Coupling Simulation of Drilling Behavior in Cavity Bottom Sediments of Salt Cavern Gas Storage

Jun Lu; Yi Zhang; Luopeng Li; Jun Li

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24

Research Article |

| Peer-Reviewed

Coupling Simulation of Drilling Behavior in Cavity Bottom Sediments of Salt Cavern Gas Storage

Jun Lu, Yi Zhang^*

, Luopeng Li, Jun Li

Published in Science Research (Volume 14, Issue 5)

Received: 8 June 2026 Accepted: 7 September 2026 Published: 14 September 2026

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Abstract

In terrestrial salt cavern gas storage facilities in regions such as Jintan, China, the development of mud interlayers in the formation causes sediment to accumulate at the bottom of the cavern after water-based dissolution, occupying nearly half of the effective storage capacity. To revitalize the void resources of sediment and optimize the rotary jetting drilling process at the cavern bottom, a CFD-DEM two-way coupled numerical simulation method was adopted. By considering both continuous flow of the drilling fluid and the discrete mechanical characteristics of the sediment particles, a numerical simulation study on rotary jetting drilling within the unlithified sediment of salt cavern was. The results show that: Through the coupled numerical simulation, the full-process dynamic characteristics of sediment particle mobilization, migration, and accumulation during the rotaryting drilling within the sediment can be reproduced, and the influence of different drilling flow rates on the sediment fragmentation efficiency and particle upward migration rate can be quantitatively analyzed. Flow rate and the structure of the drilling tool significantly affect the hole-forming effect of rotary jetting drilling within the sediment. Increasing the flow rate can enlarge the hole and depth, but the increase in drilling efficiency slows down after exceeding a critical value. At the same flow rate, the drilling tool with a small-diameter nozzle exhibits drilling efficiency within the sediment, and the nozzle diameter has a negligible effect on the hole-forming area. The drilling tool configured with a 5- guide impeller and3 rear-mounted reverse nozzles achieves the optimal drilling performance, and different nozzle structures correspond to exclusive optimal construction flow rate intervals. The research findings can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of drilling tools for salt cavity sludge, optimization of construction parameters, and the resource utilization of sludge in salt cavern gas storage facilities in regions such as Jintan.

Published in	Science Research (Volume 14, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24
Page(s)	365-374
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Salt Cavern Gas Storage, Unlithified Sediment, CFD-DEM Coupling, Drilling Efficiency

1．引言

盐穴储气库是我国天然气调峰保供与战略油气储备的核心基础设施，凭借密封性好、储容规模大、安全稳定性突出的优势，是完善国家油气储运体系、保障区域用气安全的重要工程

[1-3]

。我国用于储气库建造的盐矿普遍为陆相沉积盐层，与海外高纯海相盐矿不同，地层普遍泥质、碎屑夹层发育，泥岩、粉砂岩等不溶杂质含量偏高，金坛、淮安等主力建库盐层不溶物含量普遍在8%-30%不等，部分地区甚至高达50%。盐层内部夹层呈薄层、条带状交错分布，盐岩与泥质夹层互层发育，地层非均质性显著

[4-6]

。国内盐穴多采用水溶开采法造腔，淡水溶蚀盐岩过程中，难溶泥质夹层失去盐岩骨架支撑陆续垮塌剥落，破碎碎屑持续在腔体底部堆积形成不成岩沉渣。沉渣长期淤积挤占有效储气库容，部分腔体腔底沉渣堆积高度可达数十米，据统计，目前金坛、云应、楚州等在建或拟建地区盐腔内残渣体积占据腔体总体积的1/3~2/3，大幅降低了储气库设计库容利用率，同时沉渣堆积改变腔体底部流场，影响后期注采气渗流规律，制约储气库运行效率

[7-9]

，亟需开展腔底残渣清理及沉渣空隙空间有效利用。

生产实践表明，盐腔底部沉渣为垮塌碎屑自由沉降压实堆积体，呈现分层物性特征：表层沉渣松散、孔隙度40%～50%、渗透率高，深部沉渣在上覆自重压实作用下密实度有所增大，孔隙降至22%～30%，颗粒嵌挤紧密，整体级配混杂、粗细颗粒交错分布，与常规地层岩石相比，腔底沉渣颗粒间胶结程度差、机械强度低，呈“不成岩”状态

