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Clinical Data on Acute Kidney Injury Caused by Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning
Hu Feng,
Wujian Peng,
Chen Jie,
Du Han,
Zhang He,
Jianrong Huang,
Xiaona Shi,
Hanhan Kong,
Guixia Li
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
135-141
Received:
23 February 2021
Accepted:
12 March 2021
Published:
10 September 2021
Abstract: Background: Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widely used in China and some developed countries because they are powerful pesticides with minimal damage to crops. However, OPs are highly toxic, especially to the human lungs, heart, brain, kidneys. Research on the pathogenesis and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by OP poisoning is limited, Researches which tend to have small sample sizes and are commonly case reports. Objective: This study aims to investigate the pathogenesis and risk factors of AKI caused by acute organophosphorus poisoning syndrome (AOPP), in order to enable the adoption of early and reasonable treatment methods, to improve the prognosis of patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on the laboratory findings of 275 patients with acute OP poisoningl from January 2009 to June 2016. (1) The 275 patients with acute OP poisoning were grouped according to the presence or absence of AKI, and testing was performed for statistical differences in the relevant clinical indicators between the two groups. (2) Univariate analysis was performed to compare the differences in these indicators between the two groups, and indicators with statistically significant differences included in logistic regression and other methods to analyze the risk factors affecting AKI. Results: Among the 275 patients with acute OP poisoning, 92 (33.5%) had AKI. The cure rate of the AKI group was 69.6% and case fatality rate was 1.1% (1/92); the cure rate of the non-AKI group was 73.8% (135/183) and the case fatality rate was 0.5% (1/135); the difference in mortality rate between the two groups was not statistically significant (Z=0.94, P=0.34). Comparison of general information and clinical characteristics revealed that only the mean C-reactive protein (CRP) and SCr levels differed significantly between the two groups (Z=6.55, P<0.001; t'=-3.14, P=0.002). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the time of poisoning, time to blood purification therapy and CRP level were factors influencing the onset of AKI. The relationship between CRP level and logitP(AKI=1) was non-linear, and so no interpretation was made on the OR size. Conclusion: 1. The rate of AKI about acute OP poisoning is 54.4%, Both glomeruli and tubules were involved. 2. The prognosis of patients with AKI is relatively poor. 3. The risk factors influencing AKI caused acute OP poisoning may be related to prolonged time of poisoning, prolonged time to blood purification therapy and high CRP level.
Abstract: Background: Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widely used in China and some developed countries because they are powerful pesticides with minimal damage to crops. However, OPs are highly toxic, especially to the human lungs, heart, brain, kidneys. Research on the pathogenesis and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by OP poisoning ...
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A Novel Approach to Treatment of Pinguecula Using Atmospheric Low-temperature Plasma: A Clinical Case Series
Farhad Nejat,
Khosrow Jadidi,
Mohammad Amin Nejat,
Nazanin-Sadat Nabavi,
Seyede-Yasamin Adnani,
Shima Eghtedari
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
142-146
Received:
26 August 2021
Accepted:
13 September 2021
Published:
30 September 2021
Abstract: Background: In recent years plasma medicine, played an important role in treating several ocular surface disorders. This study will introduce atmospheric low-temperature plasma (ALTP) for removing the pinguecula. Methods: In the clinical case series, five eyes of five patients (2 patients OD, 3 patients OS) with pinguecula were included. The pinguecula removed and completely healed, using the white handpiece of the plasma generator device (Plexr, GMV s.r.l Grottaferrata, Italy). Refraction parameters, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (BDVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), contrast sensitivity (CS) and dry eye tests including, tear meniscus height (TMH) and tear breakup time (TBUT) were measured before, one month and six months after treatment for all patients. Results: The median size of the pinguecula was 3.5 mm (ranged from 2.5 to 4.5 mm). In all patients, the pinguecula was completely sublimated and after six months of follow-up, no evidence of recurrence was observed. In addition, the patient follow-up did not reveal any considerable complications during or 6 months after the surgery. Conclusion: Overall, the current study showed that, plasma assisted noninvasive surgery (PANIS method) is a simple, office-based, minimally invasive, effective approach to treat pinguecula with no considerable complications but it is noteworthy that, study with higher sample size like clinical trial is needed.
Abstract: Background: In recent years plasma medicine, played an important role in treating several ocular surface disorders. This study will introduce atmospheric low-temperature plasma (ALTP) for removing the pinguecula. Methods: In the clinical case series, five eyes of five patients (2 patients OD, 3 patients OS) with pinguecula were included. The pingue...
