Reactivity Skin-Prick Test with Common Allergens and Their Genetic Association with Polymorphisms in IL-9, IL-13, IL-4, IL-5 & IL-4Rα Genes among Asthmatics in Sudan
Amel Osman Gundi,
Fatima Omer Hamed,
Maha Hassan Agraa,
Hiba Salaheldin Mohamed
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
21-28
Received:
17 March 2023
Accepted:
16 May 2023
Published:
5 June 2023
Abstract: Atopy may be defined as the production of abnormal amounts of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in response to aeroallergens, assessed by positive skin-prick test (SPT) responses. Allergic asthma is the result of a complex multifactorial interplay between genes and the environment. The interaction of genetic and environmental factors may increase the complexity associated with allergic asthma. We investigated the degree of association of skin reactivity and their association with seven polymorphisms in IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-9 genes on chromosome 5q31-q33 region, and three polymorphisms in the IL-4Rα gene on chromosome 16 p contributing to allergic asthma in a population-based sample of Sudanese families. 70 families, including (150 cases and 140 controls), were recruited. Asthmatic status was confirmed by pulmonary function tests (PFTs); a SPT was done using 14 aeroallergens. Genotyping for 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); one SNP in the IL-4 gene; one SNP in the IL-5 gene; two SNPs in the IL-13 gene; three SNPs in the IL-9 gene, three SNPs in the IL-4Rα gene were obtained by using multiplex PCR Mass ARRAY matrix MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry;. For the SPT reactivity, out of the 14 allergens, seven showed a significant hypersensitivity in the majority of asthmatics, including; house dust mites (HDM), mixed moulds, D. Peterenyssinus (DP), mixed ragweed, grass pollens, and cat hair. The strongest sensitizer was HDM (P = 0.001). The analysis of SNPs for association with SPT reactivity revealed the following; the SNPs in IL-13 in addition, IL-4Rα showed evidence association with SPT reactivity symptoms, but SNPs in the IL-4 gene associated with marginally significant (P = 0.05). An interaction of (A−646G) allele of IL-13 with minor alleles of IL-5, IL-9, and IL-4Rα genes, showed a significant association with reactivity SPT. Asthmatics showed hypersensitivity to common aeroallergens, the more prevalent allergen was mixed moulds; the most significant one was HDM. More reactive alleles associated with skin reactivity were; (A-G) of the IL-13 gene and (G-A) of the IL-4R gene. An interaction of the IL-13 gene with IL-5, IL-9, and IL-4Rα genes, have a significant association with reactivity SPT. There is a correlation between the IL-13 gene, atopy, and asthma in Sudanese.
Abstract: Atopy may be defined as the production of abnormal amounts of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in response to aeroallergens, assessed by positive skin-prick test (SPT) responses. Allergic asthma is the result of a complex multifactorial interplay between genes and the environment. The interaction of genetic and environmental factors may increase t...
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The ACE 2 G8790A and IL-22 Gene Polymorphisms and their Association with Susceptibility to COVID-19 in Yaounde, Cameroon
Calvino Fomboh Tah,
Akindeh Mbuh Nji,
Jean Paul Kengne Chedjou,
Lesley Ngum Ngum,
Carine Nguefeu Nkenfou Tchinda,
Rhoda Bongshe Laban,
Cyrille Mbanwi Mbu’u,
MacDonald Bin Eric,
Palmer Masumbe Netongo,
Tatiana Tchakote Wami,
Wilfried Olivier Ngandjeu Tchamdjeu,
Marie Claire Vernyuy Fonyuy,
Wilfred Fon Mbacham
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
29-36
Received:
4 August 2023
Accepted:
21 August 2023
Published:
8 September 2023
Abstract: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped positive-stranded RNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm, and uses envelope spike projections as a key to enter to human cells with the receptor. Host susceptibility upon exposure to the virus might be as a result of genetic polymorphisms observed on genes that encode for molecules in the immune system such as ACE 2, as well as IL-22 which influences the immune response. This study was aimed at investigating the association between the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of ACE2 G8970A and IL-22 (rs1179521) with COVID-19 susceptibility in Yaounde, Cameroon. A case-control study was performed on 331 conveniently collected blood samples, spotted on Whartman N° 3-filter paper from which DNA was extracted by the chelex-100 DNA extraction method. Genotyping of the ACE2 G8970A and IL-22 SNPs were performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The Chi-square test (X2) was used to establish associations. A P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. The most predominant genotype for ACE2 G8790A, was the homozygous wild type GG genotype (75.23%, 249/331) with no homozygous mutant (AA genotype) observed amongst the study participants, whereas for IL-22 rs1179251, it was the heterozygous GC (47.43%, 157/331). The mutant C allele for IL-22 rs1179251 was most predominant (58%). In the same manner, the wild type G allele for ACE 2 was predominant (88%). No statistical significance was found in the gene and genotype frequencies of ACE2 G8790A and IL-22 rs1179251 between the COVID-19 infected group and healthy controls. The GG genotype for the IL-22 rs1179251 was a protective factor against the presentation of clinical features of COVID-19 (OR=0.430; P=0.003) whereas, the C allele was a risk factor (OR=2.324; P=0.003). In conclusion, no association was found between the SNPs of ACE2 G8790A and IL-22 rs1179251, and COVID-19, but an association was found between the SNP of IL-22 rs1179251 and COVID-19 clinical features. The combined SNPs of ACE2 G86790A and IL-22 rs1179251, showed statistical significance between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups when the wildtype allele (G) for ACE2 G8790A and the mutant allele (C) for IL-22 rs1179251 were combined amongst study participants, with participants possessing the resultant genotype (GC), 2 times likely to present clinical features of COVID-19 (GC; OR=2.324, P=0.003).
Abstract: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped positive-stranded RNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm, and uses envelope spike projections as a key to enter to human cells with the receptor. Host susceptibility upon exposure to the virus might be as a result of genetic polymorphisms observed on genes that encode...
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