[10-14]

。

本文基于盐腔残渣颗粒粒径、粒径分级等物性特征，采用CFD-DEM的含颗粒相多相流双向耦合数值模拟方法，针对腔底沉渣内旋冲钻进工艺开展数值模拟，探索研究了沉渣内旋冲钻进过程中沉渣颗粒启动、悬浮、运移规律，对比分析了不同结构参数和钻井排量下沉渣内钻头钻孔效果，为开展腔底沉渣内高效钻进，实现盐腔沉渣空隙空间的有效利用和腔体扩容奠定理论基础。

2．盐腔沉渣物性特征及钻孔工艺

2.1．盐腔沉渣形成机理

金坛盐矿为陆相沉积含盐地层，盐岩层内频繁夹存泥岩、粉砂岩、泥质粉砂等难溶夹层，是腔底沉渣生成的物质基础。储气库采用淡水水溶造腔工艺，注入淡水选择性溶蚀氯化钠盐岩矿物，泥质夹层不溶于卤水，随周边盐岩持续溶蚀失去骨架支撑，在重力、卤水扰动作用下逐步垮塌破碎。垮落碎屑经腔体内卤水搬运、分选，粗粒碎屑就近沉降，细粒悬浮物随卤水缓慢沉降，长年累月在腔体底部逐层堆积，形成原生沉渣。后期在上覆碎屑自重、腔体卤水静压长期作用下，表层松散碎屑不断压密，细颗粒填充粗颗粒孔隙，最终形成分层显著、物性不均的腔底不成岩沉渣，持续挤占腔体有效储气空间

[3, 9, 15, 16]

。

2.2．盐腔沉渣物性特征

（1）沉渣矿物成分

金坛地区盐岩岩心水不溶物沉渣样品全岩矿物测试结果表明：沉渣主体矿物成分为石英和白云石，占比达45%~79%，为骨架矿物；黏土矿物含量约5%~15%，以伊利石、高岭石为主，遇卤水易吸水软化胶结，颗粒表面零星附着残留盐晶，高泥质含量是沉渣易压实、物性分层的内在诱因

[17-19]

。

（2）沉渣粒径分布特征

采用筛分法对盐岩样品水溶后形成的不溶物沉渣颗粒进行粒径分析，结果如图1所示。由图可以得出：沉渣粒径分布区间为0.05～50mm，级配混杂特征明显，其中沉渣粒径大小30~40mm占比最大为26.25%，10~20mm占比约16.10%，5~10mm约12.81%；表层松散沉渣细颗粒占比更高，颗粒离散性大；深部压实沉渣经长期自重挤压，细颗粒填充粗颗粒孔隙，颗粒嵌挤紧密

[17, 18]

。该粒度与组分特征，直接导致沉渣物理力学性能分层差异显著，也为旋冲钻进过程中颗粒启动、运移及排渣效果带来明显影响

[19-21]

。

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Figure 1. 图1 盐岩样品水不溶物沉渣堆积物粒度分布图。

（3）沉渣力学强度参数

盐腔沉渣为松散堆积碎屑体，无完整结构强度，力学特性符合摩尔-库伦强度准则，整体强度由颗粒嵌挤咬合与微弱胶结作用共同提供，且随堆积深度呈现显著分层差异。表层松散沉渣未受有效压实，颗粒间接触松散、胶结性极差，整体强度极低；中部自重压实沉渣在上覆荷载作用下颗粒紧密嵌挤，结构稳定性提升，强度参数明显增大；深部高压压实沉渣长期受压密实，颗粒咬合作用极强，力学性能最优，是制约旋冲钻进破渣效率的主要层位。不同工况下沉渣核心强度参数如表1所示。

表1 不同工况下盐腔沉渣核心强度参数表。

沉渣分层工况	内聚力C/kPa	内摩擦角/(°)	无侧限抗压强度/MPa
表层松散沉渣	2～12	22～28	＜0.03
中部自重压实沉渣	18～35	29～33	0.05～0.18
深部高压压实沉渣	50～85	34～38	0.20～0.35

【数据来源】：基于金坛地区盐穴储气库腔底沉渣室内三轴力学试验与现场压实物性测试结果，参数区间综合参照文献

[6, 7, 11, 17, 22-24]

