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Cyberattacks as a Tool of Destructive Influence of Cyberterrorism
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
23-26
Received:
9 December 2021
Accepted:
4 January 2022
Published:
4 March 2022
Abstract: The article is devoted to the concept of "cyberterrorism", which originates in the recent past and it is derived from the broader general concept of "terrorism" and defines a global threat to information security. The article also explains how cyberterrorism interferes with the normal functioning of institutions and public authorities. Actually, based on all the above, it can be noted that cyberterrorism is a very complex and multifaceted phenomenon, which has a diverse structure, which complicates the development of methods to combat and prevent it. Modern society has yet to develop an effective system to counter and combat this information evil of today. Today, the issue of combating cyberterrorism remains open, because due to the novelty and incomplete understanding of the danger of the phenomenon, as well as the impossibility of developing a single definition, countries can not comprehensively protect themselves from cyberterrorist attacks. However, a number of issues remains open, including the lack of a legal single concept of "cyberterrorism" in most European countries and a system of clear mechanisms to combat cyberterrorism at the regional and national levels. Therefore, the urgency of this problem is very acute, as the latest technology allows terrorists to expand their activities. These issues require urgent solutions both domestically and globally. Effective international cooperation in the prevention and elimination of the consequences of cyber terrorism is essential.
Abstract: The article is devoted to the concept of "cyberterrorism", which originates in the recent past and it is derived from the broader general concept of "terrorism" and defines a global threat to information security. The article also explains how cyberterrorism interferes with the normal functioning of institutions and public authorities. Actually, ba...
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Assessing Corporate Entrepreneurship in Conglomerates in Nigeria
Jegede Charles Tope,
Irewole Oluwasefunmi Eunice,
Olatunji Ibrahim,
Jiboye Temitope
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
27-39
Received:
6 February 2022
Accepted:
1 March 2022
Published:
12 March 2022
Abstract: The Government in Nigeria has of recent years raised the awareness of Entrepreneurship practices through the introduction of different entrepreneurship programmes among all forms of corporations including the Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and conglomerates in the country; especially those manufacturing Corporations in the densely populated areas of the South western Nigeria. The Government has also raised entrepreneurship awareness among the citizenry by improving the accessibility to bank loans and also by including entrepreneurship courses in the curriculum of all post-secondary tertiary institutions in order to improve employability status of young graduates before they are recruited by the conglomerates. Unfortunately, mere observation of the Nigerian economy has not shown any improvement. Hence the need to assess the level of Entrepreneurial variables and Corporate Entrepreneurship (CE) in Conglomerates in South-western and Lagos industrial axes of Nigeria. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. The variables/elements of Corporate Entrepreneurship (CE) were categorized into innovation/invention, risk-taking, and proactiveness. Corporate entrepreneurship in this paper is measured by behaviour and characteristics of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the coalition group. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted in selecting the sample population. Subsequently, the data generated were analysed with appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that: Nigerian manufacturing industries were not highly entrepreneurial oriented. Though traces of innovations were observed, none for invention, Corporate Entrepreneurship (CE) practices among the top management team were dominated by men. This gender imbalance calls for further research in future; The paper discovered that poor infrastructural development repelled most industries away from industrial estates as most CEOs prefer outright purchase of private sites. This made advantages of economies of scale to elude them, especially in the areas of research resulting in poor CE activities. Also, not many of these industries were listed on Nigerian Securities Exchange (NSE), thereby limiting amount of public funds available for research activities in these companies, and lastly, the three key variables/elements/Dimensions (Invention/Innovation, Proactiveness and Risk-taking) of Corporate Entrepreneurship were identified as channels through which Corporate Entrepreneurship (CE) can be promoted in Nigeria.
Abstract: The Government in Nigeria has of recent years raised the awareness of Entrepreneurship practices through the introduction of different entrepreneurship programmes among all forms of corporations including the Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and conglomerates in the country; especially those manufacturing Corporations in the densely populated area...
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Review on the Progress of Treatment Methods of Heavy Metals in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash
Antem Esther Ako,
Hongzhi Ma
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
40-48
Received:
6 February 2022
Accepted:
15 March 2022
Published:
29 March 2022
Abstract: Municipal solid waste incineration is an important method of solid waste management, though this method reduces a great portion of the waste volume, it also produces fly ash which is rich in dioxins, heavy metals, soluble salts and other harmful substances that can be detrimental to the environment if not well treated. The disposal of incineration residues especially fly ash has been of great concern, due to the wide range of heavy metals and soluble salt which are harmful to the environment and groundwater This paper aims to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the different treatment techniques (land fill, chemical stabilization, acid extraction, cement solidification etc.,) of heavy metals in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash (MSWIFA) which have been used. Over the years scientist have experimented better ways to either eliminate, utilize or consolidate heavy metals in fly ash. Therefore, a systematic and structural review of both ancient and recent treatment methods of heavy metals in MSWIFA for different geographical locations is done following three principal criteria’s; (i) treatment efficiency, (ii) cost, and (iii) operability. The study depicts that the cement solidification method was mostly used because it is cheap and easy to operate, whereas vitrification method is expensive due to high energy consumption. On the other hand, methods such as; chemical stabilization, melting process, geopolymer and acid extraction are very costly. This review provides some guidance; on the selection of the best treatment methods of heavy metals in MSWIFA, useful for the application of a zero-waste concept which goes beyond traditional composting and recycling.
Abstract: Municipal solid waste incineration is an important method of solid waste management, though this method reduces a great portion of the waste volume, it also produces fly ash which is rich in dioxins, heavy metals, soluble salts and other harmful substances that can be detrimental to the environment if not well treated. The disposal of incineration ...
