Synthesis of K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite and Degradation of Leachate by K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite

Osu Charles Ikenna; Okeacha Ezinne Grace; Iwuoha Godson Ndubuisi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12

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Synthesis of K₃ [Fe (C₂O₄)₃]-kaolin Nanocomposite and Degradation of Leachate by K₃ [Fe (C₂O₄)₃]-kaolin Nanocomposite

Osu Charles Ikenna, Okeacha Ezinne Grace, Iwuoha Godson Ndubuisi

Published in Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 21 December 2019 Accepted: 7 January 2020 Published: 28 May 2020

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Abstract

K₃ [Fe (C₂O₄)₃]-Kaolin Nano composite was synthesized by impregnating or intercalation of K₃ [Fe (C₂O₄)₃] into kaolin. The Nano composite was used to degrade landfill leachate by oxidation/reduction of organic and inorganic substances present in the landfill leachate. Landfill leachate 1 and 3 had the highest concentration of characteristics of contaminants (COD, BOD₅, TDS, TSS, Organic - N, NH₃ - N, Cr, Pb and Cd) than landfill leachate 2. In landfill 1, the percentage reduction of Cd, Pb, COD, NH₃-N, Cr using kaolin were 88.69, 76.32, 65.6, 46.7, and 35.56 respectively which were less than the values obtained when K₃ [Fe (C₂O₄)₃]-Kaolin Nano composite was used for the degradation of Cd, Pb, COD, NH₃-N, and Cr with values 92.4, 83.5, 91.5, 92.4, and 81.00 respectively. In landfill 2 and 3, K₃ [Fe (C₂O₄)₃]-Kaolin Nano composite demonstrated higher percentage reduction than that of the unmodified kaolin. These results showed that increasing the pH and the temperature of the solution (leachate), increased the percentage reduction of the contaminants such that the optimum temperature for the reduction of the various characteristics was at 100°C while that of pH was at 10.5 beyond this value no further significance reduction was observed therefore, at the point the reaction was said to be completed. The change in enthalpy (ΔH) value of the reaction processes were all positives which denoted that the reaction process was endothermic that is, heat was absorbed into the surrounding. The correlation factor, R² for the three leachate samples showed less proximity and high remoteness from unity which also confirmed that the reduction process of COD, Pb and Cd using kaolin impregnated with ferrioxalate was temperature dependent reaction (Walter and Geoffrey, 1992). The change in entropy of the reaction (ΔS) is highly temperature dependent too because it is positive. The values of ΔG for the three landfill leachate samples were positives.

Published in	Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12
Page(s)	11-24
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nano Compound, Thermodynamics, Oxidation, Kaolin, Ferrioxalate

