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Research Article
Haricot Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Adaptation Trial in Buno Bedele and Ilu Ababor Zones, South West Oromia
Garoma Firdisa*,
Mohammed Tesiso,
Gebeyehu Chala
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
174-181
Received:
24 April 2023
Accepted:
16 October 2024
Published:
11 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20241206.11
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Abstract: Haricot bean is one of the most economically important pulse crops cultivated in Ethiopia. However, its average yield reported at national level remains far below the potential yield to be attained. This is partly due to low soil fertility management, inappropriate agronomic packages and diseases and pest problems and lack of improved varieties. Hence, this experiment was conducted with the objectives of to test the performance of released improved Haricot bean varieties on yield and yield related components and Insect and disease resistant varieties for the study at Western parts of Oromia. The experiment was conducted in Buno Bedele (D/Hana) and Ilu Ababor (Bure) districts during 2020 to 2021 cropping season. Nine (9) improved Haricot bean varieties were used as testing materials. The experimental design was RCBD with three replications. Data were collected on six quantitative morphological traits like days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of seed per pod, pod length and grain yields. Analyses of data revealed significant varietal differences (P<0.05) in grain yield, days to 50% flowering, days to 95% maturity, seed per pod and for plant height. However, no significant varietal differences were observed in Number of pods per plant. SER 119 and SER 125 varieties were significantly yielder than the rest and recommended as promising variety under the study area. Therefore, these two varieties are recommended for demonstration and further scaling up.
Abstract: Haricot bean is one of the most economically important pulse crops cultivated in Ethiopia. However, its average yield reported at national level remains far below the potential yield to be attained. This is partly due to low soil fertility management, inappropriate agronomic packages and diseases and pest problems and lack of improved varieties. He...
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Research Article
The Effect of Variety and Fungicide Application on Yellow Rust (Pucciniastriiformisf.sptritici) Disease of Bread Wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in East Gojjam, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
182-190
Received:
11 September 2024
Accepted:
8 October 2024
Published:
11 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20241206.12
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Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate effects of bread wheat variety and fungicide application on yellow rust epidemics under natural field conditions at Debre Markos University research site, East Gojjam Zone in the main cropping season of 2021/2022 year. Three different fungicides (Tilt (25EC), Natura (250 EW), and Takeoff (293 SC) including fungicide unsprayed combined with five improved wheat varieties (Honkolo, Wane, Liben, Lemu and Kakaba) were used in the experiment and the experiment was laid out in RCBD design with factorial arrangement and replicated three time. Disease data’s (severity, AUDPC, incidence and grain yield were recorded. The maximum disease incidence (100 %), initial and final disease severity (39.75 at 57 DAP and 66.66% at 78 DAP) and AUDPC (1770.71 %-day) recorded from fungicide unsprayed plot on Honkolo variety. But the lowest disease incidence (1.50 %), initial and final severity (1.89 % at 57 DAP and 2.36 % at 78 DAP) and AUDPC (78.93 % - day) were recorded from the combination of Liben variety with Natura (250% EW) fungicide treatment. Moreover, the maximum grain yield (6.00 t/ha) was obtained from combination of Kakaba variety and Natura (250 EW) fungicide treatment plot. While the minimum yield (3.00 t/ha) was recorded from fungicide unsprayed Honkolo variety. Natura (250 EW) fungicide sprayed varieties were effective to against yellow rust and gave the highest values of yield over unsprayed plots and other fungicides application. However, Combination of Kakaba variety and Natura (250 EW) fungicide application was more feasible than other treatments.
Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate effects of bread wheat variety and fungicide application on yellow rust epidemics under natural field conditions at Debre Markos University research site, East Gojjam Zone in the main cropping season of 2021/2022 year. Three different fungicides (Tilt (25EC), Natura (250 EW), and Takeoff (293 SC) including fungic...
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Research Article
Fumigation Effect on the Mycorrhizal Status, the Mycorrhizal Diversity and the Roots System Development of Strawberry in Morocco
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
191-198
Received:
27 September 2024
Accepted:
22 October 2024
Published:
12 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20241206.13
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Abstract: This study was undertaken to evaluate the fumigation effect on the mycorrhization status of strawberry roots, the diversity of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of strawberry and the roots system development of strawberry. Two parcels were taken randomly in the perimeter of Loukkos with fumigated one. For each parcel, samples of strawberry’s rhizosphere soil were taken regularly all over the cycle of culture. The mycorrhization parameters (mycorrhizal frequency, mycorrhizal intensity, arbuscular content, vesicular content and spores number) were calculated using Phillips and Hayman technique according to the scale of Trouvelot. An identification of spores was made according to the key International culture collection of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (INVAM). The frequency of the apparition of genera and species of spores at the sites were calculated. The roots system development was evaluated with the visual analogical scale (VAS: 0-100 mm). All the parameters were compared between the two parcels. Results showed that Mycorrhizal frequency, the number of spores and the roots system development between fumigated soil and non-fumigated one were respectively ((99.3 ± 2.8 vs. 100); (69 ± 12.3 vs. 137.5 ± 47.8); (23.8 ± 9.6 vs. 63.1 ± 21.6)). Six genera with nine species were identified and three undefined. Glomus genera were the dominant. In multivariate analysis, the roots system development was dependant to the fumigation status (yes/no), the vesicular content and the mycorrhization frequency. The roots system development was dependant to the fumigation status (yes/no) and spores number. As conclusion, this study suggests that the fumigation has a significant effect on the mycorrhization colonisation of roots, diversity of AMF and roots system development of strawberry.