等实测数据归纳取值。

2.3．盐腔沉渣旋冲钻孔工艺

旋转射流冲击钻孔技术是一种专为软弱沉渣层设计的复合钻进技术，通过“高压旋冲钻孔、旋转剪切清掏、负压抽吸携带”等机制，可完美应对腔底不成岩沉渣强度极低、流变性强、易扰动、难携带等工程挑战，其核心是利用钻头前向喷嘴产生的高速旋转射流对井底沉渣进行周向剪切和清掏，实现沉渣内旋冲钻进；利用工具后向喷嘴产生的反向高速射流，在射流冲击区后方产生局部低压区，对钻进过程中剥离/破碎的沉渣颗粒产生负压抽吸，实现高效携带返排，同时，高速射流对工具产生前进方向的反冲作用力，可为工具沿沉渣钻进提供前进的动力，还可以辅助携岩，提高钻进效率

[25]

。

基于金坛地区盐腔沉渣形成机理及其物性特征，设计了一种盐腔不成岩残渣内高效旋冲钻孔工具，如图2所示；基于CFD-DEM 耦合数值模拟方法，对比分析不同结构参数下钻孔工具在盐腔沉渣内的钻旋冲钻孔效果及钻孔效率，表2为钻孔工具不同喷嘴数量、喷嘴出口直径组合及导流叶轮结构设计方案参数表。

采用CFD 方法计算流场变化，采用DEM 法计算颗粒运动状态，无论对于颗粒还是流体，均可采用更符合自身特点的数值方法进行计算。因此采用CFD-DEM 耦合数值模拟方法能够准确地描述颗粒和流体的运动情况及其之间的相互作用。

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Figure 2. 图2 盐腔不成岩残渣内高效钻孔工具。

表2 钻孔工具不同结构设计方案参数表。

参数方案	前向喷嘴		后向喷嘴
参数方案	出口直径（mm）	导流叶轮参数	喷嘴数量（个）	出口直径（mm）	喷嘴轴线与工具轴线夹角（°）
方案1	8.0	右旋， 3、4、5、6叶片，导程64mm	3	4.1	30
方案2	5.5		3	2.9
方案3	4.1		3	2.1
方案4	4.1		2	2.6
方案5	4.1		4	1.8

3．沉渣内钻进仿真模型建立与参数设置

3.1．EDEM颗粒域模型

在EDEM离散元求解器中，数模参数的设置对于模拟结果的准确性和稳定性具有重要影响。数模参数包括时间步长、迭代次数、颗粒碰撞模型、颗粒间摩擦模型等。时间步长的选择应考虑到颗粒相的运动速度和流体相的时间尺度，较小的时间步长可以提高模拟的准确性，但也增加了计算的复杂性；迭代次数取决于求解器的收敛性和稳定性，需要根据模拟结果进行适当的调整；颗粒碰撞模型和颗粒间摩擦模型是描述颗粒相相互作用的关键，根据颗粒的形状、粒径和材料特性，选择适当的碰撞模型和摩擦模型，常见的模型包括弹性碰撞模型、阻尼碰撞模型和库伦摩擦模型等

[26, 27]

。EDEM离散元求解器数模参数设置如表3所示。

表3 离散元求解器数模参数设置。

参数	值	参数	值
颗粒泊松比	0.3	设备密度(kg/m³)	7860
弹性模量(GPa)	18	静摩擦系数（颗粒-颗粒）	0.579
颗粒密度(kg/m³)	2200	动摩擦系数（颗粒-颗粒）	0.00192
设备泊松比	0.288	恢复系数（颗粒-设备）	0.487
设备剪切模量(MPa)	82.3

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Figure 3. 图3 EDEM离散元物理模型。

盐腔残渣颗粒设置为球形颗粒，依据金坛地区沉渣颗粒粒径分布实验测试数据，在欧拉模型中导入多孔体积分数算法，建立盐腔沉渣颗粒场模型。为了耦合计算能够有效收敛，将沉渣颗粒粒径设置为8个级别，小于1.25mm粒径的颗粒统一为1.25mm粒径，总占比为22.72%。确定沉渣颗粒的粒径分布、密度、形状和材料特性等物理属性后，建立EDEM离散元物理模型如图3所示，长宽为1200mm，高为700mm，模型中颗粒数量共计154087个。

