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Research Article
Lithostratigraphy and Petrography of Mesozoic Sedimentary Rocks of Lemi Area, North Shewa, Central Ethiopia
Ajebush Wuletaw*
,
Bishaw Mihret
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2024
Pages:
116-126
Received:
4 May 2024
Accepted:
20 May 2024
Published:
4 July 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.earth.20241304.11
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Abstract: The Mesozoic sedimentary basins in Ethiopia, particularly the Central Ethiopia, and Blue Nile Basin within the central main Ethiopian rift region are characterized by a diverse range of volcano-sedimentary rocks dominated by sedimentary sequences. The lithostratigraphy and petrology of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of Lemi area, North Shewa, in Central Ethiopia within the Blue Nile basin, is described based on detailed field observations, lithostratigraphic analysis, petrographic examinations. The lithological units identified during fieldwork include Mudstone, Sandstone, and Basaltic rock formations. The sandstone unit in the study covers an estimated average thickness is 237 meters with intercalations of thinly bedded mudstone. The average thickness of each sandstone units (coarse (23 meters), medium (90 meters) and fine-grained (115 meters) sandstone unit) are varying from place to place within the study area. The stratigraphic section logs in four each block (Geza Washa, Dalota, Ruka, and Gosh Wiha) shows coarsening upward indicating the depositional environment transition from deep marine to the fluvial environment. The results of the study reveal the geological history and paleoenvironmental conditions of the Mesozoic sedimentary rocks in the Lemi area. This study contributes to our understanding of the geological processes that have influenced the formation of the Lemi area and provides valuable interpretations of regional geology.
Abstract: The Mesozoic sedimentary basins in Ethiopia, particularly the Central Ethiopia, and Blue Nile Basin within the central main Ethiopian rift region are characterized by a diverse range of volcano-sedimentary rocks dominated by sedimentary sequences. The lithostratigraphy and petrology of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of Lemi area, North Shewa, in Centra...
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Review Article
A Review of Integration Techniques of Multi-Geoscience Data-Sets in Mineral Prospectivity Mapping
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2024
Pages:
127-140
Received:
4 June 2024
Accepted:
25 June 2024
Published:
9 July 2024
Abstract: In every sphere and utility aspects of human life, there is need of metals and construction materials. Minerals which are below the near subsurface is almost explored on the basis of direct geospatial evidences. There is high demand of metals and other materials which are mined below the surface of earth In the current landscape, there's a demand for faster and more precise exploration strategies, particularly emphasizing Greenfield exploration and deep-seated mineralization. This paper conducts a comprehensive review of existing methodologies for integrating multi-geoscience datasets aimed at mineral prognostication, with a focus on identifying the most precise and authentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) - based data integration techniques. Additionally, it offers insights into the current status of mineral exploration in India and the global evolution of data integration practices. Several types of geoscientific datasets i.e. geological, geophysical, geochemical and geospectral data have to be organized in geospatial domain for meaningful mineral exploration outcome. These datasets have been processed to extract exploratory indicator layers for data integration are called Mineral Prospectivity Mapping (MPM). Indeed, MPM is a multiple criterion decision making (MCDM) task which provide a predictive model for categorizing of sought areas in terms of ore mineralization. There after based upon Geological factors i.e. lithology, structure, shear & fault zones, alteration zones etc. of sought mineralized area, selection of drilling parameters (depth, angle, level, type, rpm, feed) is done for resource assessment. Literature survey suggests that minerals exploration by integrated approach on the basis of these datasets is still poorly performed. It has been gathered that knowledge-driven data integration using Fuzzy Gamma Operator and Multiclass Index Overlay method is best suited for mineral exploration. In past, few researchers of other countries have exploited data integration approach with encouraging results. Despite the abundance of data available in India, this approach has not been utilized very successfully and no standard protocols exist even for decision making for drilling operation. Thus, it's evident that employing the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) algorithm, particularly utilizing the Fuzzy Gamma Operator and Multiclass Index Overlay integration method, remains underutilized in designing standardized operating procedures (SOP) for mineral exploration in India and decision-making for drilling operations. This approach holds promise for minimizing time lag and optimizing resources such as manpower, instruments, and finances.
Abstract: In every sphere and utility aspects of human life, there is need of metals and construction materials. Minerals which are below the near subsurface is almost explored on the basis of direct geospatial evidences. There is high demand of metals and other materials which are mined below the surface of earth In the current landscape, there's a demand f...
