-
Research Article
Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli in Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections: A Literature Review
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, December 2026
Pages:
25-31
Received:
18 April 2026
Accepted:
18 June 2026
Published:
28 July 2026
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance represents one of the most serious global public health threats, and in pediatric care, it poses a growing challenge in the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs), where Escherichia coli is the most frequently identified pathogen. This literature review aimed to analyze recent scientific evidence on the antibiotic resistance patterns of E. coli in pediatric UTIs, in order to identify trends that may guide clinical practice and prevention strategies. A structured bibliographic search was conducted in three databases—PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar—covering the period between 2019 and 2024. A total of 23 studies were selected, including original articles and narrative reviews, that met the following inclusion criteria: population under 18 years of age, microbiologically confirmed diagnosis, and full-text availability. The reviewed literature revealed a high prevalence of resistance to commonly used antibiotics in clinical practice, such as ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with significant geographic variation. In contrast, carbapenems such as meropenem and imipenem exhibited low resistance rates, positioning them as effective therapeutic options for complicated clinical cases. Moreover, multidrug-resistant strains were reported in several countries, increasing the complexity of empirical treatment approaches. These findings underscore the urgent need to strengthen microbiological surveillance systems, regularly update pediatric clinical guidelines, and promote the rational use of antimicrobials. The review also highlights the importance of generating local evidence in Latin America, given the limited number of regional studies, to better inform empirical therapy and improve clinical outcomes in pediatric populations affected by urinary tract infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli.
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance represents one of the most serious global public health threats, and in pediatric care, it poses a growing challenge in the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs), where Escherichia coli is the most frequently identified pathogen. This literature review aimed to analyze recent scientific evidence on the antibiotic res...
Show More
-
Research Article
Development of Lozenges from Fruit Extract of Balanites aegyptiaca (L) Delile (Zygophyllaceae) for the Treatment of Occasional Constipation
Ouedraogo Salfo*
,
Traore Tata Kadiatou,
Boly Abdoul Gilchrist Laurent,
Tapsoba Angelina Carine,
Millogo Jacqueline Olivia,
Atchade Bolade Constantin,
Kabore Donacienne,
Traore Safiatou,
Goumbri Wendinmi Bertrand Florent,
Traore Aristide,
Ouedraogo Sylvin,
Semde Rasmane
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, December 2026
Pages:
32-41
Received:
26 June 2026
Accepted:
16 July 2026
Published:
10 August 2026
Abstract: Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. is a plant whose fruit pulp is traditionally used to treat constipation. They possess inherent laxative properties. This study aimed to improve upon the traditional method of use by developing lozenges with these laxative properties. An infusion was performed, and the physicochemical characteristics of the lyophilized extract were determined. The lozenges were formulated from the extract, and their quality and laxative efficacy in vivo were controlled in NMRI strain mice. The extract was yellow, had a bitter-sweet taste, a characteristic smell, and a fine texture. The pH was 5.56, and the RMC was 1.16%. The powder was highly hygroscopic, and the extraction yield was 33.71%, with a saponoside content of 2.76 μgED/mg. Fifteen (15) formulations were prepared, and formulation F7 was selected for the incorporation of the extract. The F7 was yellow, sweet, with an uncharacteristic odor and a hard appearance. The lozenges were uniform (1.95±0.04 g), with an average pH of 5.85±0.07 and a saponoside content of 2.01±0.26 μgED/mg. The lozenges had an accelerated intestinal transit percentage of 75.74±3.22%, comparable to that of the extract (78.10±4.32%) and castor oil (81.84±9.46%). After slowing down transit with loperamide (45.24±2.38%), the lozenges (60.84±7.13%) brought the percentage close to normal transit (65.94±3.33%). This study highlighted the laxative efficacy of lozenges made from Balanites aegyptiaca fruit pulp extract.
Abstract: Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. is a plant whose fruit pulp is traditionally used to treat constipation. They possess inherent laxative properties. This study aimed to improve upon the traditional method of use by developing lozenges with these laxative properties. An infusion was performed, and the physicochemical characteristics of the lyophilized...
Show More
-
Research Article
InSilico Jargons~ Discussions & Amplification: Relationing with Colo Rectal Cancer
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, December 2026
Pages:
42-55
Received:
11 July 2026
Accepted:
30 July 2026
Published:
2 September 2026
Abstract: Background: Computational drug alias InSilico studies have become popular & dependable research planks. Basic & multi-disciplinary scientific-&-technical jargons are used aplenty. Clinicians of all levels & support resource persons are evincing interest to grasp. InSilico is a vague-bogus-Anglo-Latin term meaning ‘experiments using computer platforms only’ wherein ‘platform’ means ‘software-&-hardware’. Problem: Computer involves all the sciences butted-&-bounded by humanities processed-&-packaged logically gets to be jargon full. Oncology also uses jargons and in InSilico either set of jargons converge. Jargons have remained unexplained and are mostly not understood; some at clinical level remaining incomprehensible completely. Regulators & all stake holders expect clinicians, practitioners, et al., to gradually grasp. Therefore, simple, lucid pedagogic & heuristic method is very necessary. There is no document that deals with InSilico jargons. Absence creates bottleneck between the (i) clinical query-&-the answer (ii) social-&-market needs and the effulgent researcher (iii) superfluous use of jargons sans a sense i.e., style ~ which makes lecture ‘Great’. Objective: Use popular science model language to de-mystify all such jargons; and the ramification of use with ignorance and post grasp. Produce a ‘Teaching Paper’. Results: Lipinski’s Rule of 5 the corner stone of Computational drug discovery has been critically explained sequentially. Related jargons are amplified, elaborated & explained as independent sub-heading with background information. Thereafter, have been correlated with human gut geneTNIK (DNA) which is related to colo-rectal cancer (CRC). InSilico outcomes have been elaborated-correlated-and process of justification explanation has been attempted with. The APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients) of the five most popular chemotherapy’s drugs that are used in CRC (Capecitabine; Irinotecan; 5-FU; Taxen & Carboplatin) have been co-related; tabulated, discussed & explained. TNIK-&-APIs have been tabulated in inter-connected manner with sequence & logic in verse & tabulated. Mathematical interaction between CRC pathology’s gene AND well known (non monoclonal) penta therapeutic APIs have been elucidated. Atoms; ions; energy; dimensions & Bio-physics at nano & pico scales has been attempted in verse; in Tables ‘row-&-column wise’ with multi-disciplinary uncenates which generates a illuminating ‘column-row cross talk’ for easy grasping by clinicians and patients (all stake holders). Conclusion: Scientific terms involve long syntaxes & polysyllables. Jargons reduce them to mono phones, thus are here to stay. Computational Studies - Pathogenic Genes - leading to API Discovery are high end complex multi-disciplinary sciences loaded with cutting edge terms with versatile moors in fundamental and emerging sciences. Thus attempted 1st conjoined teaching use of verse-&-tables vis-à-vis CRC & APIs with jargon demystified. ‘Science-made-simple’.
Abstract: Background: Computational drug alias InSilico studies have become popular & dependable research planks. Basic & multi-disciplinary scientific-&-technical jargons are used aplenty. Clinicians of all levels & support resource persons are evincing interest to grasp. InSilico is a vague-bogus-Anglo-Latin term meaning ‘experiments using computer platfor...
Show More