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Historical Context of the Treaties Between Genoa and the Golden Horde 1380 - 1381
Victor Mykolayovych Talakh
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
49-65
Received:
21 March 2022
Accepted:
12 April 2022
Published:
20 April 2022
Abstract: The year 1380 became one of the critical points in the history of Eastern Europe: the twenty-year civil war in the Ulus of Jochi ended, the Tatars suffered their first major defeat from Moscow in the Battle of Kulikovo, and a long-term system of political relations between Genoa and the Golden Horde developed in the Crimea. Each of these topics has a significant historiography. However, until today there is no comprehensive, systematic and holistic analysis of the relationship between these events. Even their mutual chronological sequence is not entirely clear. The causal relationships between them on the basis of the same sources are interpreted inconsistently, and in some cases - mutually exclusive. Important documents reflecting the political situation in the Ulus of Jochi at this turning point are two treaties signed by the Genoese consul of Kaffa and the Tatar governor of Solkhat in November 1380 and February 1381. This material analyzes political, legal, and economic provisions of the treaties of 1380–1381, the composition of the persons who participated in their signing, the circumstances of the concluding. Although the content of both documents is identical, and they differ only in the composition of the persons who signed them on the Horde’s side, the author believes that these are two independent acts. According to the author, both agreements were concluded on behalf of and in the interests of Toqtamïsh Khan. Wherein, based on numismatic data, the dating of the yarliq (jarlyg) to Bek Hajji and records in the Book of Caffan Massaria, the author is inclined to an early (before March 1380) dating of the establishment of Toqtamïsh Khan’ power in Crimea. The author is of the opinion that the existence of two agreements was in connection with a change of administration in Solkhat (although the details of this are unclear). He also considers N. Murzakevich’s assumption as highly probable in that the cession to the Genoese of Soldaia district and Crimean Gothia, stipulated by treaties, was a reward for the murder of Mamai which occurred perhaps between 28 November 1380 and 23 January 1381. The author offers three alternative scenarios for the development of events in the Crimea in autumn 1380 - early 1381 and propose further steps to establish the true one.
Abstract: The year 1380 became one of the critical points in the history of Eastern Europe: the twenty-year civil war in the Ulus of Jochi ended, the Tatars suffered their first major defeat from Moscow in the Battle of Kulikovo, and a long-term system of political relations between Genoa and the Golden Horde developed in the Crimea. Each of these topics has...
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An Unused Opportunity: The Activity of National Asset Managing Shared Company in Hungary
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
66-71
Received:
28 March 2022
Accepted:
14 April 2022
Published:
28 April 2022
Abstract: The main purpose of the paper was to analyse the effect of a specific governmental programme using the different statistical levels and hierarchical classes, to identify the main focus, of spending public sources (Home Protection Action Plan). The paper suggest, that the settlement hierarchical focus of National Asset Managing Shared Company (NET) turned to small and medium sized towns. The spatial focus of NET followed the economic and social crisis regions (on NUTS2 and 3 levels) quite well, these units concentrated a high number of bought flats/houses and high level of NET’s investments. The activity of NET in the late crisis period (2013-2015) played crucial role in stabilising the activity of housing markets in villages and small towns in the Eastern regions. The NET bought appr. 36.000 appartments, family houses and all these stock went under direct state ownership. The former owners used their flats s renters, with a highly reduced fee. This legal form offered an opportunity to began redirecting the very weak social rental housing sector in Hungary, which became marginal after the mass privatisation of flats in the 1990s. As we try to point out, this unique opportunity was missed by the national government, when after a few years of global fiscal crisis the dominant share of these flats were offered to rebuy by the former owners. This decision strengthen the ownership based housing regime in Hungary and make the housing affordability much difficult for the younger generation a poorer families.
Abstract: The main purpose of the paper was to analyse the effect of a specific governmental programme using the different statistical levels and hierarchical classes, to identify the main focus, of spending public sources (Home Protection Action Plan). The paper suggest, that the settlement hierarchical focus of National Asset Managing Shared Company (NET) ...
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Digital Experiment for Estimating Three Parameters and Their Confidence Intervals of Weibull Distribution
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
72-81
Received:
6 April 2022
Accepted:
22 April 2022
Published:
28 April 2022
Abstract: Weibull distribution plays a very important role in fatigue statistics, because structural fatigue life mostly conforms to Weibull distribution rather than Gaussian distribution. However, the biggest obstacle to the application of Weibull distribution is the complexity of Weibull distribution, especially the estimation of its three parameters is difficult, and it is even more difficult to determine the confidence interval of each parameter. In order to solve the first problem, many methods have been proposed, such as the graph method, the analytical method, and the Gao Zhentong method proposed by me recently using the characteristics of Python. So, the question arises which method is better? To this end, referring to the idea and methods of machine learning, the concept of digital experiment is introduced. The digital experiment is carried out to determine the three parameters and their confidence interval of Weibull distribution. Experiments show that the Gao Zhentong method is indeed a better method for estimating the three parameters of Weibull distribution. Further, the bootstrap method that can be used for a digital experiment is introduced, and it is used to determine the three parameters and their confidence intervals of Weibull distribution. The results show that the three parameters and their confidence intervals of Weibull distribution can basically be determined at the same time.
Abstract: Weibull distribution plays a very important role in fatigue statistics, because structural fatigue life mostly conforms to Weibull distribution rather than Gaussian distribution. However, the biggest obstacle to the application of Weibull distribution is the complexity of Weibull distribution, especially the estimation of its three parameters is di...
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