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Research Article
Study on Vertical Distribution of Sediment Concentration in the Tidal Estuary
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2024
Pages:
141-150
Received:
25 June 2024
Accepted:
22 July 2024
Published:
20 August 2024
Abstract: The vertical distribution of sediment concentration in estuaries is the core issue of suspended sediment transport. At present, there are many researches on the vertical distribution of sediment concentration in rivers, and a lot of results have been achieved, but that in estuaries is seldom studied. The Yellow River Estuary (YRE) and the Qiantang River Estuary (QRE) are typical tidal estuaries with strong erosion/deposition and high concentration in China. Under the action of alternating tidal flow, the suspended sediment transport shows significant time-varying and non-equilibrium transport characteristics. The vertical distribution of sediment concentration is quite different from that of ordinary rivers. This paper analyzes the vertical distribution of sediment concentration under the action of tidal currents based on the theory of sediment movement and diffusion. Compared with equilibrium sediment transport, the vertical distribution of sediment concentration only differs by one vertical distribution coefficient. Based on the analysis of the measured data, it is found that the vertical distribution of sediment concentration in the YRE and QRE is mostly exponential. Firstly, the multivariate relationship between the vertical distribution coefficient and the sediment saturation and suspension index is established by means of the measured water and sediment data of the QRE. The correlation coefficient R2 was above 0.64, which has a good correlation. Finally, the established relationship was validated using measured water and sediment data from the YRE, and the results were basically consistent, indicating that the established formula for vertical distribution of sediment concentration is suitable for general tidal estuaries, and has a certain reference value for the simulation of sediment transport in the YRE and QRE.
Abstract: The vertical distribution of sediment concentration in estuaries is the core issue of suspended sediment transport. At present, there are many researches on the vertical distribution of sediment concentration in rivers, and a lot of results have been achieved, but that in estuaries is seldom studied. The Yellow River Estuary (YRE) and the Qiantang ...
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Research Article
Properties of Biochar Prepared by Solar Pyrolysis and Its Adsorption of Cu2+ in Water
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2024
Pages:
151-162
Received:
9 July 2024
Accepted:
14 August 2024
Published:
20 August 2024
Abstract: This study investigates the potential of biochar produced via a solar pyrolysis system and its effectiveness in removing copper (Cu2+) ions from water, presenting a sustainable and energy-efficient method for biochar production and biomass recycling. Two common agricultural and livestock wastes, corn straw and cow dung, were used as raw materials to produce biochar. These materials underwent solar pyrolysis under limited oxygen conditions to produce biochar, which was then compared to biochar produced via traditional pyrolysis. The comparison involved elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and specific surface area and pore size analysis to highlight differences in their physical and chemical properties. Adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the adsorptive capacity of biochar for copper ions (Cu2+) from water, determining the optimal pH conditions and underlying adsorption mechanisms. The findings reveal that biochar produced through solar pyrolysis exhibits similar properties and Cu2+ adsorption capacities to those prepared by traditional methods. Specifically, cow dung biochar demonstrated a higher adsorption capacity for Cu2+ compared to corn straw biochar. The Cu2+ adsorption by corn straw biochar followed the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model and pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, whereas cow dung biochar conformed to the Freundlich isothermal adsorption model and pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. By demonstrating the comparable efficacy of solar pyrolysis biochar in heavy metal adsorption, this study highlights its potential for sustainable environmental remediation and biomass utilization.
Abstract: This study investigates the potential of biochar produced via a solar pyrolysis system and its effectiveness in removing copper (Cu2+) ions from water, presenting a sustainable and energy-efficient method for biochar production and biomass recycling. Two common agricultural and livestock wastes, corn straw and cow dung, were used as raw materials t...
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Research Article
Study on Methylene Blue Adsorption Properties of Biochar/Montmorillonite Composites
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2024
Pages:
163-181
Received:
10 July 2024
Accepted:
14 August 2024
Published:
20 August 2024
Abstract: The textile printing and dyeing industry, as one of the important pillars of the global economy, has become an environmental problem that needs to be solved because of the increasingly serious pollution of dye wastewater generated during its production process. Dye wastewater not only contains high concentrations of organic dyes, but also often accompanied by heavy metal ions, additives and salts and other pollutants, if discharged directly without effective treatment, will seriously pollute the water body, destroying the ecological balance, and affecting the survival and health of human beings and aquatic organisms. In order to deal with the problems of serious pollution, large discharge and high cost of dye wastewater, it is necessary to develop an efficient, economic and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment system. It is particularly important to develop efficient, economical and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment technologies. Adsorption is considered as a promising method for wastewater treatment. In this study, we focused on the development of new and efficient adsorbent materials. Taking methylene blue, a typical dye, as an example, we skillfully composited modified biochar with montmorillonite, a natural mineral material, through pyrolysis and intercalation strategies, and conducted in-depth investigations on the effects of the composites on the adsorption of methylene blue in water, the factors affecting the regeneration performance of the adsorbents, and the thermodynamic characteristics of the adsorption. The effect of the composite material on the adsorption of methylene blue in water, the factors affecting the regeneration performance of the adsorbent and the adsorption thermodynamic characteristics were investigated in depth, with a view to providing certain theoretical and practical references for the effective treatment of dye wastewater.
Abstract: The textile printing and dyeing industry, as one of the important pillars of the global economy, has become an environmental problem that needs to be solved because of the increasingly serious pollution of dye wastewater generated during its production process. Dye wastewater not only contains high concentrations of organic dyes, but also often acc...
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