Research Article
Removal of PPCPs from Water by Adsorption on Activated Carbons
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
25-36
Received:
3 May 2026
Accepted:
14 May 2026
Published:
26 May 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20261102.11
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Abstract: This study demonstrated that activated carbon from waste PET bottle, could be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of SMX and CBZ. Four adsorbents from waste PET bottle were experimented to remove SMX and CBZ from aqueous solution. The effects of various factors, such as the initial adsorbate concentration, temperature effect and contact time were investigated in series of experiments. To determine the effect of activation agent contents on SMX and CBZ adsorption, 1000 mg/l of SMX and CBZ was studied taking into account an initial concentration. The amount of each of the activated carbons used is 0.150 g and the shaking time used is 72 hours. The results of the adsorption tests showed the effectiveness of all adsorbents used for the elimination of the two PPCPS materials used. According to the removal capacity results of the 4 activated carbons used on the adsorption of SMX and CBZ, it seems that the activated carbon 1/4 with composite with (Coal=1 and KOH=4) gave the highest adsorption quantity (251.12 mg/g and 250.195 mg/g, respectively for SMX and CBZ) followed by activated carbon 2/4 with composite with (Coal=2 and KOH=4) gave (241.37 mg/g and 248.77 mg/g, respectively for SMX and CBZ). On the other side the lowest adsorption capacity of 4/4 gave (194.17 mg/g and 240.301 mg/g, respectively for SMX and CBZ) were recorded for (Coal=4 and KOH=4). The pseudo-second order model and Langmuir isotherm showed a better description of experimental adsorption data for SMX and CBZ than others models used.
Abstract: This study demonstrated that activated carbon from waste PET bottle, could be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of SMX and CBZ. Four adsorbents from waste PET bottle were experimented to remove SMX and CBZ from aqueous solution. The effects of various factors, such as the initial adsorbate concentration, temperature effect and contact ...
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Research Article
Seasonal Variation in the Concentrations of Radionuclides and Radiological Health Assessment of Some Tin Mining Areas of Barkin Ladi Lga of Plateau State Nigeria
Sati Lubis,
Ogori Boniface Otokpa*,
Bakji Gomerep,
Goshit Wubaknenkat Christopher
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
37-45
Received:
29 April 2026
Accepted:
19 May 2026
Published:
29 May 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20261102.12
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Abstract: Radionuclides are found not only in the earth's crust but also in all of its environments, including soil, water, and the atmosphere. This is as a result of naturally occurring radioactive series of 238U and 232Th. Barkin Ladi Local Government Area is located in the heart of Northern Nigeria and is distinguished by its rough, low terrain. This area serves as the focal point for younger granites and is the primary center of tin and columbite mineralization. Samples were taken in February and July and examined with a gamma-ray spectrometer to evaluate seasonal variation in radionuclide concentrations. The average ranges of radionuclide concentrations are shown by the results In February: 40K (209.9957 ± 0.27 to 271.3964 ± 0.54 Bq/kg), 226Ra (69.3912 ± 0.16 to 98.0745 ± 0.88 Bq/kg), and 232Th (78.0992 ± 0.86 to 97.4741 ± 0.31 Bq/kg). In July: 40K (184.7383 ± 0.36 to 208.0652 ± 0.08 Bq/kg), 226Ra (65.9556 ± 0.40 to 78.4196 ± 0.76 Bq/kg), and 232Th (75.6379 ± 0.98 to 86.4623 ± 0.94 Bq/kg). The results show a decrease in 40K and 232Th concentrations during the wet season compared to the dry season, with an average decrease of 11.40% and 10.30%, respectively. All 40K results were below the recommended limit of 412 Bq/kg, while 226Ra and 232Th results exceeded the world averages of 33 Bq/kg and 45 Bq/kg, respectively. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and organic carbon (OC) values ranged from: Dry season: pH (4.20 - 5.81), EC (397.07 - 697), and OC (0.69 - 1.21). Wet season: pH (5.55 - 6.42), EC (302.16 - 489), and OC (0.43 - 0.86). Excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) values were highest in locations N (4.3 x 10-4) and F (4.2 x 10-4), indicating elevated cancer risk associated with radiation exposure in these areas. In conclusion, the study reveals that the soil samples in the different locations are polluted with radionuclides 226Ra and 232Th, particularly during the dry season. The results also suggest that people living in the study area may be at risk of developing cancer due to prolonged radiation exposure. Therefore, it is essential to take measures to mitigate radiation exposure and ensure the radiological safety of the area.
Abstract: Radionuclides are found not only in the earth's crust but also in all of its environments, including soil, water, and the atmosphere. This is as a result of naturally occurring radioactive series of 238U and 232Th. Barkin Ladi Local Government Area is located in the heart of Northern Nigeria and is distinguished by its rough, low terrain. This area...
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,
Mamadou Dian Kante
