Anionic Surfactunt Determination at the Anzali Wetland, Iran

Azemat Ghandi; Hojat Khodaparast; Hadi Babaei; Afshin Fahim

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11

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Anionic Surfactunt Determination at the Anzali Wetland, Iran

Azemat Ghandi, Hojat Khodaparast, Hadi Babaei, Afshin Fahim

Published in Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 1)

Received: 21 October 2017 Accepted: 11 March 2018 Published: 30 May 2018

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Abstract

Surfactant is pollutants that enter in to water ecosystem through industrial and urban sewages. The objective of this project is to determine the level of LAS and seasonal trend in eight different station of the Anzali wetland and compare them with maximum allowable value. In the study 96 samples of water were extracted by liquid–liquid method and the LAS were determined as methylene blue active substances (MBAS).The concentration of surfactant in the Pirbazar and the Caspian Sea stations varied from 0.176 to 0.422, and 0.098 to 0.049 mg/l while the seasonal concentration varied from 0.49 to 0.422 mg/l. The significant different were observed solely in the eastern of the Anzali wetland at the Pirbazar station (P < 0.05). The results showed that the highest of surfactant level measured about 0.27±0.10 mg/l at the Pirbazar station and the lowest recorded with 0.066 ± 0.022 mg/l in the Caspian Sea. The seasonal variations displayed, surfactant concentrations varied between 0.17 ± 0.07 and 0.10 ± 0.06 mg/l in winter and spring respectively, and average of 0.137± 0.037 mg/l. By the way no significant different were detected between seasons. In spite of this, LAS amount in water with other chemical material can create unfavorite effect on this ecosystem.

Published in	Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11
Page(s)	1-4
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anzali Wetland, Surfactant, Anionic

References

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[2]	Hynes, H. B. N, 1966. The Biology of polluted waters. Liverpool University Press. England. TD420. H9 1974 155-167.
[3]	Khorasani, M. 1993. Determination of surfactant in the Anzali wetland. Fisheries Research Center of Guilan Province, Anzali. 79 pp.
[4]	APHA, 2005. Standard method for the examination of water and wastewater. Washigton, DC, USA. 1265 P.
[5]	Piri, M. Fallahi, M. 1998. The effect of detergent on deaths Daphnia magna. Iranian Journal of Scientific Fisheries. 6: 69-82.
[6]	Bagheri, S., Mansor, M., Makaremi, M., Sabkara, J., Wan-Maznah, W. O., Mirzajani, A., Khodaparast, SH., Negarestan, H., Ghandi, A. and Khalilpour, A. 2011. Fluctuations of phytoplankton community in the coastal waters of Caspian Sea in 2006. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 8: 1328–1336.
[7]	Pourang, N. 1996. Heavy metal concentrations in surficial sediments and benthic macroinvertebrates from Anzali wetland, Iran, Hydrobiologia. 331 (1): 53–6.
[8]	Bagheri, S., Niermann, U., Sabkara, J. and Babaei, H. 2012. State of Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora:Lobata) and mesozooplankton in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea during 2008 in comparison with previous surveys. Iran Journal of Fisheries Sciences. 11 (4): 732‒754.
[9]	Bagheri, S., Niermann, U., Mansor, M and Yeok, F. S. 2014. Biodiversity, distribution and abundance of zooplankton in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea off Anzali during 1996–2010. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 94:129–140.
[10]	Nelson, S. A. 1973. Oil pollution and marine ecology. Plenum press, New York, USA. pp, 92–94.
[11]	Renzi, M., Giovani, A. and Focardi, S. 2012. Water pollution by surfactants fluctuations due to tourism exploitation in a lagoon ecosystem. Journal of environmental protection. 9 (3): 1004–1009.
[12]	Jimenes-Castareda, M, E. and Medina, D. I. 2017. Use of surfactant-modified zeolies and clays for the removal of Heavy metals. Water. 9 (4): 235–249.
[13]	Yuan, C. L., Xu, Z. Z., Fan, H. Y., Liu, Y. H and Zhu, T. 2014. Study on characteristics and harm of surfactants. Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research. 6 (7): 2233–2237.
[14]	Chattopadhyay, D. N. and Konar, S. K. 1985. Acute and chronic of alkyl benzene on aquatic ecosystems. Environmental ecology. 3: 268-262.