3.2．Fluent流体域模型

在计算流体力学求解器中，数模参数的设置对于模拟结果的准确性和稳定性具有重要影响。计算流体力学求解器主要包括网格划分、时间步长、湍流模型、边界条件等，各参数设置如表4所示。

流体域模型是描述流体相行为的基本框架，包括质量守恒、动量守恒和能量守恒方程等。由于颗粒相浓度较低且流体和颗粒相互作用较弱，欧拉-欧拉多相流模型能够提供足够的准确性和计算效率，因此选择欧拉-欧拉多相流模型进行数值模拟。建立Fluent流体域物理模型如图4所示，长宽为1200mm，高为700m，模型网格划分共计102559个节点、550192个网格。

表4 计算流体力学求解器数模参数设置。

参数	值	参数	值
液体密度	1000 kg/m³	湍流模型	标准k-ε模型
液体粘度	0.001 Pa∙s	CFD时间步长	1E-4
颗粒相体积分数	≈60%	DEM时间步长	5E-6
液体相体积分数	≈40%	耦合时间步长	1E-4

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Figure 4. 图4 Fluent流体域物理模型及其网格划分图。

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Figure 5. 图5 流体域边界条件。

3.3．边界条件

边界条件设置如图5所示，入口A为速度入口，出口B为压力出口，设置为大气压，其余面C为壁面边界条件。基于上述模型，采用耦合数值模拟方法，对比分析了不同结构钻孔工具参数在不同钻井排量下沉渣内的钻孔效果，分别对应的入口流量为100、110、125、180、200、225、275、390、475L/min，入口速度分别为0.211、0.232、0.264、0.380、0.422、0.475、0.580、0.823、1.002m/s。

4．沉渣内钻进数模耦合仿真分析

4.1．工具沉渣内旋冲钻进过程耦合分析

采用Fluent - EDEM双向耦合方法模拟钻孔工具在盐腔沉渣中的旋冲钻进过程，其原理是Fluent基于N-S方程求解钻进流场，获取高压射流流速、压力与剪切力分布，EDEM依托离散元理论表征沉渣颗粒间接触、碰撞、嵌挤的力学作用，精准还原沉渣破碎、悬浮运动规律，俩者双向耦合实现数据实时交互，该耦合方法兼顾了流体流场的连续介质特性与沉渣颗粒的离散运动特征。

沉渣内旋冲钻进耦合模拟结果如图6所示。由图可以看出，初始状态下，沉渣颗粒呈静态压实堆积，仅工具周边存在极小范围的流体扰动；钻孔工具在沉渣面钻孔成孔时，工具旋冲作用带动周边流体形成高速流场，表层沉渣颗粒率先启动，向工具外侧运移；工具沿沉渣钻进时，流场扰动向深部扩展，工具前端形成高速射流区，核心区域颗粒被充分启动，呈现明显的径向运移趋势；颗粒运移范围进一步扩大，工具周边形成稳定的颗粒堆积与运移循环，完整复现了旋冲钻进的破岩排渣动态。

通过数模耦合仿真可以复现沉渣内工具旋冲钻进过程中沉渣颗粒启动、运移与堆积的全流程动态特征，可以量化分析不同钻井排量对沉渣破碎效率、颗粒上返速率等的影响规律，为金坛等地区盐穴储气库开展沉渣内钻进施工与沉渣空隙资源化利用提供理论依据。

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Figure 6. 图6 钻孔工具沉渣内旋冲钻进耦合模拟过程示意图。

4.2．工具沉渣内旋冲钻孔效果分析

（1）不同排量排量下钻孔效果分析

受沉渣非均质堆积影响，沉渣内采用旋流冲击钻进时流体携砂、颗粒启动高度依赖钻井排量。选取三种不同结构钻孔工具，开展不同排量下工具沉渣内钻进情况数模仿真分析，结果如图7~图9所示。

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Figure 7. 图7 方案1钻孔工具不同排量下沉渣内模拟钻孔效果对比图。

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Figure 8. 图8 方案2钻孔工具不同排量下沉渣内模拟钻孔效果对比图。

