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Review Article
Contribution of Beekeeping for Job Creation and Poverty Alleviation in Ethiopia
Mekuanint Tadilo*
,
Habtie Ambaw
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
147-153
Received:
7 September 2024
Accepted:
31 October 2024
Published:
22 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20241206.11
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Abstract: The production of foodstuffs, the care of animals, agricultural products, and the preservation of natural resources may all be combined with beekeeping, an environmentally friendly activity. It's easy to integrate with other everyday tasks because it isn't a labor-intensive activity. Given the current state of the economy, it is improbable that farmers did not set aside land for the cultivation of bee flora and/or beekeeping. Following technological intervention in the watershed, the main crops planted there were maize (24.6%), teff (21%), wheat (15.1%), potatoes (20%), and beekeeping (19.8%). These contributed significantly to the watershed's overall economic output. The survey results also showed some of the benefits that the beekeeping industry has to offer, including increased income, better access to nutritional values (honey consumption by family members directly leads to improved feeding habits), improved access to livestock development (buying cows and oxen), ability to pay off debt and save money, purchase of household goods, construction of houses in towns, and similar benefits. All of these show that beekeeping is helping farmers support their way of life. Therefore, the government should support policies that encourage self-employment opportunities in off-farm activities like beekeeping, value chain development, agricultural service provision, and agribusiness activities in order to increase beekeeping productivity and reduce poverty and create jobs. However, it is believed that one million farm households utilize traditional, intermediate, and contemporary hive production methods in their beekeeping businesses. In Ethiopia there are two harvesting seasons for beeswax and honey from October to November and from April to June based on the presence of flowering crops and the potential flowering ability of Eucalyptus tree, respectively. A significant amount of honey is sold in Ethiopia to generate revenue in domestic and export markets.
Abstract: The production of foodstuffs, the care of animals, agricultural products, and the preservation of natural resources may all be combined with beekeeping, an environmentally friendly activity. It's easy to integrate with other everyday tasks because it isn't a labor-intensive activity. Given the current state of the economy, it is improbable that far...
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Research Article
Can Supplementation with the Cow Start Complete Bolus Result in Elevated Blood Calcium Status in a Group of At-Risk Dairy Cows During the First Four Days of Lactation
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
154-160
Received:
17 October 2024
Accepted:
30 October 2024
Published:
26 November 2024
Abstract: The prophylactic supplementation of freshly calved multiparous cows with oral calcium supplements (bolus, drink, drench, paste) has increased in popularity in recent years. Oral calcium supplements are generally only effective for 12 hours, yet the high-risk period for hypocalcaemia in freshly calved multiparous cows is 48 hours post-partum. Therefore, a second application 12 hours post-partum is suggested by manufacturers, yet due to labour shortages on dairy farms, it is very common for the second application to not be carried out. The objectives of this study were to ascertain if a the administration of a single dose of the sustained release bolus (Cow Start Complete, Anchor Life Science, Co. Cork, Ireland) given to the cow at calving, could offer the combined benefits of elevated calcium status over the first 48 hours post-partum from a labour efficient single dose given at calving and also to evaluate if this enhanced calcium status could have a positive effect on daily rumination time and milk production yields in the first three months of lactation. The two groups consisted of an un-supplemented control (CON) group and a Cow Start Complete (CSC) group in which cows were given a single bolus dose at the point of calving. The CON group experienced a clinical milk fever (Blood Ca <1.5mmol/L) incidence rate of 13.3% compared to 0% for the CSC group. Cows given the CSC treatment had significantly (P<0.0001) higher total blood calcium levels (2.14 mmol/L) from the point of calving (0h) to 4 days post-partum (96h) compared to CON (1.98mmol/L), with significant increases at 12h (P<0.01), 24h (P<0.001) and 36h (P<0.01) post-partum. Rumination time for CSC cows (471mins/day) was significantly (P<0.05) higher during the first 14 days post-partum when compared to CON (434mins/day) group. Milk production was also significantly (P<0.01) higher for CSC cows (+1.8kg/day) than in CON cows during the first 90 days of lactation. These findings demonstrate that the convenience of giving a single dose of CSC at calving, can be combined with desired outcomes in a range of key benefits in freshly calved multiparous cows.
