Hypertension is a major cause of premature death worldwide and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is 34.11%, and about 95% of hypertension in Indonesia is essential hypertension of unknown cause and multifactorial. Dyslipidemia is characterized by an increase or decrease in the lipid fraction in plasma. Patients with hypertension who are accompanied by dyslipidemia have a risk of 18.1 times more likely to develop coronary heart disease than those without dyslipidemia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and relationship between lipid profile levels and blood pressures of hypertensive patients in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 132 inpatients and outpatients with hypertension. Physical examinations including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and body mass index (BMI) were performed. Fasting lipids including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were evaluated. Overall, 79.5% of the subjects had dyslipidemia, and more prevalent in females and over 45 years of age. The most common type of dyslipidemia observed was hypercholesterolemia (51.5%), followed by high LDL-C (34.1%), elevated TG (31.8%), and low HDL-C (31.1%). There were statistically significant correlations found between lipid profiles and other cardiovascular risk factors only in females, namely a positive correlation between LDL-C and DBP and a negative correlation between HDL-C and age. As conclusion, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in this study was high. A statistically significant positive correlation between lipid profile and blood pressures was found only in females.
| Published in | Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research (Volume 6, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ccr.20220601.16 |
| Page(s) | 39-44 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, Blood Pressures
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APA Style
Diana Shintawati Purwanto, Yanti Meilen Mewo, Edmond Leonard Jim. (2022). Evaluation of Lipid Profile on Hypertensive Patients: An Observational Study from North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, 6(1), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20220601.16
ACS Style
Diana Shintawati Purwanto; Yanti Meilen Mewo; Edmond Leonard Jim. Evaluation of Lipid Profile on Hypertensive Patients: An Observational Study from North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Cardiol. Cardiovasc. Res. 2022, 6(1), 39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ccr.20220601.16
AMA Style
Diana Shintawati Purwanto, Yanti Meilen Mewo, Edmond Leonard Jim. Evaluation of Lipid Profile on Hypertensive Patients: An Observational Study from North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Cardiol Cardiovasc Res. 2022;6(1):39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ccr.20220601.16
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ccr.20220601.16,
author = {Diana Shintawati Purwanto and Yanti Meilen Mewo and Edmond Leonard Jim},
title = {Evaluation of Lipid Profile on Hypertensive Patients: An Observational Study from North Sulawesi, Indonesia},
journal = {Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {39-44},
doi = {10.11648/j.ccr.20220601.16},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20220601.16},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ccr.20220601.16},
abstract = {Hypertension is a major cause of premature death worldwide and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is 34.11%, and about 95% of hypertension in Indonesia is essential hypertension of unknown cause and multifactorial. Dyslipidemia is characterized by an increase or decrease in the lipid fraction in plasma. Patients with hypertension who are accompanied by dyslipidemia have a risk of 18.1 times more likely to develop coronary heart disease than those without dyslipidemia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and relationship between lipid profile levels and blood pressures of hypertensive patients in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 132 inpatients and outpatients with hypertension. Physical examinations including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and body mass index (BMI) were performed. Fasting lipids including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were evaluated. Overall, 79.5% of the subjects had dyslipidemia, and more prevalent in females and over 45 years of age. The most common type of dyslipidemia observed was hypercholesterolemia (51.5%), followed by high LDL-C (34.1%), elevated TG (31.8%), and low HDL-C (31.1%). There were statistically significant correlations found between lipid profiles and other cardiovascular risk factors only in females, namely a positive correlation between LDL-C and DBP and a negative correlation between HDL-C and age. As conclusion, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in this study was high. A statistically significant positive correlation between lipid profile and blood pressures was found only in females.},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Lipid Profile on Hypertensive Patients: An Observational Study from North Sulawesi, Indonesia AU - Diana Shintawati Purwanto AU - Yanti Meilen Mewo AU - Edmond Leonard Jim Y1 - 2022/03/31 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20220601.16 DO - 10.11648/j.ccr.20220601.16 T2 - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research JF - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research JO - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research SP - 39 EP - 44 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2578-8914 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20220601.16 AB - Hypertension is a major cause of premature death worldwide and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is 34.11%, and about 95% of hypertension in Indonesia is essential hypertension of unknown cause and multifactorial. Dyslipidemia is characterized by an increase or decrease in the lipid fraction in plasma. Patients with hypertension who are accompanied by dyslipidemia have a risk of 18.1 times more likely to develop coronary heart disease than those without dyslipidemia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and relationship between lipid profile levels and blood pressures of hypertensive patients in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 132 inpatients and outpatients with hypertension. Physical examinations including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and body mass index (BMI) were performed. Fasting lipids including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were evaluated. Overall, 79.5% of the subjects had dyslipidemia, and more prevalent in females and over 45 years of age. The most common type of dyslipidemia observed was hypercholesterolemia (51.5%), followed by high LDL-C (34.1%), elevated TG (31.8%), and low HDL-C (31.1%). There were statistically significant correlations found between lipid profiles and other cardiovascular risk factors only in females, namely a positive correlation between LDL-C and DBP and a negative correlation between HDL-C and age. As conclusion, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in this study was high. A statistically significant positive correlation between lipid profile and blood pressures was found only in females. VL - 6 IS - 1 ER -
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