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Life Cycle Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Shelterbelt Seedling Production and Transportation in Saskatchewan, Canada
Lindsey Rudd,
Ken Belcher,
Suren Kulshreshtha,
Colin Laroque,
Murray Bentham
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
85-93
Received:
4 April 2022
Accepted:
19 April 2022
Published:
7 May 2022
Abstract: Shelterbelts on Saskatchewan (SK) farms are rows of tree and shrub species established around farmyards and livestock enclosures and within crop fields to serve various roles, including protection against wind and water damage to crops and farm infrastructure, soil erosion and moisture loss. Shelterbelts also can contribute to environmental benefits, most important of which is mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which has been identified as an important climate change mitigation strategy. In the overall strategy of mitigation of GHGs, there is a need for quantifying emissions of these gases in various mitigation operations, including plating of shelterbelts on farms. In order for a farm to plant a shelterbelt, a seedling has to be produced. This information is not currently available and therefore, was selected as the focus of the study. This research developed a life-cycle assessment of production and transportation of shelterbelt seedlings. It provides details on the processes and emissions of the production and transportation stages in the generation of tree seedlings used to establish a one kilometer long farm shelterbelt. The production and transportation stages for 1,000 shrub shelterbelt seedlings was estimated to generate 2,200 kg of carbon dioxide emissions regardless of species. During these stages of the shelterbelt life-cycle, the primary sources of GHG emissions were energy use for heating and for lighting during seedling growth while transportation of seedlings from the point of production to point of use represented a significantly smaller proportion of overall emissions.
Abstract: Shelterbelts on Saskatchewan (SK) farms are rows of tree and shrub species established around farmyards and livestock enclosures and within crop fields to serve various roles, including protection against wind and water damage to crops and farm infrastructure, soil erosion and moisture loss. Shelterbelts also can contribute to environmental benefit...
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Biotechnological Evaluation of Bee Ethology During Honey Collection and Probiotic Properties of Honey
Postoienko Volodymyr,
Bezpalyi Ivan,
Postoienko Hanna
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
94-99
Received:
23 January 2022
Accepted:
13 February 2022
Published:
19 May 2022
Abstract: The influence of biotechnological factors, such as purebred families and honey base on the ethology of bees in the process of nectar collection and the species composition of the association of probiotic cultures in freshly pumped honey to bees was found out. The research was conducted using Ukrainian steppe bees. The following most typical external features of their breed, namely the length of the proboscis from 6.34 to 6.44 mm, cubital index in the range of 2.17 ± 0.04 - 2.61 ± 0.05, discoidal displacement 76 - 100 %, the shape of the edge of the wax mirror 68 - 96% of convex cases. The species composition of honey plants in typical conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine, their contribution to the general honey harvest during the whole beekeeping season and the formation of antibacterial defense mechanism of bees based on the association of probiotic cultures in their intestines and freshly pumped honey are analyzed. Data on differentiation of selected cultures from bee honey by cultural-morphological and biochemical properties are given. Probiotic cultures were identified by cultivation on differential media. Thus, cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium bifidum were accumulated on MRS medium (solid and liquid), and Enterococcus faecium was accumulated on tryptone soy medium. It is shown that the quantitative characteristics of honey accumulation in the bee nest depend on a number of biotechnological factors. The main indicators that affect the ethology of bees when collecting nectar are purebred and species composition of the honey base. The results of the research serve as a basis for further studies of the ethology of the Ukrainian steppe breed of bees during honey collection, its popularization and use in large apiaries (100 and more families) according to the breed zoning plan in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine and for the development of new antibacterial, specific for bees, organic products based on probiotic cultures, isolated from honey.
Abstract: The influence of biotechnological factors, such as purebred families and honey base on the ethology of bees in the process of nectar collection and the species composition of the association of probiotic cultures in freshly pumped honey to bees was found out. The research was conducted using Ukrainian steppe bees. The following most typical externa...
