Research Article
Formal Public Transportation in New Cairo: A Study in Urban Transport Geography Using Geographic Information Systems
Atef Hafez Salama*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2026
Pages:
133-151
Received:
11 June 2026
Accepted:
24 June 2026
Published:
27 July 2026
Abstract: Urbanization necessitates the provision of transportation, including roads, stations, and bus routes. Achieving social justice requires the availability of formal public transportation. Therefore, this research discusses three elements: roads, formal public transportation stations, and formal public transportation routes, to reveal the role of public transportation in the urbanization of New Cairo. Through quantitative and spatial analysis using Geographic Information Systems, and through data, some of which is international and some of which is field-based, it has been proven that physical communications have succeeded in the urbanization of New Cairo through 5693 km, distributed among 22 types of roads distributed unevenly among them, and with varying densities ranging between 9 categories of 51 km/km2 and 0.03 km/km2. The formal public transportation service operates through 10 stations, scattered but somewhat organized, from which 107 bus and minibus routes, as well as the Monorail, depart and arrive. These routes serve only 71.3% of the road lengths suitable for vehicles and a mere 33.54% of New Cairo's area. This represents a significant obstacle, depriving 28.7% of the road lengths and 66.46% of the area of formal public transportation. Furthermore, the problem is exacerbated by the traffic flow towards the New Administrative Capital and the modern developments to the east, south, and north of New Cairo, with the exception of the Monorail. Within New Cairo itself, the high fares have been a major impediment to using formal public transportation for internal travel.
Abstract: Urbanization necessitates the provision of transportation, including roads, stations, and bus routes. Achieving social justice requires the availability of formal public transportation. Therefore, this research discusses three elements: roads, formal public transportation stations, and formal public transportation routes, to reveal the role of publ...
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Research Article
Unveiling the “Weak Link”: Spatial Patterns and Mechanisms of County Central Functions Weakening in Ningbo Under Urban-Rural Integration
Jiayi Lin*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2026
Pages:
152-163
Received:
7 July 2026
Accepted:
24 July 2026
Published:
6 August 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.urp.20261103.12
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Abstract: Under the urban-rural integration strategy, county centers are assigned the pivotal role of bridging higher-level administrative units and lower-level towns and villages. However, rural residents' higher-order center travel increasingly bypasses county centers and goes directly to city centers, a hierarchical leap that contradicts the distance decay principle of central place theory. Drawing on mobile phone signaling data from Ningbo and semi-structured interviews with 30 rural residents, this study adopts a mixed-methods approach to reveal the spatial decay pattern of rural residents' county-level trips and the underlying mechanisms on micro-level in China. Quantitative analysis reveals that the daily number of county-level trips decays in a core–periphery concentric pattern. Findings show that in remote townships, more than 30 km from the county center, county-level trips fall below 15 per day, while city-level trips remain a stable substitute at 10 to 30 per day in these outlying areas. Qualitative analysis explains that the reasons rural residents bypass the county center include social ties, the mismatches between perceived and objective accessibility, the hierarchical differentiation of travel demands, and individual capability constraints. By triangulating quantitative and qualitative evidence, this study extends the understanding of administrative hierarchies and service access in central place theory under the context of Chinese urban-rural integration.
Abstract: Under the urban-rural integration strategy, county centers are assigned the pivotal role of bridging higher-level administrative units and lower-level towns and villages. However, rural residents' higher-order center travel increasingly bypasses county centers and goes directly to city centers, a hierarchical leap that contradicts the distance deca...
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