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GIS and Remote Sensing Based Spatiotemporal Analysis of Deforestation in Dati Wolel National Park, Western Ethiopia
Tekalign Ketema,
Getu Lemi,
Jarso Liban
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
1-8
Received:
9 December 2021
Accepted:
8 January 2022
Published:
15 January 2022
Abstract: Deforestation is extreme in tropical and subtropical regions in emerging economies. In Ethiopia, the rate of forest degradation has accelerated in recent years as a result of rising demand for agriculture, fuel wood, and charcoal, along with population growth. Excessive and destructive forest resource exploitation is currently a danger at Dati Wolel National Park. The overall objective of this study was to analyze the determinants and rate of spatiotemporal dynamics of deforestation in Dati Wolel National Park western Ethiopia through employing remote sensing and socioeconomic data. Three series of LANDSAT images (1987 TM, 2002 ETM+, and 2019 ETM+) which are obtained from USGS were used and supervised classification was done. Besides, Key informant interviews, observation, and focus group discussion were the data collection tools used in the study, and the data were analyzed by qualitative research approach. The result revealed that Agricultural land to be the most expanding land use type in the park. It increased from 9.6% (1987) to 18.6% (2019) at the rate of about 551.3 ha per year. The area covered by forest land, wetland, and water bodies has been reduced by the annual average rate of 733.5 ha, 50.2 ha, and 162.2 ha respectively. The issue of deforestation is inextricably tied to human activities, such as population pressure and socioeconomic reasons. So that, to overcome the problem of forest cover change and its implications, corrective actions should be implemented in both the short term and long term phases have been recommended.
Abstract: Deforestation is extreme in tropical and subtropical regions in emerging economies. In Ethiopia, the rate of forest degradation has accelerated in recent years as a result of rising demand for agriculture, fuel wood, and charcoal, along with population growth. Excessive and destructive forest resource exploitation is currently a danger at Dati Wole...
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Farmers Intuition on the Promotion of Large Scale Demonstration of Improved Teff Varieties in West Showa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
9-13
Received:
16 December 2021
Accepted:
6 January 2022
Published:
15 January 2022
Abstract: Teff is one of the most important cereal crops in Oromia region in general and in West Showa in particular. It serves as a source of both food and cash income. In order to achieve food security, a lot of attempts have been made by the government in Ethiopia over the last three decades to bring changes in agricultural production through pre scaling up of agricultural technologies among smallholder farmers. The objectives the study was to create smallholder farmer’s awareness and knowledge, enhancing implementation of full packages of teff production technologies, exploring the perceptions towards and share best practices, experiences, and lessons learned from the large-scale demonstration of teff varieties. The Large scale demonstration activity was carried out at Abuna Gindeberet and Gindeberet districts of West Showa zone Oromia region in six selected Kebeles. The sites were selected purposively based on the convenience of the area to the technologies, the potential area for teff production and accessibility for field monitoring and follow-ups. Finally in Abuna Gindeberet, 122 farmers were selected to implement the LSD on 52 ha of land and in Gindeberet district 73 farmers were selected with 40 ha of land for the cluster activity. The recommended amount of fertilizers applied at the recommended stage for the development of the plant. The overall agronomic practices have been implemented as per recommendation. From the LSD of improved teff varieties in both districts average, the higher yield 21.5 qts/ha were gotten from Dagim variety and 18.5 qts/ha yield of Quncho variety were obtained in production year 2019. Farmers raised that improved teff varieties are better high yielder than local ones, more early maturity, better in terms of disease resistance, not lodge than the local, the grain straw are very strong and have the traits of white in color with high performance which are high price difference during marketing than the local one. Therefore, awareness creations, popularizing improved seeds, facilitating credit availability are the important point to improve production and productivity of farmers in the study districts.
Abstract: Teff is one of the most important cereal crops in Oromia region in general and in West Showa in particular. It serves as a source of both food and cash income. In order to achieve food security, a lot of attempts have been made by the government in Ethiopia over the last three decades to bring changes in agricultural production through pre scaling ...