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Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Native to Senegal on the Growth and Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Grown Under Glass in Central African Republic
Elian Hubert Dieu-Béni,
Djamndo Djasbé Mathurin,
Goudi-Denango Eric Borgio,
Ngbika Daniel,
Ngonda Cesar,
Mounga Dayangou Princia Laurelle
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
100-106
Received:
4 February 2022
Accepted:
23 February 2022
Published:
8 June 2022
Abstract: In the natural environment, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), like any other crop, is subject to biotic and abiotic stresses. The presence of symbiotic microorganisms in the soil is often beneficial to the crop. Among these, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are particularly effective in stimulating plant growth and it has been well shown that their inoculation into the soil is one of the biological means by which the crop can resist certain stresses and increase productivity. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the comparative effect of mycorrhizal inoculation with strains indigenous to Senegal on the growth and yield of sesame grown under controlled conditions. In this study, sesame was grown under greenhouse conditions and inoculated with four AMF inocula. Growth and yield parameters were evaluated at 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 days after sowing. Above-ground, root and total biomass were assessed at 70 days after sowing. The results show an improvement in height by 78.34%, crown diameter by 78.34%, above-ground biomass by 54.83%, root biomass by 54.16% and total biomass by 54.65% compared to the non-inoculated control. Regarding the number of leaves, the difference observed with the control treatment was not significant (P = 0.0005). The frequency and intensity of mycorhization are quite high. Statistical analyses show significant differences (P < 0.05) between the different treatments. It is noted that the roots of the controls are not mycorhized. Similarly, the yield of the inoculated sesame plants resulted in a better improvement in the number of pods (131.25%), average number of seeds per pod (137.03%), seed yield (448.14%) and 1000 seed weight was not improved (0%). From this study, it appears that AMF provide significant benefits to the plant, and can be used in the field to improve sesame growth and yield.
Abstract: In the natural environment, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), like any other crop, is subject to biotic and abiotic stresses. The presence of symbiotic microorganisms in the soil is often beneficial to the crop. Among these, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are particularly effective in stimulating plant growth and it has been well shown that their in...
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Physical and Chemical Properties of Various Products of Composting Process on Palm Oil Middle Waste
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
107-110
Received:
25 May 2022
Accepted:
8 June 2022
Published:
14 June 2022
Abstract: Many oil palm plantation produce organic waster. The processing of soild organic waste such as oil palm plants is by composting, because the process is quite easy and the cost is relatively cheap. Determine the decomposition rate of the oil palm midrib by using tipes of bioactivator. Different types of bioactivator affect on the rate of decomposition in the midrib of oil palm plants. The purpose of the study was to determine the physical and chemical properties of oil palm fronds in various composting processes. The research was carried out from April to June 2019 in the Soil Science laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, Samarinda. Descriptive research consisted of five types of composting treatment and each treatment was repeated five times, namely: oil palm midrib compost (p0), oil palm midrib compost with vegetable waste bioactivator (p1), oil palm midrib compost with golden snail bioactivator (p2), oil palm midrib compost with pineapple bioactivator (p3) and oil palm midrib compost with EM-4. The research implementation activities are as follows: (1) collection of materials used, (2) manufacture of activator, (3) manufacture of compost, (4) analysis of several physical and chemical properties of various composting treatments in the laboratory. The results showed that: (1) oil palm fronds required composting time of 4 weeks; and (2) the results of composting oil palm fronds waste with a bioactivator (golden snail or pineapple) and composting with EM-4 are better than ordinary composting and composting with vegetable waste bioactivator.
Abstract: Many oil palm plantation produce organic waster. The processing of soild organic waste such as oil palm plants is by composting, because the process is quite easy and the cost is relatively cheap. Determine the decomposition rate of the oil palm midrib by using tipes of bioactivator. Different types of bioactivator affect on the rate of decompositi...
