (very high). The assessment of soil erosion severity was influenced by factors such as rainfall, soil type, DEM, land use, and land cover, employing the GIS-based RUSLE equation. The spatial risk of soil erosion was sorted into five categories based on severity, with 11.58% of the area categorized as very high risk (>50 ton ha-1 year-1), and 54.2% in the very low to low-risk category. On average, the watershed yielded an annual sediment production of up to 13.94 tons/ha/year, which is within an acceptable range. Considering these research findings, GIS-based analyses can be utilized to pinpoint areas at risk of soil erosion and identify vulnerable zones, offering crucial insights for future soil conservation and model enhancement.
Abstract: Soil erosion has become a critical problem leading to land degradation and environmental risks globally. To grasp the rates of soil loss and identify the main factors driving these issues, it is vital to examine the specific impacts of soil erosion across different locations. Therefore, between 2021 and 2023, a research initiative was undertaken to...
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Review Article
Exploring the Potential of Regenerative Agriculture for Climate Mitigation, Resource Efficiency and Sustainability
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
107-119
Received:
22 October 2024
Accepted:
28 November 2024
Published:
7 December 2024
Abstract: Regenerative Agriculture (RA) represents a significant approach toward sustainable and eco-friendly practices, provides environmental, economic, and social benefits. The objective of the review is to evaluate research trends and gaps, conduct a SWOT analysis, and explore the potential of regenerative agriculture in areas like energy conservation, food security, ecosystem services, soil health, circular agriculture, and climate-smart, resilient farming practices. This review emphasizes the holistic approach of Regenerative Agriculture, SWOT analysis reveals that RA offers significant benefits of environmental sustainability and several opportunities like carbon market and food security. Despite multiple benefits, bibliometric analysis showed that research on RA is limited, with a notable increase in publications only emerging in recent years. RA contributes to better sustainable practices compared to other agricultural systems. RA efforts to mitigate climate change by reducing the carbon footprint, enhancing climate adaptability, improving soil health, and providing ecosystem services. It also addresses challenges such as biodiversity loss, food waste, and food security. Furthermore, integrating RA presents economic and ecological opportunities, such as carbon credits and a circular economy. This approach increases resource efficiency, minimizes agricultural waste, and promotes nature-based solutions with potential for energy conservation and healthier ecosystems. Based on our findings, we recommend that research should focus on developing carbon credit schemes from RA, enhancing farmer’s awareness of RA's economic and environmental benefits, and modifying RA to improve on circular economy principles for sustainability.
Abstract: Regenerative Agriculture (RA) represents a significant approach toward sustainable and eco-friendly practices, provides environmental, economic, and social benefits. The objective of the review is to evaluate research trends and gaps, conduct a SWOT analysis, and explore the potential of regenerative agriculture in areas like energy conservation, f...
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Research Article
Modulated Ammonia Volatilization from Coated Nitrogen Fertilizer and Wheat Productivity on Phosphorus Amended Alkaline Soils Involving 15N Tracer Technique
Arooba Ashraf*,
Muhammad Akhtar,
Vicente Espinosa Hernandez,
Amjad Ejaz,
Wolfgang Wanek,
Muhammad Yaqub
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
120-137
Received:
1 October 2024
Accepted:
8 November 2024
Published:
9 December 2024
Abstract: The nitrogen (N) fertilizers are markedly lost as ammonia volatilization from alkaline soils and hence is deemed as major cause of lower N utilization by field crops. The current study explored possible measures to reduce N loss from applied fertilizer and enhance its availability to wheat crop grown on alkaline soil. The treatments involved Zinc-coated (1% Zn) urea [ZnU] and sole urea applied/incubated with soil at recommended rate (RR) and 80% RR after further coating with inhibitors [NBPT at 1% or ATC at 2% urea]. Compared to sole urea, ZnU showed lower N loss in laboratory environment; whereas in field trials on wheat crop, ZnU (at 80% of RR) along with NBPT produced similar wheat yield as produced by RR of sole urea application. Phosphorus application further enhanced wheat biomass (1.03 and 1.04 kg m-2) and grain yield (0.362 and 0.407 kg m-2) at half (23 kg ha-1) and full P rate (46 kg ha-1) as applied with ZnU, respectively. Whereas, the ZnU80 coated with NBPT produced highest NUE (62.8%) when applied with full P rate, followed by half P application rate (NUE=58.7%). Another collateral study proved the significance of P application (0, 15, 30 and 45 mg P kg-1) in improving NUE (15-20%) in wheat at similar N application as (15NH4)2SO4. Overall, the studies clearly suggest that appropriate N management reduces N losses, improves nutrient uptake and yield parameters of wheat crop grown on alkaline soil.
Abstract: The nitrogen (N) fertilizers are markedly lost as ammonia volatilization from alkaline soils and hence is deemed as major cause of lower N utilization by field crops. The current study explored possible measures to reduce N loss from applied fertilizer and enhance its availability to wheat crop grown on alkaline soil. The treatments involved Zinc-c...
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