由图可以看出，同一钻孔工具，排量较小时，沉渣面成孔面积较小，沉渣内钻进过程中沉渣难以上返、成孔形态不规则；随着排量增大，工具前向喷嘴旋流冲击力增大，反向喷嘴反冲推进力增大，沉渣内更容易冲击成孔钻进，钻进过程中沉渣颗粒更容易地被旋流携带至孔眼周边；排量越大，钻孔工具在沉渣面旋冲形成的孔径越大、沉渣内钻进深度越大，但排量增大到一定程度后，钻孔深度的增幅速度变缓，如方案1钻孔工具，排量达到390L/min后，排量增幅21.8%，钻孔深度仅增幅0.7%；在相同排量下，沉渣内钻进深度与工具喷嘴直径大小呈反比，同排量下小直径喷嘴产生的射流速度更高、沉渣内钻孔效率更高，但成孔面积与喷嘴直径大小关系不大。因此，对于不同方案钻孔工具，沉渣内高效钻进均存在对应的最优排量范围，如方案1钻孔工具最优排量为300~400L/min，方案2钻孔工具最优排量为200~250L/min，方案3钻孔工具最优排量为120~150L/min。通过对-比分析不同工具结构不同排量下沉渣内钻孔效果，结合盐腔造腔完井生产数据、沉渣分层堆积物性等资料，可为盐腔沉渣清障工程、利用沉渣空隙扩大储气空间等作业参数优化提供依据。

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Figure 9. 图9 不同钻孔工具125L/min排量下沉渣内模拟钻孔效果对比图。

（2）不同导流叶轮叶片数的钻孔效果分析

采用方案3钻孔工具，工具前向喷嘴直径为4.1mm，3个后向喷嘴直径均为2.1mm，工具内置导流叶轮，数模仿真了125 L/min排量下钻孔工具在沉渣内的钻孔成孔效果，对比分析了四种不同叶片数导流叶轮结构下工具沉渣内旋冲钻孔效果，结果如图10所示。

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Figure 10. 图10 钻孔工具不同导流叶轮结构下沉渣内模拟钻孔效果对比图。

由图可以看出，钻孔工具内置四种不同叶片数的导流叶轮均可以形成较强的旋冲射流，实现沉渣面钻孔成孔和沉渣内钻进，工具后置喷嘴产生的反冲射流可以高效助排沉渣颗粒，防止沉渣颗粒在钻孔处堆积，钻孔截面呈“喇叭口”状；对比钻孔效果截面图及数据可以发现，导流叶轮采用5叶片时，高压流体流经叶轮后形成的高速旋流工作效率更高，旋冲形成的孔径最大、沉渣内钻进深度和钻进效率最高。

（3）不同后向喷嘴布置方案的钻孔效果分析

钻孔工具后向喷嘴在钻进过程中形成的反向高速射流，对工具产生的反冲作用力大小在排量恒定时取决于反向喷嘴的数量、喷嘴直径、喷嘴轴向与钻孔工具中心轴直径的夹角等。选取方案3、方案4、方案5三种不同结构钻孔工具，三种方案工具均内置5叶片导流叶轮，前向喷嘴均为直径4.1mm，后向喷嘴数量和直径互不相同，但后向喷嘴等效过流截面积相当，数模仿真了125 L/min排量下三种方案钻孔工具在沉渣内的钻进情况，对比分析了不同反向喷嘴数量和直径下钻孔工具在沉渣内的钻孔成孔效果，结果如图11所示。

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Figure 11. 图11 不同后向喷嘴布置方案钻孔工具在沉渣内模拟钻孔效果对比图。

由图可以看出，在相同排量条件下，钻孔工具反向喷嘴数量越多、直径越小，形成的反冲射流冲击力越大，对沉渣颗粒的携排能力越强，形成的孔径越大，方案5形成的孔径几乎是方案3孔径的2倍；对比三种方案钻孔效果截面图及数据可以发现，当钻孔工具采用2个后向喷嘴时形成的孔径和孔深都是最小，采用3个反向喷嘴时钻孔深度最大，采用4个后向喷嘴时钻孔深度与3个反向喷嘴时相差不大，形成的孔径最大，但孔眼形态不规则，钻进过程中会增大管柱的摩擦力。因此，钻孔工具设置3个反向喷嘴理论上沉渣内钻进效果更佳。