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Infection in the Post-Caesarean Section Surgical Wound in the Obstetric Gynecology Service
Katiuska Cecilia Garcia Mariño,
Lourdes Margarita Exposito Boue,
Luis Antonio Gan Fong,
Edith Mercedes Arias Alvarez
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
147-150
Received:
19 April 2021
Accepted:
25 May 2021
Published:
5 October 2021
Abstract: Surgical resolution of obstetric events through cesarean section represents one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide and at the same time it has contributed to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality. However, it hasincreased the potential risks of the surgical site infections due to the colonization of microorganism. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conductedin the Gen eral Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto" from June 2016 to June 2017 to characterize from epidemiology and microbiology point of view 38 patients who suffered from surgical site infections after undergoing a caesarean section. Wound swabsfor bacteriology cultures were collected from patients, resulting all of the specimens positive. The variables to be studied were age, risk factors, nature of the surgery, isolated microorganisms and patterns of antimicrobial resistance. The statistical data were analyzed using the Stadistics Program for Social Sciencs version 11.5 and they were summarized with the absolute frequencies and the percentage in two-dimensional tables. Post partum women from 21 to 26 years old who had anemia as a risk factor and who had undergone emergency cesarean sections predominated. The most common isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. A clear multi-resistance to antimicrobials was obtained. It was concluded that modifiable, avoidable and controllable risk factors as well as the identification of bacterium with patterns of multi-resistance to antimicrobials must be under strict and permanent epidemiology and microbiology surveillance.
Abstract: Surgical resolution of obstetric events through cesarean section represents one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide and at the same time it has contributed to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality. However, it hasincreased the potential risks of the surgical site infections due to the colonization of microorganism. A desc...
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Process Study on Surface Modification of Coral Hydroxyapatite
Chang Jiahe,
Su Jun,
Zhang Wenyun
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
151-156
Received:
9 September 2021
Accepted:
4 October 2021
Published:
12 October 2021
Abstract: Objective: To explore process of modifying coral hydroxyapatite by nmZnO under different conditions, the final plan is to develop a porous artificial bone composite that combines the antibacterial properties of nano zinc oxide with the porous biodegradability of coral hydroxyapatite. Methods: Coral hydroxyapatite was modified by zinc nitrate sol-gel method at 70°C in weak acid environment. White granular porous composite materials were obtained by ultrasonic, rotary stirring, drying and calcination. The composition of the composite material is analyzed using X-ray diffractomer (XRD), using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe and analyze changes in the surface appearance of composite materials, using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to observe and analyze the composition of the composite surface, the results of thermogravimetric analysis were used to study the decomposition temperature and other characteristics of the composite. Results: The sol-gel method can be used for antibacterial modification on CHA surface. When the mass ratio of coral hydroxyapatite, zinc nitrate and PEG-6000 is 48:4:5, the particle size and distribution of nano-zinc oxide particles are ideal, and uniformly distributed spherical ZnO nanoparticles can be observed under scanning electron microscopy. Conclusion: Coral hydroxyapatite surface could be modified by zinc nitrate sol-gel method. The particle size of nano zinc oxide is less than 100 nanometers. The agglomeration problem of nano-particles is solved; the porous structure of CHA are not destroyed.
Abstract: Objective: To explore process of modifying coral hydroxyapatite by nmZnO under different conditions, the final plan is to develop a porous artificial bone composite that combines the antibacterial properties of nano zinc oxide with the porous biodegradability of coral hydroxyapatite. Methods: Coral hydroxyapatite was modified by zinc nitrate sol-ge...
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Neuronal Hyperexcitability: Significance, Cause, and Diversity of Clinical Expression
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
157-167
Received:
8 September 2021
Accepted:
30 September 2021
Published:
15 October 2021
Abstract: Although the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders remains unclear, an emerging hypothesis contends that most of the common psychiatric disorders are rooted in an inherent hyperexcitability of the neurological system. Particularly under the influence of stress, too many neurons fire for too long, resulting in pathologically severe and persistent symptoms such as anxiety, depression, irritability, insomnia, inattention, and obsessional thinking. However, these symptoms are just a small sampling of the many ways that neuronal hyperexcitability can be expressed. According to the Multi-Circuit Neuronal (MCNH) Hypothesis of Psychiatric Disorders, the trait can also be expressed as overly aggressive behavior, disruptive behavior, risky behavior, promiscuous behavior, avoidant behavior, self-injurious behavior, deviant behavior, addictive behavior, and criminal behavior. In essence, any behavioral extreme is likely to be rooted in an inherent hyperexcitability of the neurological system. The importance of recognizing this is that the abnormality, though highly treatable, is commonly overlooked and either mismanaged or poorly managed. Also, there is emerging evidence that the neuronal hyperexcitability trait, which appears to be heritable as a single nucleotide polymorphism, may be detectable by simply measuring one’s resting vital signs. If proven to be correct, these findings could incentivize carriers to develop prophylactic strategies early in life. The importance of this is immense, not only because it could reduce the risk of developing psychiatric and substance use disorders but also because it could have a protective effect against developing any of a wide range of general medical conditions, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, cancer, and dementia. This article explores the many faces of neuronal hyperexcitability in an effort to increase awareness of this highly prevalent but elusive neurophysiological abnormality.
