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The Incidence of Puerperal Metritis in Postpartum Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows
Gavan Constantin,
Riza Mihaela
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
128-133
Received:
25 August 2021
Accepted:
10 September 2021
Published:
16 September 2021
Abstract: Puerperal metritis affects dairy cows during the early postpartum (p.p.) period and causes fever, decrease in milk yield, dehydration, reduced rumen fill and activity, and a fetid watery reddish-brown vaginal discharge. The disease is severe and treatment is often required. The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate the association among abnormal calving (AC), parity, and season on the incidence of puerperal metritis (PM) during first 14 days p.p.; 2) to describe the rectal temperature (RT) of cows before and offer diagnosis of PM, and 3) to describe associations among PM, and reproductive performance in Holstein Friesian dairy cows. This study Holstein Friesian dairy cows. This study followed a retrospective observational study design in a research dairy herd, after implementation of a health protocol to identify lactating, cows with pp metritis. Cows were classified as cows with normal calving (NC) or abnormal calving (AC), as having PM or not having PM, and according RT at diagnosis: cows with PM without fever, cows with PM and fever and cows without PM. Cows with AC had greater odds of PM than cows with NC. Primiparous cows that calved during the warm season had lower adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of PM than during the cool season. Multiparous cows did not have seasonal effects on PM. There were not detected differences in first – service conception risk or cumulative pregnancy risk by 150 days p.p. between cows with or without PM. In the study the health protocol to identify cows with PM may have resulted in earlier diagnosis and treatment of cows with PM.
Abstract: Puerperal metritis affects dairy cows during the early postpartum (p.p.) period and causes fever, decrease in milk yield, dehydration, reduced rumen fill and activity, and a fetid watery reddish-brown vaginal discharge. The disease is severe and treatment is often required. The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate the association among abn...
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Effect of Cow Start Bolus Supplementation on Early Lactation Health and Performance Indicators in a Group of Older, At-Risk Dairy Cows
John Lawlor,
Rachel Reardon,
Cathal O’ Sé,
Enda Neville,
Alan Fahey
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
134-140
Received:
9 September 2021
Accepted:
24 September 2021
Published:
5 October 2021
Abstract: Whilst older cows can be some of the most profitable producers on the farm, as well as helping to reduce the environmental impact of dairy production and improving consumer perception of dairy farming, they can also be more prone to early lactation metabolic challenges and at higher risk of culling or death in early lactation. Research into nutritional supplementation strategies specifically to support older, at-risk herd members has not, to the author’s knowledge, been carried out and leaves a dearth of knowledge as to how best to support the successful transition of this valuable cohort of cows from gestation into peak lactation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with a combined calcium, magnesium and antioxidant bolus (Cow Start) on key early lactation health and performance indicators in a cohort of older, higher yielding dairy cows that may be expected to be at greater risk of developing key post-partum metabolic disorders. High yielding multiparous (n=38) cows averaging 4.7 lactations at calving were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned to either a control (CON, n=19) group or a Cow Start oral bolus supplemented (CSC, n=19) group. The CON group experienced a clinical milk fever (Blood Ca < 1.5 mM) incidence rate of 15.7% compared to 0% for the CSC group. Cows in the CSC group recorded a treatment effect of a significantly (P < 0.01) higher blood calcium status compared to CON. Energy Corrected Milk volumes showed a statistical trend of an increase (P < 0.10) from day 5 until day 60 of lactation for the CSC group (+1.8 kg/day) when compared to CON, also milk fat kg (P < 0.05) and combined fat and protein kg yields (P < 0.10) were increased in the CSC group when compared to the CON group. Results of this study suggest that supplementation of older at-risk cows with a combined calcium, magnesium and antioxidant (Cow Start) oral bolus can reduce the incidence rate of clinical milk fever and exposure to sub-clinical milk fever, whilst also improving blood calcium status and increasing milk production parameters in early lactation when compared to CON.
Abstract: Whilst older cows can be some of the most profitable producers on the farm, as well as helping to reduce the environmental impact of dairy production and improving consumer perception of dairy farming, they can also be more prone to early lactation metabolic challenges and at higher risk of culling or death in early lactation. Research into nutriti...