Abstract: The prophylactic supplementation of freshly calved multiparous cows with oral calcium supplements (bolus, drink, drench, paste) has increased in popularity in recent years. Oral calcium supplements are generally only effective for 12 hours, yet the high-risk period for hypocalcaemia in freshly calved multiparous cows is 48 hours post-partum. Theref...
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Research Article
Major Feed Resources for Small Ruminant and Traditional Feding Practice in Bursa District of Sidama Region, Ethiopia
Kedir Adem*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
161-170
Received:
16 November 2024
Accepted:
27 November 2024
Published:
23 December 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20241206.13
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Abstract: The study was conducted in Bursa districts of the highland areas of Sidama region to Evaluate traditional fattening practice, and availability of major feed resources for small ruminants. For the survey, 92 households were randomly selected by using multi-stage purpose sampling techniques. The survey data were collected on fattening practices, feed availability and constraints related to small ruminant fattening by using structured questionnaires’, field observation, focal group discussion and key informant interviews. Secondary information was obtained from respective districts of livestock development offices. According to the results this study, the major sources of small ruminant for fattening were obtained through purchasing (63.9%) followed by own at home (36.1%) and majority of the farmers fatten small ruminant twice within a year (47%) in 4-6 months (63%). The major available feed resources for small ruminant in the study area were natural pasture, Desho grass, bamboo leaf, enset leaf and barely straw. According to most respondents, the shortage of feed occurred from January to March, While, July to October was considered as months with ample feed resources.
Abstract: The study was conducted in Bursa districts of the highland areas of Sidama region to Evaluate traditional fattening practice, and availability of major feed resources for small ruminants. For the survey, 92 households were randomly selected by using multi-stage purpose sampling techniques. The survey data were collected on fattening practices, feed...
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Research Article
Construction of Recombinant Protein of Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain and Analysis of Cleavage Effect on VAMP1 Protein in Brown Rat
Li Shengqing*,
Han Shengyi,
Li Shuping,
Hu Guoyuan,
Liu Huaixing,
Li Lingxia,
Shi Tian,
Zhang Shinan
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
171-176
Received:
7 January 2021
Accepted:
16 January 2021
Published:
31 December 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20241206.14
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Abstract: In order to explore the feasibility of the new rodenticide of type D Botulinum toxin to prevent and control the population density of pests in farmland from a molecular perspective. This study aimed to analyze the feasibility of D-type botulinum toxin for the control of urban rodents from a molecular perspective, and to detect the cleavage effect of D-type botulinum neurotoxin light chain recombinant protein on the synaptic vesicle membrane protein VAMP-1 of brown house mouse. The genomic DNA of Clostridium botulinum D 8901 strain was used as a template. Based on the botulinum toxin D gene sequence reported in GenBank, specific primers were designed. Plasmids were constructed by gene synthesis and subcloned into the pET28a expression vector. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into BL21 (DE3) Rosetta competent cells, and induced expression by IPTG. The expression products were purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, and the recombinant proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The cleavage of VAMP1 protein in SD brown house mouse. The pET-28a- BDLc expression plasmid was successfully constructed and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) Rosetta. Western blot confirmed that the recombinant protein pET-28a- BDLc (residues Met 1-Met 94) obtained soluble expression, and obtained 5 mg, Recombinant protein with purity > 90%. It has good biological activity as determined by animal method. The recombinant protein can decompose VAMP1 protein into two fragments. Type D botulinum toxin protein can specifically cleave synaptic vesicle membrane protein (VAMP1) of brown house mouse, and type D botulinum toxin is feasible for urban rodent control.
Abstract: In order to explore the feasibility of the new rodenticide of type D Botulinum toxin to prevent and control the population density of pests in farmland from a molecular perspective. This study aimed to analyze the feasibility of D-type botulinum toxin for the control of urban rodents from a molecular perspective, and to detect the cleavage effect o...
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