Abstract: Although the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders remains unclear, an emerging hypothesis contends that most of the common psychiatric disorders are rooted in an inherent hyperexcitability of the neurological system. Particularly under the influence of stress, too many neurons fire for too long, resulting in pathologically severe and persistent...
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Maintenance Therapy with Tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil After First-line Chemotherapy in Stage IV Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Kena Zhou,
Anjing Zhao,
Bin Wang,
Jie Li,
Yingyi Zhang,
Meihong Wu,
Xianbao Zhan
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
168-173
Received:
22 September 2021
Accepted:
15 October 2021
Published:
19 October 2021
Abstract: Introduction: The feasibility, efficacy and safety of maintenance chemotherapy (MCT) after first-line therapy in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) remain obscure. This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil MCT in stage IV GC. Methods: Seventeen patients with stage IV GC had been involved in this study from the Department of Oncology of Changhai Hospital from January 1st, 2017 to August 31st, 2021. After 6-8 cycles of first-line chemotherapy with SOX (tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil combined with oxaliplatin) or DS (docetaxel combined with tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil) MCT was administered with tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil which continued until disease progression or intolerable adverse effects or death. The PFS, OS, DCR and adverse effects were analyzed. Results: Among 17 patients with stage IV GC, 11 patients received prior SOX-based first-line therapy, 6 patients with TS regimen. The best curative effect of first-line therapy were CR in 1 case, PR in 2 and SD in 14. DCR was 87.5% after tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil MCT, and the median PFS was 13.5 months, the median OS was 23 months. The main adverse effects of tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil MCT were grade 1-3 hematologic and grade 1 fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms. There were no treatment-related deaths or toxic effects of grade 4.
Abstract: Introduction: The feasibility, efficacy and safety of maintenance chemotherapy (MCT) after first-line therapy in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) remain obscure. This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil MCT in stage IV GC. Methods: Seventeen patients with stage IV GC had been involved in this study from the Depa...
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Anticonvulsants: The Psychotropic and Medically Protective Drugs of the Future
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
174-182
Received:
28 September 2021
Accepted:
18 October 2021
Published:
28 October 2021
Abstract: After more than a century of scientific study and philosophical debate, the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders is still unclear. However, an emerging hypothesis contends that psychiatric and related functional symptoms are rooted in an inherent hyperexcitability of the neurological system. Particularly under the influence of stress, too many neurons fire for too long, resulting in circuit-specific psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, depression, irritability, insomnia, inattention, and obsessional thinking as well as various physical symptoms that have no identifiable organic cause, such as migraine headache, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel, and chronic pain. Based on this hypothesis, anticonvulsant drugs, which could more aptly be called “Neuroregulators” because of their proposed mechanism of action, should have emerged as the drugs of choice for most of these disorders. Yet the use of anticonvulsants, at least for psychiatric disorders, dwindles in comparison to antidepressants, antipsychotics, psychostimulants, and sedative hypnotics. This article addresses the dearth of anticonvulsant drug use and the hypothetical reasons that several other classes of drugs continue to be used ahead of anticonvulsants despite the expanding base of evidence in support of the neuronal hyperexcitability hypothesis. The article will also propose new ways that anticonvulsants could be used to optimize their effectiveness for the wide range of disorders they should be able to treat, and it will discuss the means by which anticonvulsants could, in theory, be used prophylactically to prevent the development of an equally wide range of general medical conditions, including diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, dementia, and cancer.
Abstract: After more than a century of scientific study and philosophical debate, the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders is still unclear. However, an emerging hypothesis contends that psychiatric and related functional symptoms are rooted in an inherent hyperexcitability of the neurological system. Particularly under the influence of stress, too many neu...
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