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Nutrient Content of Bamboo Shoots from Selected Species in Kenya
Violet Oriwo,
Norman Wairagu,
Nellie Oduor,
Jayaraman Durai
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
14-20
Received:
14 December 2021
Accepted:
11 January 2022
Published:
21 January 2022
Abstract: Information on nutrient composition of bamboo shoots is scanty despite being used as vegetables in some parts of Kenya. In this study, the nutrient content of shoots from selected exotic bamboo species (Dendrocalamus giganteus, Dendrocalamus membranaceus, Dendrocalamus asper, Oxytenanthera abyssinica and Bambusa vulgaris) growing in various agro-climatic regions in Kenya were determined. The study aimed at determining the nutritional potential of the bamboo shoots in order to evaluate their suitability for enhancing food and nutrition security. This will in turn enhance the value of bamboo for conservation, utilization, contribution to economic development and rural poverty reduction. Samples were analysed for proximate composition, minerals, vitamin, and calorific values using standard procedures. Moisture levels ranged from 89.9% to 92.1%. On dry weight basis, crude fibre ranged between 17.6% and 34.8%, protein 18.9% and 38.7%, ash 9.3% to 12.8%. On wet weight basis, vitamin C ranged between 2.03 to 4.17mg/100g, riboflavin 0.02mg/100g and 0.05/100g, niacin (B3) 0.19mg/100 and 0.08mg/100g. On wet weight basis Magnesium content ranged between 0.09mg/100g and 3.31mg/100g, Aluminium 28.27mg/100g and 47.34mg/100, Calcium 2.33mg/100g and 31.25mg/100, Iron 0.83mg/100g and 5.31mg/100, Copper 0.15/100 and 0.19mg/100g, Zinc 0.10mg/100g and 1.95mg/100, Sodium 4.49mg/100g and 9.51mg/100g and Potassium 1.77mg/100g and 236.73mg/100g. Calorific values on dry weight basis ranged from 393.99Kcal/100g to 464.86Kcal/100g. The findings on the nutritional content in terms of fibre, protein and minerals make bamboo shoots a potential meal for consideration in Kenyan households.
Abstract: Information on nutrient composition of bamboo shoots is scanty despite being used as vegetables in some parts of Kenya. In this study, the nutrient content of shoots from selected exotic bamboo species (Dendrocalamus giganteus, Dendrocalamus membranaceus, Dendrocalamus asper, Oxytenanthera abyssinica and Bambusa vulgaris) growing in various agro-cl...
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Effects of Spacing on Growth and Green Cob Yield of Maize Under Supplementary Irrigation in Eastern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
21-27
Received:
23 December 2021
Accepted:
14 January 2022
Published:
21 January 2022
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important grain crop of the world and it ranks second, after wheat in area cultivated and first in total production and productivity. In Ethiopia, maize has increasingly become a popular crop with steady growth in production area and yield. However, green cob maize production packages, including its appropriate spacing, are not yet determined. Evidences on effects of inter and intra-row spacing on growth and green cob yield of maize are not well explored. Therefore, this study was conducted at 9° 26' N latitude and 42° 03' E longitude, at an altitude of 1980 m a. s. l), Ethiopia from October 2020 to January 2021 to determine the effects of inter and intra-row spacing on growth, green cob number and biomass yield of maize (melkesa-II maize variety) under supplementary irrigation. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with factorial combination of four inter-row (55 cm, 65 cm, 75 cm, and 85 cm) spacing and three intra-row spacing (20 cm, 25 cm and 30 cm) with three replications. Data were collected on growth, green cob number and biomass yield and analyzed using SAS, (2002). The experiment result revealed that leaf area index, number of cobs per plant, cob length, number of cobs harvested per hectare and above ground fresh biomass yield and their interactions were highly significantly (P<0.01) affected by inter and intra-row spacing while cob diameter was significantly (P<0.05) affected by inter and intra-row spacing. The highest cob number harvested (90313 ha-1) was recorded at narrowest inter and intra-row spacing of 55 cm x 20 cm while the lowest cob number harvested p (45098 ha-1) was recorded from at widest inter and intra-row spacing of 85 cm x 30 cm (Table 8). Similarly, the highest fresh biomass yield of 31.27 and 28.66 ton ha-1 was obtained at 55 cm and 65 cm inter-row spacing respectively. In general, significantly higher number of marketable green cobs and above ground fresh biomass yield were obtained at closer inter-and intra-row spacing for melkesa-II maize variety tested in the study area. Therefore, it can be concluded that spacing combination of 55 cm x 20 cm favored attaining of higher green cob number and above ground fresh biomass yield of melkesa-II maize variety in the area under irrigation.
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important grain crop of the world and it ranks second, after wheat in area cultivated and first in total production and productivity. In Ethiopia, maize has increasingly become a popular crop with steady growth in production area and yield. However, green cob maize production packages, including its appropriate spacing, ar...