Abstract: This study was undertaken to evaluate the fumigation effect on the mycorrhization status of strawberry roots, the diversity of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of strawberry and the roots system development of strawberry. Two parcels were taken randomly in the perimeter of Loukkos with fumigated one. For each parcel, sampl...
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Research Article
Piper guineensis Extract in Maize-soybean, Maize-okra Intercropping Systems: Its Role in Mitigating Maize (Zea mays) Pests and Boosting Soil Fertility
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
199-211
Received:
22 February 2024
Accepted:
12 March 2024
Published:
12 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20241206.14
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Abstract: Maize (Zea mays) is an important staple grown worldwide including Cameroon, for its carbohydrate rich grains in addition to minerals and vitamins, therefore providing food for human consumption, and fodder for livestock. Production in Cameroon especially Buea which is the main hub is constraint by several factors among them, pests including the Fall Army Worm (FAW), Snail (Limicolaria sp.) and soil infertility are of high importance. The use of botanicals has been successful in mitigating pests on crops while intercropping economic crops with legumes increases soil fertility. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the efficacy of extract of Piper guineense on maize-okra, and maize-soybean intercropped on the incidence and severity of these pests and soil primary macronutrients. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with six treatments replicated three times at the Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea. FAW, snail incidence and severity, maize grain weight, and soil primary macronutrients were recorded. Data collected was subjected to statistical analysis (P< 0.05). FAW and snail incidence and severity differed significantly (P<0.05). FAW incidence was highest in the control (69.2%) and lowest in Maize + soybean + Piper (21.8%) while snail was highest in control (62.8%) and lowest in Maize + soybean + Piper (15.4%). The severity of fall armyworm was highest in control (41.3%) and lowest in Maize + soybean + Piper (12.7%), while that of snail was highest in control (18%) and lowest in Maize + soybean + Piper (4.3%). The maize grain yield differed significantly (P<0.05), with the highest in Maize + soybean + Piper (5.2 t/ha) and lowest in Maize + okra (2.8 t/ha). Total nitrogen differed significantly with the highest in Maize + soybean + Piper (0.19%) and lowest in Maize + okra (0.13%). Maize yield was positively correlated with total nitrogen (r = 0.77) and negatively correlated with maize pests (r = -0.73 for FAW, r = -0.76 for snail). Thus maize-soybean intercropping using Piper as insecticide is of high importance and a good sustainable alternative to synthetic inputs for maize pest control, optimizing primary macronutrient and maize yield.
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays) is an important staple grown worldwide including Cameroon, for its carbohydrate rich grains in addition to minerals and vitamins, therefore providing food for human consumption, and fodder for livestock. Production in Cameroon especially Buea which is the main hub is constraint by several factors among them, pests including the Fal...
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Research Article
Correlation and Path Analysis of Seed Yield and Yield Components in Some Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes
Askalech Bekele*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
212-218
Received:
30 September 2024
Accepted:
29 October 2024
Published:
22 November 2024
Abstract: Due to hereditary causes of correlations through pleiotropic action or developmental interactions of genes, associations of traits are crucial in breeding and genetic studies. These associations also yield trustworthy information about the type, degree, and directions of selection. The experiment was conducted in 8 x 8 simple lattice design during the 2021 main cropping season at Assosa Agricultural Research Center, western Ethiopia to determine the interrelationship among the traits and know the direct and indirect effects on the yield of 64 sesame genotypes based on 15 quantitative traits. For the majority of the traits under study, the results indicated a large variation in genotypes. This suggests that there is enough variation among various genotypes for the majority of the significant traits. Except for internode length and capsule length, the correlation result showed that seed yield had highly significant positive correlations with 12 quantitative traits and negative correlations with the bacterial blight disease severity. The number of capsules per plant, days to maturity, and seeds per plant all revealed a strong direct impact on seed yield. These traits also had indirect or direct effects on oil content, so increasing seed yield also increased oil content through those traits.
