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A Comparison Between the Diagnostic Results of Short Wavelength Automated Perimetry and Standard Automated Perimetry in Glaucoma Patients: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study
Bushra Bayerly,
Yusuf Suleiman,
Kahtan Jalloul
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
101-105
Received:
31 August 2022
Accepted:
16 September 2022
Published:
11 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijovs.20220704.11
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Abstract: Background: The aim is to compare the diagnostic results of Short Wavelength Automated Blue on Yellow Perimetry (SWAP) with Standard Automated White on White Perimetry (W-W) in glaucoma-suspect and glaucomatous patients and to evaluate the role of SWAP in the early detection of glaucomatous visual field deficits as they are usually discovered, using W-W, only when they have reached an advanced stage. Material and methods: In this cross-sectional comparative study, held in Tishreen University Hospital – Ophthalmology Department from January 2021 to January 2022, 51 eyes of 31 subjects were enrolled. they underwent full ophthalmological examination including bio microscopy, Intraocular Pressure (IOP) measurement by means of Goldmann's applanation tonometry, and color vision testing using Ishihara's plates. The participants were divided into two groups: a Glaucoma- suspect group (31 eyes) and a Glaucomatous group (20 eyes). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects after the nature and possible consequences of the procedure had been fully explained to them. As all included subjects were familiar with SAP, we conducted two tests on each subject; first SAP (G pattern) then SWAP using (OCTOPUS 900) perimeter. The two testing sessions were separated by resting periods. The reliability parameters, test duration and visual field global indices were compared between W-W and SWAP. Results: In the Glaucoma- suspect group Mean Sensitivity (MS) was significantly higher in W-W than SWAP (P:0.0001). Both Mean Defect (MD) and Square Root of Loss of Variance (sLV) were significantly higher in SWAP (P:0.0001). Reliability Factor was greater in SWAP but not statistically significant (P:0.07). In the Glaucomatous group MS was significantly higher in W-W (P:0.0001). MD was significantly higher in SWAP (P:0.0001), as well as sLV (P:0.04). Reliability Factor was significantly greater in SWAP (P:0.02). And Test Time was significantly longer in SWAP in both Glaucoma-suspect and Glaucomatous groups (P:0.0001 & P:0.002) respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that SWAP is superior to W-W in identifying patients with early glaucoma, ocular hypertension, glaucoma suspects and patients with progressive optic disc cupping and may therefore be quite useful for determining early and progressive changes in glaucoma. However, in order to conclude that SWAP is an early indicator of glaucomatous damage, longer follow-up is required. And with the longer time needed to conduct SWAP, W-W remains the gold standard with SWAP being a valuable tool in the process.
Abstract: Background: The aim is to compare the diagnostic results of Short Wavelength Automated Blue on Yellow Perimetry (SWAP) with Standard Automated White on White Perimetry (W-W) in glaucoma-suspect and glaucomatous patients and to evaluate the role of SWAP in the early detection of glaucomatous visual field deficits as they are usually discovered, usin...
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Diabete et Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Comparison of RNFL Progression and Ganglion Cell Loss in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients
Soukaina Haddougui,
Salma Bajjouk,
Mounia Bouchaar,
Mehdi Khamaily,
Yassine Mouzari,
Karim Reda,
Abdelbarre Oubaaz
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
106-110
Received:
11 October 2022
Accepted:
31 October 2022
Published:
11 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijovs.20220704.12
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Abstract: Primary open-angle glaucoma is a progressive chronic optic neuropathy, typically bilateral, that occurs after the age of 40 years. It is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Primary open-angle glaucoma corresponds to a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cell characterized by an excavation of the optic disc associated with typical visual field defects. Objective of the study: To evaluate the impact of diabetes on the evolution of RNFL thickness and ganglion cell layer in patients followed for primary open-angle glaucoma. Materiels and methods: Our 4-year retrospective study between 2017 and 2021 included 80 patients (160 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma divided into 2 comparable groups: the 1st group patients primary open-angle glaucoma without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-) and the 2nd group patientsprimary open-angle glaucomawith type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM+). Results: The average age was 59 years for the 1st group and 62 years for the 2nd group, the sex ratio was 1.2 for the 1st group and 1 for the 2nd group, an average follow-up between 3 and 4 years. Concerning the RNFL, the loss for the diabetic group was -3.33µm/year and significantly slower than that in the group with glaucoma alone which was 3.8 µm/year with a p less than 0.001. For ganglion cells, the loss for the diabetic group was 3.2 µm/year is significantly faster than that in the group with glaucoma alone which was -1.56µm/year with a p less than 0.001. Conclusion: Diabetes probably plays a confounding role in relation to RNFL prompting vigilance in the follow-up of primary open-angle glaucoma. A larger longitudinal study with a larger sample size is needed to accurately quantify the impact on RNFL.
Abstract: Primary open-angle glaucoma is a progressive chronic optic neuropathy, typically bilateral, that occurs after the age of 40 years. It is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Primary open-angle glaucoma corresponds to a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cell characterized by an excavation of the optic disc associated w...