5．结论

金坛等地区盐穴储气库腔底沉渣是陆相盐层水溶造腔过程中，泥质夹层垮塌、溶蚀后沉降堆积并受长期自重压实形成的不溶碎屑堆积体，整体矿物组分复杂、颗粒级配不均，呈现高孔、高渗、低强度、纵向分层显著等物性特征。

CFD-DEM 耦合数模方法兼顾了流体流场的连续介质特性与沉渣颗粒的离散运动特征，可同步表征钻井液连续流场的水力作用与沉渣颗粒离散碰撞、运移堆积等行为，模拟沉渣内工具旋冲钻进破渣、悬浮携渣全过程动态特征。

排量较低时，沉渣面成孔面积较小，沉渣内钻进效率低、成孔难；随着排量增大，工具前向喷嘴旋流冲击力增大，反向喷嘴反冲推进力增大，沉渣内钻进和携岩能力增强；排量越大，钻孔工具在沉渣面旋冲形成的孔径越大、沉渣内钻进深度越大，但排量增大到一定程度后，钻孔深度的增幅速度变缓、钻效降低；相同排量下，沉渣内钻进深度与工具喷嘴直径大小呈反比，成孔面积与喷嘴直径大小单因素关系不是很明显。

数模仿真结果表明，钻孔工具内置5叶片导流叶轮、后置3个反向喷嘴结构时沉渣内钻进效率更高；采用不同喷嘴组合方案的钻孔工具，在沉渣内高效钻进时均存在最优排量范围，现场钻进时可根据盐腔底部沉渣情况、井况、地面泥浆泵等设备能力进行优选设计。

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APA Style

Lu, J., Zhang, Y., Li, L., Li, J. (2026). Coupling Simulation of Drilling Behavior in Cavity Bottom Sediments of Salt Cavern Gas Storage. Science Research, 14(5), 365-374. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24

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ACS Style

Lu, J.; Zhang, Y.; Li, L.; Li, J. Coupling Simulation of Drilling Behavior in Cavity Bottom Sediments of Salt Cavern Gas Storage. Sci. Res. 2026, 14(5), 365-374. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24

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AMA Style

Lu J, Zhang Y, Li L, Li J. Coupling Simulation of Drilling Behavior in Cavity Bottom Sediments of Salt Cavern Gas Storage. Sci Res. 2026;14(5):365-374. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24

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@article{10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24,
  author = {Jun Lu and Yi Zhang and Luopeng Li and Jun Li},
  title = {Coupling Simulation of Drilling Behavior in Cavity Bottom Sediments of Salt Cavern Gas Storage},
  journal = {Science Research},
  volume = {14},
  number = {5},
  pages = {365-374},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20261405.24},
  abstract = {In terrestrial salt cavern gas storage facilities in regions such as Jintan, China, the development of mud interlayers in the formation causes sediment to accumulate at the bottom of the cavern after water-based dissolution, occupying nearly half of the effective storage capacity. To revitalize the void resources of sediment and optimize the rotary jetting drilling process at the cavern bottom, a CFD-DEM two-way coupled numerical simulation method was adopted. By considering both continuous flow of the drilling fluid and the discrete mechanical characteristics of the sediment particles, a numerical simulation study on rotary jetting drilling within the unlithified sediment of salt cavern was. The results show that: Through the coupled numerical simulation, the full-process dynamic characteristics of sediment particle mobilization, migration, and accumulation during the rotaryting drilling within the sediment can be reproduced, and the influence of different drilling flow rates on the sediment fragmentation efficiency and particle upward migration rate can be quantitatively analyzed. Flow rate and the structure of the drilling tool significantly affect the hole-forming effect of rotary jetting drilling within the sediment. Increasing the flow rate can enlarge the hole and depth, but the increase in drilling efficiency slows down after exceeding a critical value. At the same flow rate, the drilling tool with a small-diameter nozzle exhibits drilling efficiency within the sediment, and the nozzle diameter has a negligible effect on the hole-forming area. The drilling tool configured with a 5- guide impeller and3 rear-mounted reverse nozzles achieves the optimal drilling performance, and different nozzle structures correspond to exclusive optimal construction flow rate intervals. The research findings can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of drilling tools for salt cavity sludge, optimization of construction parameters, and the resource utilization of sludge in salt cavern gas storage facilities in regions such as Jintan.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Coupling Simulation of Drilling Behavior in Cavity Bottom Sediments of Salt Cavern Gas Storage
AU  - Jun Lu
AU  - Yi Zhang
AU  - Luopeng Li
AU  - Jun Li
Y1  - 2026/09/14
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24
DO  - 10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24
T2  - Science Research
JF  - Science Research
JO  - Science Research
SP  - 365
EP  - 374
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0927
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24
AB  - In terrestrial salt cavern gas storage facilities in regions such as Jintan, China, the development of mud interlayers in the formation causes sediment to accumulate at the bottom of the cavern after water-based dissolution, occupying nearly half of the effective storage capacity. To revitalize the void resources of sediment and optimize the rotary jetting drilling process at the cavern bottom, a CFD-DEM two-way coupled numerical simulation method was adopted. By considering both continuous flow of the drilling fluid and the discrete mechanical characteristics of the sediment particles, a numerical simulation study on rotary jetting drilling within the unlithified sediment of salt cavern was. The results show that: Through the coupled numerical simulation, the full-process dynamic characteristics of sediment particle mobilization, migration, and accumulation during the rotaryting drilling within the sediment can be reproduced, and the influence of different drilling flow rates on the sediment fragmentation efficiency and particle upward migration rate can be quantitatively analyzed. Flow rate and the structure of the drilling tool significantly affect the hole-forming effect of rotary jetting drilling within the sediment. Increasing the flow rate can enlarge the hole and depth, but the increase in drilling efficiency slows down after exceeding a critical value. At the same flow rate, the drilling tool with a small-diameter nozzle exhibits drilling efficiency within the sediment, and the nozzle diameter has a negligible effect on the hole-forming area. The drilling tool configured with a 5- guide impeller and3 rear-mounted reverse nozzles achieves the optimal drilling performance, and different nozzle structures correspond to exclusive optimal construction flow rate intervals. The research findings can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of drilling tools for salt cavity sludge, optimization of construction parameters, and the resource utilization of sludge in salt cavern gas storage facilities in regions such as Jintan.
VL  - 14
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Jun Lu

