Review Article
Exploitation of Ethiopian Coffee Land-race Potentials: Market Demand Oriented Specialty Variety Development
Melaku Addisu,
Lemi Beksisa,
Desalegn Alemayehu*
,
Ashenafi Ayano,
Fekadu Tefera,
Tadesse Benti,
Abrar Sualeh,
Kalifa Nasiro,
Mohammedsani Zakir,
Dawit Merga,
Gabisa Giddisa,
Asfaw Adugna,
Leta Ajema,
Sintayehu Girma
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, August 2024
Pages:
60-73
Received:
10 July 2024
Accepted:
5 August 2024
Published:
20 August 2024
Abstract: Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is the major cash crop of Ethiopia. The country is ecologically very diverse which allows the coffee plant to grow under wide range of environments between altitudes of 550 to 2600 m. a.s.l. Ethiopia, being the place of origin for Arabica coffee, is endowed with genetic pool wealth of the crop and with enabling environmental conditions to sustainably produce and supply fine specialty coffee that can address emerging international market demand. The prevailing wide range of ecological condition in the country has have allowed the production of coffees of different types that are with uniquely distinctive quality profile, resistance to major diseases, plant growth and yield potential among many other desirable traits. Of the coffees produced in Ethiopia, the most popular internationally branded types (named depending on area of production) are; Sidama, Yirga-cheffe, Limmu, Gimbi and Harerghe coffees. These specific coffee localities, despite their valuable potential and the recognition they deserved on the world market, were lacking their own improved local varieties where they had been using coffee varieties released for other areas (south-western region) until the 2010. However, most of southwest varieties showed multitude of constraints such as poor adaptation and inherent quality adulteration under the locations. Cognizant of this problem, local land race variety development program was designed and implemented to promote sustainable production of the distinct coffee types by origin maintaining inherent qualities of the specific localities for enhanced export market expansion. Through this breeding approach so far, outstanding achievements were recorded in germplasm collection, evaluation for desirable agronomical traits, and generation of basic information on the genetics aspects, and development and release of 12 speciality varieties suiting for the specific coffee landraces in Ethiopia, i.e., 4 Harerghe, 4 Wollega/Gimbi, 3 Sidama/Yirgachefe and 1 Limu coffees. As the main focus areas of future Arabica coffee landrace improvement program, it would be vital to give due attention to further identification of new and distinctive landraces, extensive collection of coffee genetic resource from unaddressed localities, application of molecular breeding techniques such as marker assisted selection and breeding for major /emerging/ diseases and stress tolerance, among others.
Abstract: Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is the major cash crop of Ethiopia. The country is ecologically very diverse which allows the coffee plant to grow under wide range of environments between altitudes of 550 to 2600 m. a.s.l. Ethiopia, being the place of origin for Arabica coffee, is endowed with genetic pool wealth of the crop and with enabling environmen...
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Research Article
Racial Affirmative Action and the Consensus on Phenotypic Hetero-Identification: Notes on the State Universities of the Brazilian Midwest
Bruno De Oliveira Ribeiro*,
Paulo Alberto Dos Santos Vieira
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, August 2024
Pages:
74-85
Received:
11 December 2023
Accepted:
24 February 2024
Published:
30 August 2024
Abstract: Racial affirmative action policies in Brazil have recently reached consensus in their technical procedures for defining black subjects of law, through phenotypic heteroidentification panels. Such panels aim to minimize reports of fraud, legitimize the subjects of affirmative policy law and provide legal security to institutions. This article revisits the construction of this consensus. Before 2012, the landmark Law 12,711, which standardizes affirmative actions in Federal Higher Education Institutions, there was a diversity of understandings and selection procedures. Currently, there is a unified model for these federal institutions and homogeneity regarding the phenotypic heteroidentification procedure. As federal legislation is not imposed on state universities, we highlight similarities and differences between the hegemonic model of phenotypic heteroidentification of federal and state universities in the Midwest. Methodologically, we conducted documentary and bibliographical research on the selection processes of State Universities in the Central-West region, with an emphasis on the different models of phenotypic heteroidentification implemented throughout the 21st century. The results indicate, in many ways, an essentialization of black identity and a depoliticization of the public debate on racial issues in Brazil. We therefore assess that this resulted in a decrease of criticism of the formation of Brazilian national identity and the establishment of objective parameters for the definition of black subjects of law.
Abstract: Racial affirmative action policies in Brazil have recently reached consensus in their technical procedures for defining black subjects of law, through phenotypic heteroidentification panels. Such panels aim to minimize reports of fraud, legitimize the subjects of affirmative policy law and provide legal security to institutions. This article revisi...
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Review Article
A Systematic Review: Educational Supervision in Different Countries from Instructional Improvement Perspective
Tolcha Eshete Regassa*,
Tadesse Regassa Mamo
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, August 2024
Pages:
86-96
Received:
31 January 2024
Accepted:
24 February 2024
Published:
30 August 2024
Abstract: The systematic review was based on five different articles focused on educational supervision from five different countries searched and systematically reviewed. The purpose of systematic review was to identify, evaluate and summarize the findings of relevant individual previous studies over the issue related thereby making the available more accessible for decision makers. Twenty one literatures were searched and ten were screened. Five of them had different methods and the date of publication stated in the criteria became outdated. The remaining five articles were qualitatively conducted which were similar in methods included and systematically reviewed. Four important different excel spreadsheet protocol were prepared and attached to the appendix. Four important thematic area of the review selected to be analyzed were purpose of supervision, quality of a good supervisor, problem related to supervision, and approach to educational supervision (clinical supervision, peer supervision, collaborative supervision, self-directed and mentoring). The findings of the review revealed that several important of educational supervision for teachers’ professional development and improvement of teaching-learning process. There are different approaches of educational supervision to support teacher professional development in order to improve teaching learning. The reviewer recommended that teachers to be able to carry out their role effectively, it is necessary to apply appropriate approach of supervision in the schools. Finance and shortage of experienced supervisor have impact on the role of supervision in the school system which proper attention should be given for effective supervision.
Abstract: The systematic review was based on five different articles focused on educational supervision from five different countries searched and systematically reviewed. The purpose of systematic review was to identify, evaluate and summarize the findings of relevant individual previous studies over the issue related thereby making the available more acces...
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