Assessment of Nutritional Composition, Vitamin C Content and Toxic Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Local Drinks Made in the Northern Part of Nigeria

Jibrin Noah Akoji; Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas; Kusherki Aliyu Ummulsa’ada

doi:doi:10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16

| Peer-Reviewed

Assessment of Nutritional Composition, Vitamin C Content and Toxic Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Local Drinks Made in the Northern Part of Nigeria

Jibrin Noah Akoji, Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas, Kusherki Aliyu Ummulsa’ada

Published in Science Development (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 21 June 2022 Accepted: 18 July 2022 Published: 17 August 2022

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Five different locally prepared drinks (Kunun Acha, Kunun Gyada, Kunun Masara, Kunun Tsamiya, and Kunun Kanwa) were analyzed for proximate content and heavy metals concentration using Association of Official Analytical Chemists method and atomic absorption spectrophotometer respectively. The result indicated that moisture, ash, fat, protein and carbohydrate ranges from 81.90 to 94.90, 0.06 to 3.51, 0.05 to 1.32, 0.18 to 1.14, and 10.0 to 15.8 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, vitamins are wthin 0.78 to 21 mg/L, while those of mineral elements are 35.675 to 124.725 mg/L Ca, 0.025 to 2.700 mg/L Cu, 0.350 to 3.700 mg/L Mn, 53.900 to 298.425 mg/L Mg, 4.750 to 99.930 mg/L Fe, and ND to 0.550 mg/L Pb. The locally made Kununn from Masara (maize) recorded the highest value for acceptability of overall moisture content with a better aroma, taste and appearance, while Kununn made from Acha had the highest ash content. Kununn made from kanwa (potash) recorded the highest vitamin content. Kununn made from gyada (groundnut) had the highest fat, carbohydrate and protein contents. Heavy metal concentrations in the local beverages are all within the recommended dietary intake for human, except for Kununn Masara with Pb content of 0.55±0.00 mg/L. Based on this result, the five locally produced Kununn analyzed are adjudged to be good for the human body and can contribute to the growth and stability of the body system. The consumption of Kununn made from masara with lead contaminant of 0.550 mg/L above WHO and NAFDAC recommended limit should be discourage.

Published in	Science Development (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16
Page(s)	117-121
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Assessment, Nutritional, Composition, Heavy Metals, Vitamin C

References

[1]	Magomya, A. M Yebpella G. G and Okpaegbe, U. C (2015) An Assessment of metal contaminant levels in selected soft drinks sold in Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 2 (10): 2348-7968.
[2]	Rashmi, V and Pratima, D. (2013) Heavy metal water pollution- A case study, Recent Research in Science and Technology 5 (5): 98-99 ISSN: 2076-5061 Available Online: http://recent-science.com/
[3]	Izah SC, Inyang IR, Angaye TCN, Okowa IP. A Review of Heavy Metal Concentration and Potential Health Implications of Beverages Consumed in Nigeria. Toxics. 2017; 5 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics5010001
[4]	AOAC. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, AOAC International. Also valid are: a second revision of this edition (2003); the 16th edition (1995) and the 15th edition (1990). This last was published in Arlington, Virginia, USA, by AOAC International.
[5]	Vartanian LR, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD. (2007). Effects of soft drink consumption on nutrition and health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Public Health. 2007 Apr; 97 (4): 667-75. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.083782. Epub. PMID: 17329656; PMCID: PMC1829363.
[6]	Otaru, A. J., Ameh, C. U., Okafor, J. O., Odigure, J. O. and Abdulkareem, A. S. (2013). Development, carbonation and characterization of local millet beverage (Kununn). International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering. 3 (4): 80-86.
[7]	Innocent, O. O., Mariam, Y. O., Blessed, K. and James, T. W. (2011). Microbial evaluation and proximate composition of Kununzaki, an indigenous fermented food drink consumed predominantly in Nothern Nigeria. Internet Journal Food Safety. 13: 93-97. Corpus ID: 54711655.
[8]	Institute of Medicine (1997). Standing committee on the scientific evaluation of dietary reference intakes. Dietary reference intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin d, and fluoride. U. S. A, Washington (DC): National Academies Press. pp 1-5. DOI: 10.17226/5776.
[9]	Institute of Medicine (2000) Panel on dietary antioxidants and related compounds. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin c, vitamin e, selenium, and carotenoids. U. S. A, Washington (DC): National Academies Press. pp 7-30. DOI: 10.17226/9810.
[10]	Institute of Medicine. (2001). Dietary reference intakes for vitamin a, vitamin k, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. U. S. A, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press pp 1-5. DOI: 10.17226/10026.
[11]	Institute of Medicine. (2005). Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. U. S. A, Washington, DC: The National Academies pp 6-8.
[12]	WHO (World Health Organization) (2011). Guideline for Drinking Water Quality, 4th ed.; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland.
[13]	Krishnaveni, S., Balasubramanian, T. and Sadasivam, S. (1984) Sugar distribution in sweet stalk sorghum. Food Chemistry, 15, 229-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(84)90007-4
[14]	Dubois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A. and Smith, F (1956). Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry. 28: 350-356. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a017