Underground Space Technology Research Institute, PipeChina Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China

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Yi Zhang

Oil and Gas Production Engineering Research Institute, PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing, China

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http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6445-9326
Luopeng Li

School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China

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Jun Li

Oil and Gas Production Engineering Research Institute, PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing, China

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Figure 1

Figure 1. 图 1 盐岩样品水不溶物沉渣堆积物粒度分布图。
Figure 2

Figure 2. 图 2 盐腔不成岩残渣内高效钻孔工具。
Figure 3

Figure 3. 图 3 EDEM离散元物理模型。
Figure 4

Figure 4. 图 4 Fluent流体域物理模型及其网格划分图。
Figure 5

Figure 5. 图 5 流体域边界条件。
Figure 6

Figure 6. 图 6 钻孔工具沉渣内旋冲钻进耦合模拟过程示意图。
Figure 7

Figure 7. 图 7 方案1钻孔工具不同排量下沉渣内模拟钻孔效果对比图。
Figure 8

Figure 8. 图 8 方案2钻孔工具不同排量下沉渣内模拟钻孔效果对比图。
Figure 9

Figure 9. 图 9 不同钻孔工具125L/min排量下沉渣内模拟钻孔效果对比图。
Figure 10

Figure 10. 图 10 钻孔工具不同导流叶轮结构下沉渣内模拟钻孔效果对比图。
Figure 11

Figure 11. 图 11 不同后向喷嘴布置方案钻孔工具在沉渣内模拟钻孔效果对比图。

Table 1

表1 不同工况下盐腔沉渣核心强度参数表。
Table 2

表2 钻孔工具不同结构设计方案参数表。
Table 3

表3 离散元求解器数模参数设置。
Table 4

表4 计算流体力学求解器数模参数设置。

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Lu, J., Zhang, Y., Li, L., Li, J. (2026). Coupling Simulation of Drilling Behavior in Cavity Bottom Sediments of Salt Cavern Gas Storage. Science Research, 14(5), 365-374. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24

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ACS Style

Lu, J.; Zhang, Y.; Li, L.; Li, J. Coupling Simulation of Drilling Behavior in Cavity Bottom Sediments of Salt Cavern Gas Storage. Sci. Res. 2026, 14(5), 365-374. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24