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Current Research Perspectives on Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatment Options for Myopia
Nozhat Choudry,
Hanna Rao,
Najam Arfeen Sharif
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
111-125
Received:
12 September 2022
Accepted:
14 November 2022
Published:
22 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijovs.20220704.13
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Abstract: Myopia is primarily a cause of impaired vision in people under the age of 40, if left uncorrected. However, high myopia can result in uncorrectable vision loss through the development of pathological myopia, but this generally does not become a significant issue until people are aged 50 and over. Even though high prevalence of myopia is currently restricted to school-age children in the countries of East Asia, namely South Korea, Japan, China, including Hong Kong and Macau, Taiwan, and Singapore in Southeast Asia, by the year 2050, roughly half the people on the planet will be myopic. Major risk factors associated with myopia are related to environmental factors and cultural demands requiring children to undergo extensive schooling which results in reduction of time outdoors in natural light. High myopia is a significant risk factor for serious ocular conditions such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, early onset of retinal detachment and cataracts. A variety of therapeutic options are available to slow the advancement of the disease and significantly correct the condition. In recent years, several novel treatment strategies and approaches have been evaluated in clinical trials and have altered the therapeutic landscape for myopia. This review will summarize the epidemiology of this disease, cover some recent clinical advances, and existing and novel treatment options to combat myopia. Pharmacological options include muscarinic receptor antagonists, FP-class prostaglandins, and certain neurotrophic blockers including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors. The nonpharmacological treatment options include multifocal soft contact lenses, orthokeratology, and exposure to outdoor light. A brief discourse on the laboratory science related to animal models and discovery research of novel anti-myopic drugs will also be presented.
Abstract: Myopia is primarily a cause of impaired vision in people under the age of 40, if left uncorrected. However, high myopia can result in uncorrectable vision loss through the development of pathological myopia, but this generally does not become a significant issue until people are aged 50 and over. Even though high prevalence of myopia is currently r...
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Long-Term Observation of Intravitreal Injection of Ranibizumab Combined with Ozurdex® in the Treatment of Retinal Vein Occlusion with Macular Edema
Xuemei Liang,
Baiyun Shen•Zuguo Ou,
Hongmei An,
Li Li
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
126-130
Received:
25 October 2022
Accepted:
11 November 2022
Published:
22 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijovs.20220704.14
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Abstract: Background: To evaluate the duration and long-term efficacy of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) combined with Ozurdex® (DEX) in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion with macular edema (RVO-ME). Methods: This retrospective case study included 38 patients with non-ischemic RVO-ME who were initially treated by intravitreal injection of IVR combined with DEX. Patients with recurrence of macular edema continued with IVR+DEX therapy. Data were recorded for all patients at baseline and at 1 week, and 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 12 months after treatment. The primary outcome measures were the average reinjection interval and the number of injection needles. Results: The mean interval for reinjection of RVO-ME was 134.2±9.1 days. The average number of injection needles was 4.2±1.1, and 65.8% of patients received 4 injection needles. There was no significant difference in mean reinjection interval and injection needle between central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) patients. At the end of follow-up, the mean improvement of BCVA in CRVO and BRVO patients was 0.29±0.26 and 0.31±0.33, respectively, and 52.6% (20/38) patients experienced visual acuity improvement of > 3 lines. The average decrease in CFT was 406.0±272.3 μm and 408.2±379.9 μm, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two types of RVO-ME in BCVA improvement and CFT reduction (p=0.82 and 0.98). Conclusions: Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab combined with Ozurdex® led to better efficacy, fewer injections, lower medical burden, and more controllable side effects.
Abstract: Background: To evaluate the duration and long-term efficacy of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) combined with Ozurdex® (DEX) in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion with macular edema (RVO-ME). Methods: This retrospective case study included 38 patients with non-ischemic RVO-ME who were initially treated by intravitreal injection of I...
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A Study of Outcome of Cataract Surgery in Patients with Pre-operative Ocular Co-morbidities
Ajit Kamalakar Joshi,
Medha Manur Bindu
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
131-136
Received:
22 November 2022
Accepted:
14 December 2022
Published:
28 December 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijovs.20220704.16
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Abstract: Purpose - To determine pattern of ocular co – morbidities & their influence on post operative visual outcome in patients subjected to cataract surgery. Method - Study was observational & prospective. Patients having cataract with local co-morbidities were subjected to MSICS, after detailed ocular examination and investigations. Necessary intra – op modifications pertaining to ocular co-morbidities were done. Patients were followed up on 1st, 7th & 30th Post op days and BCVA was recorded. Results – 42 eyes of 42 patients were included in study. 59.52% of the subjects were male and 40.47% were females. ARMD was the most common co – morbidity (28.5%), followed by Pseudo-exfoliation (23.80%). 11.9% of the patients had Diabetic retinopathy (DR), 9.52% of the patients had glaucoma and CNVM. 9.52% patients were found to have RD. Corneal disease was present in 7.14% of patients. 4.76% of patients had pterygium. There was improvement in BCVA post operatively in patients having ARMD, PXF, DR & Pterygium. But in patients with Corneal disease, Glaucoma, RD and CNVM, the improvement in BCVA was less evident. Presence of ocular co- morbidities pre operatively in patients subjected to MSICS has adverse effect on post operative outcome of the surgery. Conclusion - Identification of pre existing ocular co – morbidities in patients undergoing cataract surgery by necessary investigations in order to control the co – morbidities and to customise surgical plan, will help in improving outcome of cataract surgery along with quality of life in patients.
Abstract: Purpose - To determine pattern of ocular co – morbidities & their influence on post operative visual outcome in patients subjected to cataract surgery. Method - Study was observational & prospective. Patients having cataract with local co-morbidities were subjected to MSICS, after detailed ocular examination and investigations. Necessary intra – op...
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