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Jibrin Noah Akoji, Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas, Kusherki Aliyu Ummulsa’ada. (2022). Assessment of Nutritional Composition, Vitamin C Content and Toxic Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Local Drinks Made in the Northern Part of Nigeria. Science Development, 3(3), 117-121. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Jibrin Noah Akoji; Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas; Kusherki Aliyu Ummulsa’ada. Assessment of Nutritional Composition, Vitamin C Content and Toxic Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Local Drinks Made in the Northern Part of Nigeria. Sci. Dev. 2022, 3(3), 117-121. doi: 10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Jibrin Noah Akoji, Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas, Kusherki Aliyu Ummulsa’ada. Assessment of Nutritional Composition, Vitamin C Content and Toxic Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Local Drinks Made in the Northern Part of Nigeria. Sci Dev. 2022;3(3):117-121. doi: 10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16,
  author = {Jibrin Noah Akoji and Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas and Kusherki Aliyu Ummulsa’ada},
  title = {Assessment of Nutritional Composition, Vitamin C Content and Toxic Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Local Drinks Made in the Northern Part of Nigeria},
  journal = {Science Development},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {117-121},
  doi = {10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.scidev.20220303.16},
  abstract = {Five different locally prepared drinks (Kunun Acha, Kunun Gyada, Kunun Masara, Kunun Tsamiya, and Kunun Kanwa) were analyzed for proximate content and heavy metals concentration using Association of Official Analytical Chemists method and atomic absorption spectrophotometer respectively. The result indicated that moisture, ash, fat, protein and carbohydrate ranges from 81.90 to 94.90, 0.06 to 3.51, 0.05 to 1.32, 0.18 to 1.14, and 10.0 to 15.8 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, vitamins are wthin 0.78 to 21 mg/L, while those of mineral elements are 35.675 to 124.725 mg/L Ca, 0.025 to 2.700 mg/L Cu, 0.350 to 3.700 mg/L Mn, 53.900 to 298.425 mg/L Mg, 4.750 to 99.930 mg/L Fe, and ND to 0.550 mg/L Pb. The locally made Kununn from Masara (maize) recorded the highest value for acceptability of overall moisture content with a better aroma, taste and appearance, while Kununn made from Acha had the highest ash content. Kununn made from kanwa (potash) recorded the highest vitamin content. Kununn made from gyada (groundnut) had the highest fat, carbohydrate and protein contents. Heavy metal concentrations in the local beverages are all within the recommended dietary intake for human, except for Kununn Masara with Pb content of 0.55±0.00 mg/L. Based on this result, the five locally produced Kununn analyzed are adjudged to be good for the human body and can contribute to the growth and stability of the body system. The consumption of Kununn made from masara with lead contaminant of 0.550 mg/L above WHO and NAFDAC recommended limit should be discourage.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Nutritional Composition, Vitamin C Content and Toxic Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Local Drinks Made in the Northern Part of Nigeria
AU  - Jibrin Noah Akoji
AU  - Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas
AU  - Kusherki Aliyu Ummulsa’ada
Y1  - 2022/08/17
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16
T2  - Science Development
JF  - Science Development
JO  - Science Development
SP  - 117
EP  - 121
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7154
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16
AB  - Five different locally prepared drinks (Kunun Acha, Kunun Gyada, Kunun Masara, Kunun Tsamiya, and Kunun Kanwa) were analyzed for proximate content and heavy metals concentration using Association of Official Analytical Chemists method and atomic absorption spectrophotometer respectively. The result indicated that moisture, ash, fat, protein and carbohydrate ranges from 81.90 to 94.90, 0.06 to 3.51, 0.05 to 1.32, 0.18 to 1.14, and 10.0 to 15.8 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, vitamins are wthin 0.78 to 21 mg/L, while those of mineral elements are 35.675 to 124.725 mg/L Ca, 0.025 to 2.700 mg/L Cu, 0.350 to 3.700 mg/L Mn, 53.900 to 298.425 mg/L Mg, 4.750 to 99.930 mg/L Fe, and ND to 0.550 mg/L Pb. The locally made Kununn from Masara (maize) recorded the highest value for acceptability of overall moisture content with a better aroma, taste and appearance, while Kununn made from Acha had the highest ash content. Kununn made from kanwa (potash) recorded the highest vitamin content. Kununn made from gyada (groundnut) had the highest fat, carbohydrate and protein contents. Heavy metal concentrations in the local beverages are all within the recommended dietary intake for human, except for Kununn Masara with Pb content of 0.55±0.00 mg/L. Based on this result, the five locally produced Kununn analyzed are adjudged to be good for the human body and can contribute to the growth and stability of the body system. The consumption of Kununn made from masara with lead contaminant of 0.550 mg/L above WHO and NAFDAC recommended limit should be discourage.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Jibrin Noah Akoji

Department of Petroleum Chemistry, Faculty of Computing and Applied Science, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria
Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas