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AMA Style

Lu J, Zhang Y, Li L, Li J. Coupling Simulation of Drilling Behavior in Cavity Bottom Sediments of Salt Cavern Gas Storage. Sci Res. 2026;14(5):365-374. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24

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@article{10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24,
  author = {Jun Lu and Yi Zhang and Luopeng Li and Jun Li},
  title = {Coupling Simulation of Drilling Behavior in Cavity Bottom Sediments of Salt Cavern Gas Storage},
  journal = {Science Research},
  volume = {14},
  number = {5},
  pages = {365-374},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20261405.24},
  abstract = {In terrestrial salt cavern gas storage facilities in regions such as Jintan, China, the development of mud interlayers in the formation causes sediment to accumulate at the bottom of the cavern after water-based dissolution, occupying nearly half of the effective storage capacity. To revitalize the void resources of sediment and optimize the rotary jetting drilling process at the cavern bottom, a CFD-DEM two-way coupled numerical simulation method was adopted. By considering both continuous flow of the drilling fluid and the discrete mechanical characteristics of the sediment particles, a numerical simulation study on rotary jetting drilling within the unlithified sediment of salt cavern was. The results show that: Through the coupled numerical simulation, the full-process dynamic characteristics of sediment particle mobilization, migration, and accumulation during the rotaryting drilling within the sediment can be reproduced, and the influence of different drilling flow rates on the sediment fragmentation efficiency and particle upward migration rate can be quantitatively analyzed. Flow rate and the structure of the drilling tool significantly affect the hole-forming effect of rotary jetting drilling within the sediment. Increasing the flow rate can enlarge the hole and depth, but the increase in drilling efficiency slows down after exceeding a critical value. At the same flow rate, the drilling tool with a small-diameter nozzle exhibits drilling efficiency within the sediment, and the nozzle diameter has a negligible effect on the hole-forming area. The drilling tool configured with a 5- guide impeller and3 rear-mounted reverse nozzles achieves the optimal drilling performance, and different nozzle structures correspond to exclusive optimal construction flow rate intervals. The research findings can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of drilling tools for salt cavity sludge, optimization of construction parameters, and the resource utilization of sludge in salt cavern gas storage facilities in regions such as Jintan.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Coupling Simulation of Drilling Behavior in Cavity Bottom Sediments of Salt Cavern Gas Storage
AU  - Jun Lu
AU  - Yi Zhang
AU  - Luopeng Li
AU  - Jun Li
Y1  - 2026/09/14
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24
DO  - 10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24
T2  - Science Research
JF  - Science Research
JO  - Science Research
SP  - 365
EP  - 374
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0927
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.24
AB  - In terrestrial salt cavern gas storage facilities in regions such as Jintan, China, the development of mud interlayers in the formation causes sediment to accumulate at the bottom of the cavern after water-based dissolution, occupying nearly half of the effective storage capacity. To revitalize the void resources of sediment and optimize the rotary jetting drilling process at the cavern bottom, a CFD-DEM two-way coupled numerical simulation method was adopted. By considering both continuous flow of the drilling fluid and the discrete mechanical characteristics of the sediment particles, a numerical simulation study on rotary jetting drilling within the unlithified sediment of salt cavern was. The results show that: Through the coupled numerical simulation, the full-process dynamic characteristics of sediment particle mobilization, migration, and accumulation during the rotaryting drilling within the sediment can be reproduced, and the influence of different drilling flow rates on the sediment fragmentation efficiency and particle upward migration rate can be quantitatively analyzed. Flow rate and the structure of the drilling tool significantly affect the hole-forming effect of rotary jetting drilling within the sediment. Increasing the flow rate can enlarge the hole and depth, but the increase in drilling efficiency slows down after exceeding a critical value. At the same flow rate, the drilling tool with a small-diameter nozzle exhibits drilling efficiency within the sediment, and the nozzle diameter has a negligible effect on the hole-forming area. The drilling tool configured with a 5- guide impeller and3 rear-mounted reverse nozzles achieves the optimal drilling performance, and different nozzle structures correspond to exclusive optimal construction flow rate intervals. The research findings can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of drilling tools for salt cavity sludge, optimization of construction parameters, and the resource utilization of sludge in salt cavern gas storage facilities in regions such as Jintan.
VL  - 14
IS  - 5
ER  -

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