Tog-Noma Patricia Emma Bontogho*,Michelline Marie Regina Kansole,Mercy Apuswin Abarike,Mamounata Kabore
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
116-123
Received:
29 September 2024
Accepted:
21 October 2024
Published:
12 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.wros.20241305.11
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Abstract: Drought is a significant natural hazard particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where water resources management is already challenging. Burkina Faso, a landlocked country located in the Sahel region, is highly vulnerable to drought due to its arid climate. The country has experienced recurrent droughts since the 1970s, with significant impacts on its population and economy. To develop effective drought mitigation strategies, a comprehensive understanding of drought characteristics is required. This study investigates historical long-term drought trends in the Massili basin located in central Burkina Faso. For this purpose, drought features has been analyzed based on the Effective Reconnaissance Drought Index (eRDI) at various months of accumulation. To calculate the Effective Reconnaissance Drought Index for the Massili Basin, monthly precipitation (Prct), minimum temperature (Tmin), and maximum temperature (Tmax) data spanning from 1960 to 2021 were obtained from the National Meteorological Agency of Burkina Faso. The Potential evapotranspiration (ETP) was estimated using the Hargreaves method. Our findings indicate that under eRDI-3, 1964 (1.86), 2020 (1.53), and 2021 (0.63) are the wettest years, while 1963 (-0.65) and 1998 (-0.76) are the driest. Under eRDI-12, a significant portion of the values falls within the range of -0.14 to 0.03. In the case of eRDI-24, a substantial number of the values cluster between -0.08 and 0.08. This distribution highlights near-normal drought conditions (-0.99 to 0.99) as the most frequent occurrence within the watershed. The desertification of the Sahel area has been a topic of discussion for decades. However, these findings of this study reinforce the prevailing belief in a partial re-greening of the Sahel region.
Abstract: Drought is a significant natural hazard particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where water resources management is already challenging. Burkina Faso, a landlocked country located in the Sahel region, is highly vulnerable to drought due to its arid climate. The country has experienced recurrent droughts since the 1970s, with significant impacts ...Show More
Abstract: The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of photocatalyst (Clay/UV/TiO2/ZnO) for antibiotic removal from real pharmaceutical wastewater by Combined ultraviolet (UV), Catalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation process. The experiments were performed in a modified hybrid batch reactor with UV-C lamp. The effect of four operational variables such as the applied voltage of (5-15 V), ozone dose of (0.2- 0.8 mg/min), pH (5-10), and catalyst dose (0.5- 1.5 g/L) on turbidity and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was investigated. Removal efficiencies of antibiotics (carbamazepine and amoxicillin) were evaluated and compared with ozonation (O3), photocatalytic Ozonation (UV/O3), Electroflucculation (EF)/UV, catalytic ozonation/UV, and Hybrid O3/catalytic ozonation/UV/EF. The results showed that the modified hybrid process with UV irradiations provided the highest removal efficiency of 86.9% for COD, and turbidity of 81.66% under optimized conditions of (DC volts of 10 V; catalyst dose of 1 g/L, and ozone dose of 0.6 mg/min). The pharmaceuticals removal obtained for amoxicillin was 100% and 95% for carbamazepine. The detailed mechanism was also explored for better understanding of each process. The combined process was effective for treating pharmaceutical wastewater. Therefore, it was suggested that the novel photocatalyst and hybrid system can be used for treating real effluents in large scale and to meet (United nations) UN sustainability goals.
Abstract: The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of photocatalyst (Clay/UV/TiO2/ZnO) for antibiotic removal from real pharmaceutical wastewater by Combined ultraviolet (UV), Catalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation process. The experiments were performed in a modified hybrid batch reactor with UV-C lamp. The effect of four operational variables such ...Show More