Research Article
Evaluation of Compliance of Urban Land Use Zones to Integrated Land Use Plan in Meru Municipality, Meru County, Kenya
James Muthomi Riungu
,
Moses Kathuri Njeru*,
Paul Njue Nyaga
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
1-7
Received:
5 August 2024
Accepted:
24 August 2024
Published:
24 February 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sr.20251301.11
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Views:
Abstract: Purpose: The study determined the factors that influenced Urban Land-Use zones compliance to integrated land use plan of Meru municipality in Meru County, Kenya. Methodology: The study collected data from. A sample of 389 residents from a population of 88,871 using Krejcie and Morgan formulae. Questionnaires, interviews, and observations were used to collect data from developers and key informants the data was sorted, processed, and analyzed using Microsoft Excel SPSS software to produce tables and graphs showing the various factors influencing land use zones compliance to integrated land use plan. Findings: The study identified ten factors that influenced land use zones compliance to LUP which included: corruption, desire to maximise profit on plots, high fees charged by the development professionals, ignorance, political interference, lack of adequate public awareness, high poverty levels, poor land use plan enforcement, historical factors and complexity of the land use plan regulations Unique contributor to policy and practice: This research is therefore beneficial to policy makers since it examines the effectiveness of land use plan in guiding spatial distribution of developments. It is vital in making future decisions by county governments who play pivotal role in spatial planning. The study is also beneficial to urban planners since it has given out spatial planning recommendations that are appropriate in modern society.
Abstract: Purpose: The study determined the factors that influenced Urban Land-Use zones compliance to integrated land use plan of Meru municipality in Meru County, Kenya. Methodology: The study collected data from. A sample of 389 residents from a population of 88,871 using Krejcie and Morgan formulae. Questionnaires, interviews, and observations were used ...
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Research Article
Hybrid Method Carbon Dioxide Flooding with Solvent and Temperature for Asphaltene Precipitation
Jean Bedel Batchamen Mougnol*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
8-13
Received:
26 January 2025
Accepted:
10 February 2025
Published:
26 February 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sr.20251301.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Asphaltene precipitation and deposition are well-known problems in the transportation and processing of oil recovery. The cause of asphaltene is triggered by various factors such as changes in pressure, temperature (T), and gas (carbon dioxide) flooding (CO2). The study aimed to investigate the best economical method that can best enhance oil recovery (EOR). Two hybrid methods carbon dioxide flooding/ solvent (C5) and carbon dioxide flooding/ solvent (C5) /temperature were considered for the study. Firstly, the study was explored by singly utilizing pentane, hexane and heptane alkane solvents at different volumes to each of the three dead crude oils A, B and C. The study proves that the lower molecular weight and boiling point (C5) managed to deasphaltene 24.0 g/mL from solvent/oil ratio 20:1/2; 100 mL into 2.5 g. This was due to the higher repulsive force between the solvent and the asphaltene. The study was further extended using the hybrid method and proven carbon dioxide/solvent (C5)/temperature (90°) in precipitating higher asphaltene. The selection of pentane was based on its ability to meet the saturation point of the oil reservoir and EOR. The weaker London dispersion and the intermolecular forces between asphaltene and crude oil were the mechanisms responsible for the asphaltene precipitation.
Abstract: Asphaltene precipitation and deposition are well-known problems in the transportation and processing of oil recovery. The cause of asphaltene is triggered by various factors such as changes in pressure, temperature (T), and gas (carbon dioxide) flooding (CO2). The study aimed to investigate the best economical method that can best enhance oil recov...
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