Abstract: Due to hereditary causes of correlations through pleiotropic action or developmental interactions of genes, associations of traits are crucial in breeding and genetic studies. These associations also yield trustworthy information about the type, degree, and directions of selection. The experiment was conducted in 8 x 8 simple lattice design during ...
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Review Article
Ecological Consequences of Invasive Weeds: Zimbabwean Experience: A Review
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
219-227
Received:
9 October 2024
Accepted:
4 November 2024
Published:
26 November 2024
Abstract: Invasive weeds may be defined as troublesome or unsightly plants growing in abundance in both upland and aquatic situations where they are not wanted. The establishment of invasive species cause elevated destruction of waterways, disrupted fire regimes, and the loss of biodiversity in many natural and agrarian ecosystems. Tithonia diversifolia is one of the largest, aggressive colonizers especially in sun-exposed abandoned sites. The impact of this weed result in economic loss through controlling and abandonment of agrarian land. The menace of Tithonia diversifolia is reaching alarming proportions in many parts of the world, especially in Zimbabwe where they have led to serious ecological and economic losses. Invasion of both upland and aquatic ecosystem by weeds, has undergone serious ecological changes including over-exploitation of its natural resources and land degradation of both agrarian and natural ecosystem, and invasion by Tithonia diversifolia among others. Tithonia diversifolia The presence of the invasive weed was viewed as a universal threat to crop farming and ranching enterprises because invasive weeds alter forage quantity or quality for livestock and therefore reduce net revenue. The invasive nature of T diversifolia, its ability to produce a large biomass and possession of an extensive root system has made it a good candidate for remediation of polluted environments. This invasive weed has been implicated in allelopathy as it produces a myriad of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins and terpenoids there by creating its novel niche. Tithonia diversifolia after Invasive weeds have the potential for exploitation animal feed, human food, soil additives, fuel production, wastewater treatment, source of raw materials and habitat to many organisms. This paper reviews the ecological consequences of invasive weeds with examples from some selected fields and special reference to Tithonia diversifolia.
Abstract: Invasive weeds may be defined as troublesome or unsightly plants growing in abundance in both upland and aquatic situations where they are not wanted. The establishment of invasive species cause elevated destruction of waterways, disrupted fire regimes, and the loss of biodiversity in many natural and agrarian ecosystems. Tithonia diversifolia is o...
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Research Article
Determination of Critical Period of Weed-Crop Competition in Malt Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in North Showa Zone, Central Ethiopia
Zenebech Bizualew*,
Getachew Mekonnen,
Getahun Alemayehu
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
228-243
Received:
10 December 2021
Accepted:
5 February 2022
Published:
28 November 2024
Abstract: Weeds are the principal limiting biological factor in national barley production, with losses that vary from region to region, depending on the cultivation system, predominant weed communities and weed control methods employed by the farmers. Therefore, field experiment was conducted under rain fed conditions in 2017 cropping season to determine the critical period of Weed-Crop Competition in malt barely (Hordeum vulgareL.) at Debre Birhan University in North Showa Zone, Central highlands of Ethiopia. A total of eighteen treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments consisted of increasing duration of weedy and weed-free set each consisted weed competition and weed-free durations up to 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 days after crop emergence (DAE) were compared with two checks namely completely weedy and weed free up to harvest. The major weed families competing vigorously with barley were Compositae and Gramineae and Cyperaceae. According to the current study, the weed density and weed dry weight were decreased, whereas crop parameters like the number of days required to reach heading of barely, the number of days required to reach physiological maturity, number of seed per spike, spike length, thousand seed weight, aboveground dry biomass, grain yield and harvesting index of crop were highly increased, with increasing duration of weed-free periods. The highest yield loss due to weed competition from the weedy check treatment of barely as compared to weed free check. Uncontrolled weed growth significantly reduced barely grain yield by 70.38% compared to the grain yield obtained from the weed-free check plots. The beginning and the end of critical period of weed crop competition were based on 5 and 10 % acceptable yield loss levels, which were determined by fitting logistic and Gompertz equations to relative yield data, representing increasing duration of weed-interference and weed-free periods. In conclusion, the results of the study revealed that, to reduce the loss in the grain yield of barley by more than 10% and higher economic return, it is important to keep the crop weed-free between 33 to 49 days after crop emergence (639 to 1049 GDD) at Debre Berhan.
Abstract: Weeds are the principal limiting biological factor in national barley production, with losses that vary from region to region, depending on the cultivation system, predominant weed communities and weed control methods employed by the farmers. Therefore, field experiment was conducted under rain fed conditions in 2017 cropping season to determine th...
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