@article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20220803.12,
  author = {Victoria Bennett and Ibrahim Olabayode Saliu},
  title = {A Study on Garcinia kola Seeds in the Niger Delta, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {35-38},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20220803.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20220803.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20220803.12},
  abstract = {Garcinia kola also known as Bitter kola belongs to the family, Clusiaceae. Garcinia kola seeds have proven to possess enormous medicinal and pharmacological abilities. Locally, Gracinia kola seeds are used to cure abdominal pains, chest cold and cough. It is also used as snake repellant. Garcinia kola seeds are served as snack in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. This research is to investigate the proximate, mineral and bioactive compounds in Garcinia kola seeds in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Samples of freshly harvested Garcinia kola seeds were purchased from Swali market, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Proximate analysis of Garcinia kola seeds showed 44.65%, 0.20%, 2.88%, 8.77%, 1.09% and 42.41% moisture, ash, protein, fat, fibre and carbohydrate contents respectively. Varying compositions were reported by various researchers. This may indicate that proximate composition of Garcinia kola seeds varies with season, environment and/ or condition or time of evaluation. Moisture content of Garcinia kola seeds in the Niger Delta, Nigeria was lower than the moisture content values reported in the literature. Moisture content plays an important role in the physical appearance, shelf-life and resistance to bacterial contamination of nuts. The higher the amount of moisture, the more susceptible the seed becomes to bacterial contamination, implying that Garcinia kola seeds in the Niger Delta may have longer shelf-life, hence more resistance to bacterial contamination. Mineral analysis showed 0.26%, 0.002%, 0.001%, 0.03%, and 0.18% K, Fe, Mn, Ca, P contents respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of methanolic extract of the seeds of Garcinia kola showed fifteen bioactive components. Substantial amounts of Caryophyllene, 56.1% and Humulene,  87.7% were identified in the seeds of Garcinia kola, confirming its use in folk medicine in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. All the different components identified from the seeds have different biological activities – anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-malaria activities. Therefore, this research authenticates the medicinal and pharmacological abilities of Garcinia kola seeds; hence, recommends isolation of these bioactives to replace synthetic antibiotics in the pharmaceutical industry.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Study on Garcinia kola Seeds in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
AU  - Victoria Bennett
AU  - Ibrahim Olabayode Saliu
Y1  - 2022/07/20
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20220803.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20220803.12
T2  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
SP  - 35
EP  - 38
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5749
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20220803.12
AB  - Garcinia kola also known as Bitter kola belongs to the family, Clusiaceae. Garcinia kola seeds have proven to possess enormous medicinal and pharmacological abilities. Locally, Gracinia kola seeds are used to cure abdominal pains, chest cold and cough. It is also used as snake repellant. Garcinia kola seeds are served as snack in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. This research is to investigate the proximate, mineral and bioactive compounds in Garcinia kola seeds in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Samples of freshly harvested Garcinia kola seeds were purchased from Swali market, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Proximate analysis of Garcinia kola seeds showed 44.65%, 0.20%, 2.88%, 8.77%, 1.09% and 42.41% moisture, ash, protein, fat, fibre and carbohydrate contents respectively. Varying compositions were reported by various researchers. This may indicate that proximate composition of Garcinia kola seeds varies with season, environment and/ or condition or time of evaluation. Moisture content of Garcinia kola seeds in the Niger Delta, Nigeria was lower than the moisture content values reported in the literature. Moisture content plays an important role in the physical appearance, shelf-life and resistance to bacterial contamination of nuts. The higher the amount of moisture, the more susceptible the seed becomes to bacterial contamination, implying that Garcinia kola seeds in the Niger Delta may have longer shelf-life, hence more resistance to bacterial contamination. Mineral analysis showed 0.26%, 0.002%, 0.001%, 0.03%, and 0.18% K, Fe, Mn, Ca, P contents respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of methanolic extract of the seeds of Garcinia kola showed fifteen bioactive components. Substantial amounts of Caryophyllene, 56.1% and Humulene,  87.7% were identified in the seeds of Garcinia kola, confirming its use in folk medicine in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. All the different components identified from the seeds have different biological activities – anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-malaria activities. Therefore, this research authenticates the medicinal and pharmacological abilities of Garcinia kola seeds; hence, recommends isolation of these bioactives to replace synthetic antibiotics in the pharmaceutical industry.
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
ER  - 

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