Department of Petroleum Chemistry, Faculty of Computing and Applied Science, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria
Kusherki Aliyu Ummulsa’ada

Department of Petroleum Chemistry, Faculty of Computing and Applied Science, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Jibrin Noah Akoji, Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas, Kusherki Aliyu Ummulsa’ada. (2022). Assessment of Nutritional Composition, Vitamin C Content and Toxic Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Local Drinks Made in the Northern Part of Nigeria. Science Development, 3(3), 117-121. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Jibrin Noah Akoji; Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas; Kusherki Aliyu Ummulsa’ada. Assessment of Nutritional Composition, Vitamin C Content and Toxic Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Local Drinks Made in the Northern Part of Nigeria. Sci. Dev. 2022, 3(3), 117-121. doi: 10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Jibrin Noah Akoji, Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas, Kusherki Aliyu Ummulsa’ada. Assessment of Nutritional Composition, Vitamin C Content and Toxic Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Local Drinks Made in the Northern Part of Nigeria. Sci Dev. 2022;3(3):117-121. doi: 10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16,
  author = {Jibrin Noah Akoji and Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas and Kusherki Aliyu Ummulsa’ada},
  title = {Assessment of Nutritional Composition, Vitamin C Content and Toxic Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Local Drinks Made in the Northern Part of Nigeria},
  journal = {Science Development},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {117-121},
  doi = {10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.scidev.20220303.16},
  abstract = {Five different locally prepared drinks (Kunun Acha, Kunun Gyada, Kunun Masara, Kunun Tsamiya, and Kunun Kanwa) were analyzed for proximate content and heavy metals concentration using Association of Official Analytical Chemists method and atomic absorption spectrophotometer respectively. The result indicated that moisture, ash, fat, protein and carbohydrate ranges from 81.90 to 94.90, 0.06 to 3.51, 0.05 to 1.32, 0.18 to 1.14, and 10.0 to 15.8 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, vitamins are wthin 0.78 to 21 mg/L, while those of mineral elements are 35.675 to 124.725 mg/L Ca, 0.025 to 2.700 mg/L Cu, 0.350 to 3.700 mg/L Mn, 53.900 to 298.425 mg/L Mg, 4.750 to 99.930 mg/L Fe, and ND to 0.550 mg/L Pb. The locally made Kununn from Masara (maize) recorded the highest value for acceptability of overall moisture content with a better aroma, taste and appearance, while Kununn made from Acha had the highest ash content. Kununn made from kanwa (potash) recorded the highest vitamin content. Kununn made from gyada (groundnut) had the highest fat, carbohydrate and protein contents. Heavy metal concentrations in the local beverages are all within the recommended dietary intake for human, except for Kununn Masara with Pb content of 0.55±0.00 mg/L. Based on this result, the five locally produced Kununn analyzed are adjudged to be good for the human body and can contribute to the growth and stability of the body system. The consumption of Kununn made from masara with lead contaminant of 0.550 mg/L above WHO and NAFDAC recommended limit should be discourage.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Nutritional Composition, Vitamin C Content and Toxic Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Local Drinks Made in the Northern Part of Nigeria
AU  - Jibrin Noah Akoji
AU  - Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas
AU  - Kusherki Aliyu Ummulsa’ada
Y1  - 2022/08/17
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16
T2  - Science Development
JF  - Science Development
JO  - Science Development
SP  - 117
EP  - 121
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7154
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16
AB  - Five different locally prepared drinks (Kunun Acha, Kunun Gyada, Kunun Masara, Kunun Tsamiya, and Kunun Kanwa) were analyzed for proximate content and heavy metals concentration using Association of Official Analytical Chemists method and atomic absorption spectrophotometer respectively. The result indicated that moisture, ash, fat, protein and carbohydrate ranges from 81.90 to 94.90, 0.06 to 3.51, 0.05 to 1.32, 0.18 to 1.14, and 10.0 to 15.8 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, vitamins are wthin 0.78 to 21 mg/L, while those of mineral elements are 35.675 to 124.725 mg/L Ca, 0.025 to 2.700 mg/L Cu, 0.350 to 3.700 mg/L Mn, 53.900 to 298.425 mg/L Mg, 4.750 to 99.930 mg/L Fe, and ND to 0.550 mg/L Pb. The locally made Kununn from Masara (maize) recorded the highest value for acceptability of overall moisture content with a better aroma, taste and appearance, while Kununn made from Acha had the highest ash content. Kununn made from kanwa (potash) recorded the highest vitamin content. Kununn made from gyada (groundnut) had the highest fat, carbohydrate and protein contents. Heavy metal concentrations in the local beverages are all within the recommended dietary intake for human, except for Kununn Masara with Pb content of 0.55±0.00 mg/L. Based on this result, the five locally produced Kununn analyzed are adjudged to be good for the human body and can contribute to the growth and stability of the body system. The consumption of Kununn made from masara with lead contaminant of 0.550 mg/L above WHO and NAFDAC recommended limit should be discourage.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download