References

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[2]	Reinhart, D. R. & Townsend, T. G. (1998) Landfill Bioreactor Design and Operation. Ist Edition. Lewis Publisher, Boca Raton, Florida, Pp. 189.
[3]	Lema, J. M., Mendez, R. & Blazquez, R. (1988). Characteristic of Landfill Leachates and Alternatives for their Treatment: A Review. Water Air Soil Pollution., 40: 223–250.
[4]	Baig, S., Coulomb, I., Courant, P. & Liechti, P. (1999) Treatment of Landfill Leachates: Lapeyrouse and Satrod Case Studies. Ozone Science and Engineering, 21 (1), 1–22.
[5]	Silva, A. C., Dezotti, M. & Santanna, G. L. (2003) Treatment and Detoxification of a Sanitary Landfill Leachate. Chemosphere, 55: 207–214.
[6]	Badmus, B. S. & Olatinsu, O. B. (2009). Geophysical Evaluation and Chemical Analysis of Kaolin Clay Deposit of Lakiri Village, Southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 4 (10), 592–606.
[7]	Onu, M. A., Joseph, O. Okafor, Abdusalami, S., Kovo & Yahaya, S. Mohammed (2015). Development of Optimum Conditions for Modification of Kpautagi Clay for Application in Peteroleum Refinery Waste water Treatment. Leonardo Electronic Journal of practices and Technologies, 27: 131-137.
[8]	Meshram, S. Limaye, R., Ghodke, S., Nigam, S., Sonawane, S., & Chikate, R. (2011). Methodology of Adsorbent Modifications. Chemical Engineering Journal, 172: 1008-1015.
[9]	Sonawane, G. H., Sandip, P. P., Villas, K. M & Vinod, S. S. (2017). Kinetics of Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue by ZnO - bentonite Composite. Iranian chemical communication, 5: 417-428.
[10]	Shabiimam, M. A. & Dikshit, A. K. (2012). Treatment of Municipal Landfill Leachate by Oxidants. American Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2 (2): 1-5.
[11]	Stansley, W., L. Widjeskog, & Roscoe, D. E. (1992). Lead and mobility in surface water at trap and skeet ranges. Bull. Environmental contaminants Toxicology. 49: 640-647.
[12]	Scrudata, R. J., and Estes. E. L. (1975). Clay-lead sorption relations. Environmental Geology. 1: 167-170.
[13]	Korte, P. E., J. Skopp, W. H. Fuller, E. E. Niebla, and B. A. Aleshi. (1976). Trace Element Movement in Soils, Influence of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties. Journal of Soil science. 22 (6): 350-359.
[14]	Balkaya, N. & Cesur, H. (2008). Adsorption of Cadmium from aqueous solution by Phosphogypsum. Journal of Chemical Engineering Elsevier, 140 (1-3), 247-254.
[15]	Saikia, N. & Kojima, T. (2011). Behaviours of MeCl₂ (Me: Pb and Cd) during thermal treatment of Kaolin-lime mixture. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 5 (10), 778-785.
[16]	Van't Hoff, J. H. (1898). Lectures on Theorical and Physical Chemistry, Edward Arnold, London.
[17]	Walter, E. T. & Geoffrey, P. D. (1992). Effect of Temperature on the Creatine Kinase Equilibrium. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 267 (20): 14084-14093.

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Osu Charles Ikenna, Okeacha Ezinne Grace, Iwuoha Godson Ndubuisi. (2020). Synthesis of K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite and Degradation of Leachate by K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite. Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, 4(1), 11-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12

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ACS Style

Osu Charles Ikenna; Okeacha Ezinne Grace; Iwuoha Godson Ndubuisi. Synthesis of K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite and Degradation of Leachate by K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite. J. Chem. Environ. Biol. Eng. 2020, 4(1), 11-24. doi: 10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12