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Detection of Brucella Abortus in Caprine and Ovine by Real-Time PCR Assay
Muhammad Bilawal Arain,
Abdullah Babar,
Muhammad Ibrahim Panhwar,
Khush Hal,
Muhammad Mubashir Farooq,
Zainab Lanjar,
Ali Gul Soomro,
Saqib Ali Fazilani,
Muhammad Naeem Jan,
Loveson Lakhani,
Adnan Yousaf,
Inayatullah Sarki,
Rehana Shahnawaz,
Mathan
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
141-144
Received:
4 September 2021
Accepted:
22 September 2021
Published:
21 October 2021
Abstract: A molecular research was carried out in the areas of Lahore in order to confirm the existence of B. abortus antigen in Caprine and ovine by utilizing molecular techniques in this study. Small ruminants can be infected with B. abortus (the causative agent of bovine brucellosis), which complicates brucellosis control efforts because most brucellosis control programmes rely on immunological testing rather than genomic testing to determine the specific species circulating in ruminants. Now at this investigation, n = 1270 goat serum samples and n = 770 sheep serum samples were collected, respectively. After already being tested with the Rose Bengal test, all positive specimens were examined to the real-time PCR technique. RBT confirmed brucellosis prevalence of 21.43±0.37% and 18.11±0.12 in caprine and ovine respectively. Out of 230 positive goat samples, real-time PCR found B. abortus in 150 samples (65.21±0.51) in sheep and goats and 118 samples (71.51±0.21%) out of 165 seropositive sheep samples. Brucella abortus infection in small ruminants could be caused by a combination of factors including mixed farming of small and large ruminants, sharing of the same pasture, and the presence of reservoir hosts on a farm, all of which could be risk factors for Brucella species cross-infection in non-species hosts. It has been determined that B. abortus is the causative agent of caprine and ovine brucellosis in the country of Pakistan. Results of this study can be utilised to develop successful brucellosis eradication and control strategies in small ruminants, which can be applied to other animals.
Abstract: A molecular research was carried out in the areas of Lahore in order to confirm the existence of B. abortus antigen in Caprine and ovine by utilizing molecular techniques in this study. Small ruminants can be infected with B. abortus (the causative agent of bovine brucellosis), which complicates brucellosis control efforts because most brucellosis ...
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Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii in Domestic Breeds of Goats in Faisalabad, Punjab
Adnan Yousaf,
Rida Tabbasum,
Tayyba Awais,
Asfa Sakhawat,
Sakandar Khan,
Abdul Latif Bhutto,
Rabia Khalil,
Adeela Sharif,
Mamoona Arshad,
Sindhu Baloch,
Rehana Shahnawaz,
Faiza Habib,
Samia Shaheen,
Allah Bachaya,
Muhammad Ramzan,
Khalil-ur-Rahamn,
Ghurniq Zahra
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
145-148
Received:
4 September 2021
Accepted:
17 September 2021
Published:
21 October 2021
Abstract: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The goal of this study was to look into Toxoplasma (T.) gondii prevalence in goats. Toxoplasmosis was examined in n= 380 goats of both sexes, male n=80 and female n=300, aged 1-6 years, from Faisalabad district, Punjab province. A total of n = 202 goats out of n = 380 were seropositive, resulting in a 53.15% overall prevalence. The latex agglutination test was used to look for T. gondii antibodies in the obtained sera. This test was evaluated in animals as a toxoplasmosis screening serologic test. T. gondii was found to be more common in female goats 60% than in male goats 27.5% with statistical significance P<0.05. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was highest 58.46% in Teddy goats and lowest 45.83% in Beetal goats, with statistical significance (P<0.05) in the association between different goat breeds and T. gondii. Toxoplasmosis had the highest prevalence 70.42% in the 5-6 years age group and the lowest prevalence 37.27% in the 1-2 years age group, indicating statistical significance (P<0.05). The parasite had the highest prevalence 65.60% in the body weight group of 51-60 kg and the lowest prevalence 32.25% in the body weight group of 20-30 kg with statistical significance (P<0.05) in the body weight group. The differences were considered statistically significant at P≤0.05.
Abstract: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The goal of this study was to look into Toxoplasma (T.) gondii prevalence in goats. Toxoplasmosis was examined in n= 380 goats of both sexes, male n=80 and female n=300, aged 1-6 years, from Faisalabad district, Punjab province. A total of n = 202 goats out of n =...
