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Conflicts of Identity – How Counsellors Practice CBT 5 Years Post Qualification
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
42-50
Received:
14 February 2022
Accepted:
3 March 2022
Published:
12 March 2022
Abstract: Cognitive Behaviour therapy (CBT) relies on homogenous practice for it’s evidence base. However training to an accreditable standard in the UK requires 3 years of “core professional” training in addition to 1 years CBT training for IAPT (Improving Access to Psychological Therapy, trained for primary care cases only) and 2 years for more complex roles. The core professional training has unique aspects which may differ between professional groups (Nursing, Counselling, Occupational Therapy, etc) have varied ideological standpoints and practice rituals, and have the potential to conflict with aspects of CBT. This study asks the question “How do (BACP accreditable) Counsellors and psychotherapists (Hereafter counsellors) in High Intensity IAPT roles practice CBT”? and achieves this through analysis of a focus group of 5 counsellors with at least 3 years CBT experience using a thematic analysis methodology. Five themes were identified - processes in transition, ongoing processes reconciling roles, Features retained from counselling practice, Features changed from counselling practice, and features of CBT resisted and not adopted. Results suggest a broad adaptation to CBT with some aspects of counselling (Responsiveness to the client, knowing the whole of the client) emphasised more or differently to conventional views on CBT Practice. Counsellors do not adopt, or try to avoid adopting, some of the more positivist aspects of CBT, and this remains an ongoing source of conflict in the application of CBT. Implications: Counsellors do not fully conform to the CBT model of practice. Further research is necessary to establish whether this affects outcomes.
Abstract: Cognitive Behaviour therapy (CBT) relies on homogenous practice for it’s evidence base. However training to an accreditable standard in the UK requires 3 years of “core professional” training in addition to 1 years CBT training for IAPT (Improving Access to Psychological Therapy, trained for primary care cases only) and 2 years for more complex rol...
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Factorial Structure and Evidence of Validity and Reliability of the Mexican Sexual Street Harassment Questionnaire
Gloria Margarita Gurrola-Peña,
Oscar Armando Esparza del Villar,
Patricia Balcázar-Nava,
Priscila Montañez-Alvarado,
Alejandra Moysén-Chimal
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
51-57
Received:
26 February 2022
Accepted:
16 March 2022
Published:
23 March 2022
Abstract: Sexual street harassment has gone from being considered a romantic expression of courtship to a form of harassment and, therefore, an expression of gender-based violence. Due to the impact it has on women and the characteristics that surround its expression, there is still confusion in the characterization of this phenomenon and in the measurement of its magnitude; therefore, the objective of this research was to build and establish evidence of validity and reliability of the Mexican Sexual Street Harassment Questionnaire. Derived from the literature, a two-part questionnaire was constructed: the first explores the forms of harassment and its frequency, and the second collects reactions to harassment. Two samples of women under 30 years of age were used: the first to perform the exploratory factor analysis, and the second to perform the confirmatory factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors for the first part, which were named "non-physical harassment," "physical harassment," and "explicit harassment." The second part also shows three factors named "negative reactions," "neutral and positive reactions," and "self-defense reactions." Both parts show evidence of validity and reliability superior to other published questionnaires. The confirmatory factor analysis shows excellent goodness of fit indices for both parts, which verifies the good fit of the model. The implications of the study would be that there is enough evidence that the questionnaire can be used in national surveys and can facilitate legislation on this type of behavior.
Abstract: Sexual street harassment has gone from being considered a romantic expression of courtship to a form of harassment and, therefore, an expression of gender-based violence. Due to the impact it has on women and the characteristics that surround its expression, there is still confusion in the characterization of this phenomenon and in the measurement ...
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Sexual Functioning in Women with Breast Cancer: Role of Depression, Anxiety and Coping Styles
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
58-67
Received:
3 March 2022
Accepted:
17 March 2022
Published:
23 March 2022
Abstract: Sexual dysfunction encompasses a broad spectrum of issues, all of which are susceptible to insult after treatment for cancer. Sexual dysfunction affects up to 90% of women treated for breast cancer, and sexual quality of life is a significant concern for breast cancer survivors. This study investigated role of depression, anxiety and coping styles in developing sexual dysfunctions in 210 women with breast cancer, one year after diagnosis. The median age was 58. Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) were used for this purpose. All women stated that before breast cancer they did not have significant sexual problems that would interfere with sexual pleasure. It is noticeable that women included in this study report high levels of pain and discomfort during and after vaginal penetration have low levels of sexual arousal and have significant difficulty achieving orgasm and lubrication, which is significantly associated with high levels of anxiety and moderate to high levels of depression. They are more likely to use a task-oriented coping strategy, and within avoidance as a coping strategy, they are more likely to use a distraction. More frequent use of avoidant strategies and less propensity for emotion-oriented strategies is associated with greater sexual desire. Women who used emotion-oriented coping strategies have more pronounced symptoms of depression and anxiety. Lower levels of overall sexual function were found in women who had a mastectomy (total and partial). Breast reconstruction after mastectomy has a positive influence on sexual functioning, especially on sexual arousal and pleasure, and women who have not had a mastectomy report greater sexual desire and arousal, and less pain during sexual intercourse. Participants who were not exposed to radiotherapy during treatment expressed greater satisfaction with achieving orgasms and lubrication during sexual intercourse. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that depression, anxiety and coping styles significantly contribute to all domains of sexual functioning. These results add to growing evidence that sexual quality of life is a multidimensional construct with aspects differentially affected by variables related to cancer survivorship.
Abstract: Sexual dysfunction encompasses a broad spectrum of issues, all of which are susceptible to insult after treatment for cancer. Sexual dysfunction affects up to 90% of women treated for breast cancer, and sexual quality of life is a significant concern for breast cancer survivors. This study investigated role of depression, anxiety and coping styles ...
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Influence of Personality Characteristics on Psychological Distress
Emmanuel Temitope Bankole,
Abimbola Mary Bankole
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
68-71
Received:
13 January 2022
Accepted:
7 March 2022
Published:
8 April 2022
Abstract: The research investigated the influence of Personality characteristics on Psychological Distress. Three hundred research participants were used in course of this study and two instruments were used which include Big five Personality Inventory which measures personality characteristics and Perceived Stress scale a measure of Psychological Distress. Two hypotheses were tested in the course of this study using Regression analysis and Independent t-test. Hypothesis one states that Personality characteristics will significantly influence Psychological Distress and it was reported from the result of the study that Personality characteristics do not influence Psychological Distress (F (5, 294) = .975 p> .05). Hypothesis two states that gender differences will influence Psychological Distress and it was reported from the table that there is no significant difference of gender on Psychological Distress (t (298) = .75 p> .05. The study was done to evaluate whether there sex differences and age could influence psychological distress among health workers. This study is to improve individual understanding on the role of personality characteristics and its detriment effect on psychological distress among health workers, it also unravel the danger in job insecurity, workload. Findings were discussed according to literatures. Relevant conclusions were drawn and it was recommended that government should encourage policy that will make life easier for her citizen.
Abstract: The research investigated the influence of Personality characteristics on Psychological Distress. Three hundred research participants were used in course of this study and two instruments were used which include Big five Personality Inventory which measures personality characteristics and Perceived Stress scale a measure of Psychological Distress. ...
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