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Osu Charles Ikenna, Okeacha Ezinne Grace, Iwuoha Godson Ndubuisi. Synthesis of K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite and Degradation of Leachate by K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite. J Chem Environ Biol Eng. 2020;4(1):11-24. doi: 10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12,
  author = {Osu Charles Ikenna and Okeacha Ezinne Grace and Iwuoha Godson Ndubuisi},
  title = {Synthesis of K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite and Degradation of Leachate by K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite},
  journal = {Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11-24},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jcebe.20200401.12},
  abstract = {K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-Kaolin Nano composite was synthesized by impregnating or intercalation of K3 [Fe (C2O4)3] into kaolin. The Nano composite was used to degrade landfill leachate by oxidation/reduction of organic and inorganic substances present in the landfill leachate. Landfill leachate 1 and 3 had the highest concentration of characteristics of contaminants (COD, BOD5, TDS, TSS, Organic - N, NH3 - N, Cr, Pb and Cd) than landfill leachate 2. In landfill 1, the percentage reduction of Cd, Pb, COD, NH3-N, Cr using kaolin were 88.69, 76.32, 65.6, 46.7, and 35.56 respectively which were less than the values obtained when K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-Kaolin Nano composite was used for the degradation of Cd, Pb, COD, NH3-N, and Cr with values 92.4, 83.5, 91.5, 92.4, and 81.00 respectively. In landfill 2 and 3, K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-Kaolin Nano composite demonstrated higher percentage reduction than that of the unmodified kaolin. These results showed that increasing the pH and the temperature of the solution (leachate), increased the percentage reduction of the contaminants such that the optimum temperature for the reduction of the various characteristics was at 100°C while that of pH was at 10.5 beyond this value no further significance reduction was observed therefore, at the point the reaction was said to be completed. The change in enthalpy (ΔH) value of the reaction processes were all positives which denoted that the reaction process was endothermic that is, heat was absorbed into the surrounding. The correlation factor, R2 for the three leachate samples showed less proximity and high remoteness from unity which also confirmed that the reduction process of COD, Pb and Cd using kaolin impregnated with ferrioxalate was temperature dependent reaction (Walter and Geoffrey, 1992). The change in entropy of the reaction (ΔS) is highly temperature dependent too because it is positive. The values of ΔG for the three landfill leachate samples were positives.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Synthesis of K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite and Degradation of Leachate by K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite
AU  - Osu Charles Ikenna
AU  - Okeacha Ezinne Grace
AU  - Iwuoha Godson Ndubuisi
Y1  - 2020/05/28
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12
T2  - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering
JF  - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering
JO  - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering
SP  - 11
EP  - 24
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-267X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12
AB  - K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-Kaolin Nano composite was synthesized by impregnating or intercalation of K3 [Fe (C2O4)3] into kaolin. The Nano composite was used to degrade landfill leachate by oxidation/reduction of organic and inorganic substances present in the landfill leachate. Landfill leachate 1 and 3 had the highest concentration of characteristics of contaminants (COD, BOD5, TDS, TSS, Organic - N, NH3 - N, Cr, Pb and Cd) than landfill leachate 2. In landfill 1, the percentage reduction of Cd, Pb, COD, NH3-N, Cr using kaolin were 88.69, 76.32, 65.6, 46.7, and 35.56 respectively which were less than the values obtained when K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-Kaolin Nano composite was used for the degradation of Cd, Pb, COD, NH3-N, and Cr with values 92.4, 83.5, 91.5, 92.4, and 81.00 respectively. In landfill 2 and 3, K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-Kaolin Nano composite demonstrated higher percentage reduction than that of the unmodified kaolin. These results showed that increasing the pH and the temperature of the solution (leachate), increased the percentage reduction of the contaminants such that the optimum temperature for the reduction of the various characteristics was at 100°C while that of pH was at 10.5 beyond this value no further significance reduction was observed therefore, at the point the reaction was said to be completed. The change in enthalpy (ΔH) value of the reaction processes were all positives which denoted that the reaction process was endothermic that is, heat was absorbed into the surrounding. The correlation factor, R2 for the three leachate samples showed less proximity and high remoteness from unity which also confirmed that the reduction process of COD, Pb and Cd using kaolin impregnated with ferrioxalate was temperature dependent reaction (Walter and Geoffrey, 1992). The change in entropy of the reaction (ΔS) is highly temperature dependent too because it is positive. The values of ΔG for the three landfill leachate samples were positives.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Osu Charles Ikenna

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University Of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Okeacha Ezinne Grace

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University Of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Iwuoha Godson Ndubuisi

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University Of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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APA Style

Osu Charles Ikenna, Okeacha Ezinne Grace, Iwuoha Godson Ndubuisi. (2020). Synthesis of K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite and Degradation of Leachate by K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite. Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, 4(1), 11-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12

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ACS Style

Osu Charles Ikenna; Okeacha Ezinne Grace; Iwuoha Godson Ndubuisi. Synthesis of K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite and Degradation of Leachate by K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite. J. Chem. Environ. Biol. Eng. 2020, 4(1), 11-24. doi: 10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12