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Artificial Insemination: Coverage and Constraints in Central High Land of Ethiopia
Temesgen K.,
Aster Y.,
Habtamu A.
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
149-155
Received:
4 August 2021
Accepted:
18 August 2021
Published:
28 October 2021
Abstract: A cross-sectional and retrospective investigation was conducted from November, 2017 to April, 2018 with objective of assessing service coverage and constraints that were affecting Artificial Insemination (AI), success rate in Welmera District, special Zone of Oromiya Regional State. Semi-structured questionnaires were pretested and administered to 395 respondents that were composed of a group small-holder dairy farmers (n=384), animal health and production professionals (AHPPs) (n=8) and artificial inseminations technicians (AITs) (n=3). Additionally retrospective data from 2011 to 2017 was considered to evaluate the previous situation of AI services in study site. The survey result showed that from 384 interviewed farmers; majority of them 71.1%, (273) didn’t use AI, 18.8% (72) used both AI and natural breeding, while 10.2% (39) used solely AI services to breed their cows. The distribution of AI services between small-holders located in urban, per-urban and rural localities in the study area was 78.95%, 46.25% and 12.88% respectively, with statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Many farmers (273) solely depended on natural breeding than using artificial insemination due to lack of awareness (27.7%), unfitness of their dairy cows for AI breeding (26.4%), long distance from AI center (24.4%), insufficient capital (13.3%) and shortage of feed (8.1%) to keep dairy cows. The major constraints among AI users were shortage of inputs 7.1%, unavailability of AI technicians 13.4% and conception failure 50.9%. In Wolemera district many farmers 73.3% used to take their cows to AI station for services while 26.7% call-up to technicians to have them at their farm gate for AI services. Generally from this study it was concluded that AI service coverage was inadequate with unequal distributions between small-holders in urban, peri- urban and rural localities. Therefore, AI service in the district requires serious attention so that appropriate solutions be given to alleviate the prevailing constraints.
Abstract: A cross-sectional and retrospective investigation was conducted from November, 2017 to April, 2018 with objective of assessing service coverage and constraints that were affecting Artificial Insemination (AI), success rate in Welmera District, special Zone of Oromiya Regional State. Semi-structured questionnaires were pretested and administered to ...
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Effect of the Ensiled Taro with Rice Wine by Product or Fish Meal Fed Basal Diet of Rice Bran on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs
Chiv Phiny,
Kong Saroeun,
Ros Vanchey,
Tum Saravuth,
Sin Putheasath
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
156-162
Received:
23 September 2021
Accepted:
20 October 2021
Published:
29 October 2021
Abstract: The experiment was conducted at the research station of Svay Rieng University (SRU) from 01st January 2021 to 30th April 2021, sited in NR 1, Sangkat Chek, Svay Rieng City, Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of inclusion of the ensiled taro foliage with or without of rice wine by product fed a basal diet of rice bran on growth performance and feed conversion ratio of growing pigs. Eight crossbred pigs with average of body weight of 20kg were housed in individual pens and assigned into Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) within 4 treatments and 4 replications. The research consisted with four treatments were RW0, RW20, FM10 and RW20FM10. The pigs were weighed every 10 days until 120 days. The pigs were vaccinated against salmonellosis, pasteurellosis and hog cholera. Supplementation of the ensiled taro mixed with rice wine by product or rice wine by product plus fish meal fed basal diet of rice bran was increased the feed intake in dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) of the pigs but decreased the feed intakes in crude protein (CP). Final live weight and overall live weight gain in the pigs were higher increased, and feed conversion ratio was improved better as the ensiled taro was used to mixed with rice wine by product or rice wine by product plus fish meal fed basal diet of rice bran. The overall conclusion is that supplement of the ensiled taro mixed with rice wine by product or rice wine by product plus fish meal in the pigs was increased the feed intake and growth rate, and also better feed conversion, than the pigs were supplemented only the ensiled taro or fish meal fed basal diet of rice bran.
Abstract: The experiment was conducted at the research station of Svay Rieng University (SRU) from 01st January 2021 to 30th April 2021, sited in NR 1, Sangkat Chek, Svay Rieng City, Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of inclusion of the ensiled taro foliage with or without of rice wine by product fed a basal die...
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