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Supplemental Nitrate Composition of Ca and Mg Liquid Fertilizer Application on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to Increase Tuber Yield in Tiyo District of Arsi, Ethiopia
Mengistu Chemeda,
Gobana Negasa,
Dugasa Gerenfes,
Kasu Tadesse,
Anbessie Debebe
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
28-32
Received:
13 December 2021
Accepted:
14 January 2022
Published:
25 January 2022
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted at Kulumsa station of Tiyo district, southeastern Ethiopia in 2017 and 2018 off-season, to test the effect of fertilizer products on yield and yield components of potato and to evaluate the possibility of incorporating the products into input system for agricultural production. The treatment set up were 1) No input (negative control), 2) recommended rate of fertilizer (RNP) (111, 39 and 16.5 Kg ha-1 N. P and S, respectively) from NPS and Urea, 3) RNP + 1.8 L ha-1 LF; 4) RNP + 3 L ha-1 LF, and 5) RNP + 4.2 L ha-1 LF on growth performance and yield. The results showed that treatment effects were significant for potato total and marketable tuber yields. Since the effect of fertilizers on the yield of potato was consistent across seasons in Kulumsa station, combined analysis has been conducted. The highest total (46.1 t ha-1) and marketable (42.2 t ha-1) tuber yields were recorded with the application of recommended fertilizer (RNP) + 1.8 L ha-1 LF and (RNP) + 3L ha-1 LF. This treatment was even statistically superior to application of RNP alone. Compared to the control and RNP treatments, application of inorganic fertilizers with 1.8 L ha-1 LF gave 23.4 and 14.1% more total tuber yield of potato, respectively. Similarly, RNP + 3.0L ha-1 LF gave 20.9 and 13.7 % more marketable tuber yield of potato over the control and recommended fertilizer from inorganic sources (NPS and urea) treatments, respectively. The result further showed that application of 1.8 L ha-1 LF with RNP fertilizer gave total and marketable potato tuber yields which is statistically at par with yields obtained from NPS plus 3.0 L ha-1 LF. The lowest total (35.3 t ha-1) and marketable (33.4 t ha-1) tuber yields of potato were harvested from the plots that received neither inorganic nor fertilizers. Therefore, integrated application of liquid fertilizer along with full dose of inorganic fertilizers has been recommended for increased productivity of potato in the south-eastern highlands of Ethiopia.
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted at Kulumsa station of Tiyo district, southeastern Ethiopia in 2017 and 2018 off-season, to test the effect of fertilizer products on yield and yield components of potato and to evaluate the possibility of incorporating the products into input system for agricultural production. The treatment set up were 1) No input ...
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Termites Distribution and Diversity in Different Land Uses in Mozambique: Implications for Management
Nhiuane Osorio Eufrasio Jose,
Cumbula Sergio,
Tetine Belincia,
Sidumo Ivete,
Buene Cesaltina,
Mondlane Marcela,
Chirinzane-Manhica Cacilda,
Rombe Bandeira Romana
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
33-44
Received:
17 December 2021
Accepted:
12 January 2022
Published:
9 February 2022
Abstract: Termites play an important ecological role in ecosystems, mainly as decomposers. However, some species under certain conditions may become pests, causing damage in forests and cultivated fields. Termites are associated with native forests, forest plantations and croplands. Despite this, information regarding taxonomy, management, economic and ecological termite impacts for these land uses categories is not widely known. This study aimed to assess termite’s distribution, incidence, damage, diversity, and affinity in different land use categories. In circular 0.28ha plots in native vegetation and croplands and 1ha rectangular plots in forest plantations, termites capture was performed and, tree infestation assessed by visual inspection. Plot allocation was random-stratified by land use category. Twenty-one termite species, from nine genera and two families (Termitidae and Rhinotermitidae) were found. Of these species, fourteen, thirteen, ten and nine were respectively associated with miombo woodlands, fallow, cultivated areas and forest plantations, suggesting that species richness decreases with increasing habitat disturbance. Termite incidence is highest in plantation forests, followed by native woodlands, fallow and croplands. In forests, fallow areas, and croplands, damage severity was low, while in forest plantations it ranged from low to moderate. These results suggest that in miombo woodlands, fallow areas, and croplands, termite incidence does not necessarily imply economic damage. Economic losses in Eucalyptus plantations reach up to US$ 542.13/ha, reducing with increased plantation age, reaching 1.77 m3/ha in plantations two years old or less, and 0.73 m3/ha in 6-year age plantations. Efforts to combat termites are needed at early plantation stages.
Abstract: Termites play an important ecological role in ecosystems, mainly as decomposers. However, some species under certain conditions may become pests, causing damage in forests and cultivated fields. Termites are associated with native forests, forest plantations and croplands. Despite this, information regarding taxonomy, management, economic and ecolo...
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