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APA Style

Azemat Ghandi, Hojat Khodaparast, Hadi Babaei, Afshin Fahim. (2018). Anionic Surfactunt Determination at the Anzali Wetland, Iran. Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, 2(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11

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ACS Style

Azemat Ghandi; Hojat Khodaparast; Hadi Babaei; Afshin Fahim. Anionic Surfactunt Determination at the Anzali Wetland, Iran. J. Chem. Environ. Biol. Eng. 2018, 2(1), 1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11

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AMA Style

Azemat Ghandi, Hojat Khodaparast, Hadi Babaei, Afshin Fahim. Anionic Surfactunt Determination at the Anzali Wetland, Iran. J Chem Environ Biol Eng. 2018;2(1):1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11,
  author = {Azemat Ghandi and Hojat Khodaparast and Hadi Babaei and Afshin Fahim},
  title = {Anionic Surfactunt Determination at the Anzali Wetland, Iran},
  journal = {Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-4},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jcebe.20180201.11},
  abstract = {Surfactant is pollutants that enter in to water ecosystem through industrial and urban sewages. The objective of this project is to determine the level of LAS and seasonal trend in eight different station of the Anzali wetland and compare them with maximum allowable value. In the study 96 samples of water were extracted by liquid–liquid method and the LAS were determined as methylene blue active substances (MBAS).The concentration of surfactant in the Pirbazar and the Caspian Sea stations varied from 0.176 to 0.422, and 0.098 to 0.049 mg/l while the seasonal concentration varied from 0.49 to 0.422 mg/l. The significant different were observed solely in the eastern of the Anzali wetland at the Pirbazar station (P < 0.05). The results showed that the highest of surfactant level measured about 0.27±0.10 mg/l at the Pirbazar station and the lowest recorded with 0.066 ± 0.022 mg/l in the Caspian Sea. The seasonal variations displayed, surfactant concentrations varied between 0.17 ± 0.07 and 0.10 ± 0.06 mg/l in winter and spring respectively, and average of 0.137± 0.037 mg/l. By the way no significant different were detected between seasons. In spite of this, LAS amount in water with other chemical material can create unfavorite effect on this ecosystem.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Anionic Surfactunt Determination at the Anzali Wetland, Iran
AU  - Azemat Ghandi
AU  - Hojat Khodaparast
AU  - Hadi Babaei
AU  - Afshin Fahim
Y1  - 2018/05/30
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11
T2  - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering
JF  - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering
JO  - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-267X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11
AB  - Surfactant is pollutants that enter in to water ecosystem through industrial and urban sewages. The objective of this project is to determine the level of LAS and seasonal trend in eight different station of the Anzali wetland and compare them with maximum allowable value. In the study 96 samples of water were extracted by liquid–liquid method and the LAS were determined as methylene blue active substances (MBAS).The concentration of surfactant in the Pirbazar and the Caspian Sea stations varied from 0.176 to 0.422, and 0.098 to 0.049 mg/l while the seasonal concentration varied from 0.49 to 0.422 mg/l. The significant different were observed solely in the eastern of the Anzali wetland at the Pirbazar station (P < 0.05). The results showed that the highest of surfactant level measured about 0.27±0.10 mg/l at the Pirbazar station and the lowest recorded with 0.066 ± 0.022 mg/l in the Caspian Sea. The seasonal variations displayed, surfactant concentrations varied between 0.17 ± 0.07 and 0.10 ± 0.06 mg/l in winter and spring respectively, and average of 0.137± 0.037 mg/l. By the way no significant different were detected between seasons. In spite of this, LAS amount in water with other chemical material can create unfavorite effect on this ecosystem.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Azemat Ghandi

Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Anzali, Iran
Hojat Khodaparast

Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Anzali, Iran
Hadi Babaei

Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Anzali, Iran
Afshin Fahim

Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Anzali, Iran

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APA Style

Azemat Ghandi, Hojat Khodaparast, Hadi Babaei, Afshin Fahim. (2018). Anionic Surfactunt Determination at the Anzali Wetland, Iran. Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, 2(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11

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ACS Style

Azemat Ghandi; Hojat Khodaparast; Hadi Babaei; Afshin Fahim. Anionic Surfactunt Determination at the Anzali Wetland, Iran. J. Chem. Environ. Biol. Eng. 2018, 2(1), 1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11

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AMA Style

Azemat Ghandi, Hojat Khodaparast, Hadi Babaei, Afshin Fahim. Anionic Surfactunt Determination at the Anzali Wetland, Iran. J Chem Environ Biol Eng. 2018;2(1):1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11,
  author = {Azemat Ghandi and Hojat Khodaparast and Hadi Babaei and Afshin Fahim},
  title = {Anionic Surfactunt Determination at the Anzali Wetland, Iran},
  journal = {Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-4},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jcebe.20180201.11},
  abstract = {Surfactant is pollutants that enter in to water ecosystem through industrial and urban sewages. The objective of this project is to determine the level of LAS and seasonal trend in eight different station of the Anzali wetland and compare them with maximum allowable value. In the study 96 samples of water were extracted by liquid–liquid method and the LAS were determined as methylene blue active substances (MBAS).The concentration of surfactant in the Pirbazar and the Caspian Sea stations varied from 0.176 to 0.422, and 0.098 to 0.049 mg/l while the seasonal concentration varied from 0.49 to 0.422 mg/l. The significant different were observed solely in the eastern of the Anzali wetland at the Pirbazar station (P < 0.05). The results showed that the highest of surfactant level measured about 0.27±0.10 mg/l at the Pirbazar station and the lowest recorded with 0.066 ± 0.022 mg/l in the Caspian Sea. The seasonal variations displayed, surfactant concentrations varied between 0.17 ± 0.07 and 0.10 ± 0.06 mg/l in winter and spring respectively, and average of 0.137± 0.037 mg/l. By the way no significant different were detected between seasons. In spite of this, LAS amount in water with other chemical material can create unfavorite effect on this ecosystem.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Anionic Surfactunt Determination at the Anzali Wetland, Iran
AU  - Azemat Ghandi
AU  - Hojat Khodaparast
AU  - Hadi Babaei
AU  - Afshin Fahim
Y1  - 2018/05/30
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11
T2  - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering
JF  - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering
JO  - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-267X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20180201.11
AB  - Surfactant is pollutants that enter in to water ecosystem through industrial and urban sewages. The objective of this project is to determine the level of LAS and seasonal trend in eight different station of the Anzali wetland and compare them with maximum allowable value. In the study 96 samples of water were extracted by liquid–liquid method and the LAS were determined as methylene blue active substances (MBAS).The concentration of surfactant in the Pirbazar and the Caspian Sea stations varied from 0.176 to 0.422, and 0.098 to 0.049 mg/l while the seasonal concentration varied from 0.49 to 0.422 mg/l. The significant different were observed solely in the eastern of the Anzali wetland at the Pirbazar station (P < 0.05). The results showed that the highest of surfactant level measured about 0.27±0.10 mg/l at the Pirbazar station and the lowest recorded with 0.066 ± 0.022 mg/l in the Caspian Sea. The seasonal variations displayed, surfactant concentrations varied between 0.17 ± 0.07 and 0.10 ± 0.06 mg/l in winter and spring respectively, and average of 0.137± 0.037 mg/l. By the way no significant different were detected between seasons. In spite of this, LAS amount in water with other chemical material can create unfavorite effect on this ecosystem.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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