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Industrial Propagation of Chukrasia Tabularis A. Fuss by Bioreactor Technique
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
111-117
Received:
23 May 2022
Accepted:
9 June 2022
Published:
20 June 2022
Abstract: Background: Chukrasia Tabularis A. Fuss is a valuable woody plant and difficult in reproduction in nature. Objectives: There are a needs to conserve and develop for re-forest. Method: Manipulation of tissue culture via bioreactor techniques was the effective new way to resolve re-forest. Stems and leaves of in vitro plantlets were used as planting materials. Somatic embryo callus was initiated on medium MS + BA (2mg/l) + PVP (500 mg/l) supplemented with 2,4D (2mg/l). Somatic cell suspension was cultured for initiation and for proliferation. On medium MS + 2,4D (2mg/l) supplemented with BA (1mg/l). The volume of somatic cell suspension for bioreactor cultivation was 20%. Somatic embryo suspension was cultured in bioreactor for initiation and proliferation on the medium MS + 2,4D (2mg/l) supplemented with BA (1mg/l). Embryogenic suspension was stimulated on the medium MS + 2,4D (1mg/l) + CW (10%) + sucrose (45g/l) supplemented with BA (0.5mg/l) + NAA (0.1mg/l). In vitro shoots of Chukrasia Tabularis a. Fuss were regeneration on the medium MS + 2,4D (1mg/l) + CW (10%) + sucrose (45g/l) supplemented with TDZ (0,5mg/l). Plantlets were enhanced growth and development in immersion-bioreactor cultivation by sinking/rising floated 1min/4hrs. Temperature, light intensity and stirring in stirring-bioreactor cultivation were favored at 26±2°C, 11,1-22,2μmol/m2/s, and 30rpm. Results: Micropropagation of Chukrasia Tabularis a. Fuss by bioreactor technique was set up to produce 4,680 plantlets per one liter of somatic embryogenesis suspension Conclusion: a process of rapid industrial multiplication of woody plants by bioreactor technology has been built.
Abstract: Background: Chukrasia Tabularis A. Fuss is a valuable woody plant and difficult in reproduction in nature. Objectives: There are a needs to conserve and develop for re-forest. Method: Manipulation of tissue culture via bioreactor techniques was the effective new way to resolve re-forest. Stems and leaves of in vitro plantlets were used as planting ...
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Study of the Effectiveness of Using Aqueous Extract of Coleus Neochilus Plants in Controlling Varroa Parasite (Varroa Destructor Oud.) on Honey Bees
Gamal Abdu Ahmed Al-sharabi,
Osman Nasser Al-galal
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
118-122
Received:
25 May 2022
Accepted:
10 June 2022
Published:
27 June 2022
Abstract: Due to the great interest in raising honey bees and their various products in most countries of the world recently, due to their great importance in various agricultural, food, therapeutic, and economic fields, but due to the spread of many honey bee pests, especially the Varroa parasite, which led to the death of huge numbers of bee colonies. Therefore, the research aimed to test the efficiency of the aqueous extract of Coleus neochilus in controlling Varroa destructor instead of using chemicals that pollute the contents of the beehive with chemical toxins that affect humans and the environment in addition to Varroa gaining immunity as a result of the repeated use of these materials Where the experiment was conducted in a private apiary in the isolate of a baker in Nuba village, Al-Odin District, Ibb Governorate, Yemen, on bee colonies of the local strain Apis mellifera Jamentica during the period from December 18 to 27, 2020, on standard beehives (Langstroth) with bee colonies of medium strength and to approximately equal degrees (Bee covering about 5 tablets) where three treatments were used 1- Coleus neochilus extract 5%, 2- Distilled water with 5% sugar added, 3- Untreated as a control) Sprayed beehives at a rate of 5 sprays on the tires of each cell of the first treatment, while the second treatment sprayed “factory witness” with distilled water with 5% sugar added, and left the third treatment “untreated witness”, the first readings were taken after an hour and the other readings after one day From the treatment for 5 consecutive days, the experiment was conducted between 2 pm and 4 pm to ensure the workers return from the field, The extract of C. neochilus 5% was significantly superior to Varroa destructor by 84.51% in comparison with distilled water added 5% sugar and untreated control with a percentage of 18.40% and 4.50%, respectively, at p < 0.05. The average varroa shedding after an hour compared to the total shedding after a day when using 5% C. neochilus extract was about 32.29%, while it was in the control treated with distilled water and sugar 10.33%, significantly superior at p < 0.01. The results also indicate that the average percentage of Varroa precipitation after and before treatment when using 5% C. neochilus plant extract was 33.04 weakness, significantly superior in comparison with the treatment of distilled water added 5% sugar and the untreated control, which amounted to 10.14 and 4.62 weakness, respectively, at the p < 0.01.
Abstract: Due to the great interest in raising honey bees and their various products in most countries of the world recently, due to their great importance in various agricultural, food, therapeutic, and economic fields, but due to the spread of many honey bee pests, especially the Varroa parasite, which led to the death of huge numbers of bee colonies. Ther...
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