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AMA Style

Osu Charles Ikenna, Okeacha Ezinne Grace, Iwuoha Godson Ndubuisi. Synthesis of K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite and Degradation of Leachate by K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite. J Chem Environ Biol Eng. 2020;4(1):11-24. doi: 10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12,
  author = {Osu Charles Ikenna and Okeacha Ezinne Grace and Iwuoha Godson Ndubuisi},
  title = {Synthesis of K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite and Degradation of Leachate by K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite},
  journal = {Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11-24},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jcebe.20200401.12},
  abstract = {K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-Kaolin Nano composite was synthesized by impregnating or intercalation of K3 [Fe (C2O4)3] into kaolin. The Nano composite was used to degrade landfill leachate by oxidation/reduction of organic and inorganic substances present in the landfill leachate. Landfill leachate 1 and 3 had the highest concentration of characteristics of contaminants (COD, BOD5, TDS, TSS, Organic - N, NH3 - N, Cr, Pb and Cd) than landfill leachate 2. In landfill 1, the percentage reduction of Cd, Pb, COD, NH3-N, Cr using kaolin were 88.69, 76.32, 65.6, 46.7, and 35.56 respectively which were less than the values obtained when K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-Kaolin Nano composite was used for the degradation of Cd, Pb, COD, NH3-N, and Cr with values 92.4, 83.5, 91.5, 92.4, and 81.00 respectively. In landfill 2 and 3, K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-Kaolin Nano composite demonstrated higher percentage reduction than that of the unmodified kaolin. These results showed that increasing the pH and the temperature of the solution (leachate), increased the percentage reduction of the contaminants such that the optimum temperature for the reduction of the various characteristics was at 100°C while that of pH was at 10.5 beyond this value no further significance reduction was observed therefore, at the point the reaction was said to be completed. The change in enthalpy (ΔH) value of the reaction processes were all positives which denoted that the reaction process was endothermic that is, heat was absorbed into the surrounding. The correlation factor, R2 for the three leachate samples showed less proximity and high remoteness from unity which also confirmed that the reduction process of COD, Pb and Cd using kaolin impregnated with ferrioxalate was temperature dependent reaction (Walter and Geoffrey, 1992). The change in entropy of the reaction (ΔS) is highly temperature dependent too because it is positive. The values of ΔG for the three landfill leachate samples were positives.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Synthesis of K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite and Degradation of Leachate by K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-kaolin Nanocomposite
AU  - Osu Charles Ikenna
AU  - Okeacha Ezinne Grace
AU  - Iwuoha Godson Ndubuisi
Y1  - 2020/05/28
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12
T2  - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering
JF  - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering
JO  - Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering
SP  - 11
EP  - 24
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-267X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jcebe.20200401.12
AB  - K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-Kaolin Nano composite was synthesized by impregnating or intercalation of K3 [Fe (C2O4)3] into kaolin. The Nano composite was used to degrade landfill leachate by oxidation/reduction of organic and inorganic substances present in the landfill leachate. Landfill leachate 1 and 3 had the highest concentration of characteristics of contaminants (COD, BOD5, TDS, TSS, Organic - N, NH3 - N, Cr, Pb and Cd) than landfill leachate 2. In landfill 1, the percentage reduction of Cd, Pb, COD, NH3-N, Cr using kaolin were 88.69, 76.32, 65.6, 46.7, and 35.56 respectively which were less than the values obtained when K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-Kaolin Nano composite was used for the degradation of Cd, Pb, COD, NH3-N, and Cr with values 92.4, 83.5, 91.5, 92.4, and 81.00 respectively. In landfill 2 and 3, K3 [Fe (C2O4)3]-Kaolin Nano composite demonstrated higher percentage reduction than that of the unmodified kaolin. These results showed that increasing the pH and the temperature of the solution (leachate), increased the percentage reduction of the contaminants such that the optimum temperature for the reduction of the various characteristics was at 100°C while that of pH was at 10.5 beyond this value no further significance reduction was observed therefore, at the point the reaction was said to be completed. The change in enthalpy (ΔH) value of the reaction processes were all positives which denoted that the reaction process was endothermic that is, heat was absorbed into the surrounding. The correlation factor, R2 for the three leachate samples showed less proximity and high remoteness from unity which also confirmed that the reduction process of COD, Pb and Cd using kaolin impregnated with ferrioxalate was temperature dependent reaction (Walter and Geoffrey, 1992). The change in entropy of the reaction (ΔS) is highly temperature dependent too because it is positive. The values of ΔG for the three landfill leachate samples were positives.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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