Research Article
Effects of Single and Mixed Collectors on Low-Grade Coal Flotation: In the Case of Gamo Zone Coal, Southern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
55-69
Received:
14 October 2025
Accepted:
25 October 2025
Published:
28 November 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ogce.20251304.11
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Abstract: This study investigated the effectiveness of single and mixed collectors in enhancing the flotation efficiency of low-grade coal from the Gamo region of Ethiopia, focusing on recovery rates and ash content. The research aimed to address the challenges posed by high ash content and impurities in Ethiopian coal, which limit the industrial application. Through controlled laboratory experiments, the performance of single collectors (kerosene, diesel oil, and oleic acid) and mixed collectors in varying dosages was evaluated. The Finding revealed distinct performance characteristics among the collectors. Kerosene demonstrated higher recovery rates (33.7%) but moderate ash content (27.2%), while oleic acid prioritized purity (lowest ash content of 24.9%) at the expense of recovery (27.3%). Diesel oil showed intermediate results. Mixed collector formulations further highlighted the trade-off between recovery and ash content. For instance, the balanced triple-mixed collector C13 (kerosene, oleic acid, and diesel oil in equal parts) achieved a competitive recovery rate of 55.2% with acceptable ash levels (33.7%). In contrast, formulations with higher oleic acid content (C11) yielded the lowest ash content (32%) but reduced recovery (44%). The study underscored the inverse relationship between recovery and ash content, emphasizing the need for tailored collector blends based on specific industrial priorities. For yield-focused processes, Diesel-rich blends like C10 (56.3% recovery) are recommended, while purity-focused applications benefit from oleic acid-dominant mixtures like C11. The balanced C13 formulation emerged as a practical choice for scenarios requiring a middle ground.
Abstract: This study investigated the effectiveness of single and mixed collectors in enhancing the flotation efficiency of low-grade coal from the Gamo region of Ethiopia, focusing on recovery rates and ash content. The research aimed to address the challenges posed by high ash content and impurities in Ethiopian coal, which limit the industrial application...
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Review Article
A Review of Factors Governing the Stability of Crude Oil Emulsion
Orkhan Nabizada*
,
Anvar Movsumzada
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
70-73
Received:
12 October 2025
Accepted:
22 October 2025
Published:
28 November 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ogce.20251304.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Petroleum emulsions are complex and heterogeneous dispersions that frequently occur during crude oil production, transportation, and processing. These systems most commonly exist as water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, in which fine droplets of water are dispersed within the continuous oil phase. The formation and stability of such emulsions are governed by a combination of chemical and physical factors. Natural surface-active components present in crude oil, particularly asphaltenes and resins, play a crucial role in stabilizing these emulsions by adsorbing at the oil–water interface and forming rigid, viscoelastic interfacial films that hinder droplet coalescence. Resins not only enhance the solubility and dispersibility of asphaltenes but also influence interfacial rheology and film strength. In addition to these organic stabilizers, the presence of fine mineral solids, wax crystals, and trace metals can further contribute to emulsion stability by acting as physical barriers at the interface. Physical conditions such as shear rate, temperature, pH, salinity, and mineral composition of the formation water also significantly affect emulsion characteristics and lifetime. Although petroleum emulsions are not thermodynamically stable, they can remain intact for extended periods because of the development of strong interfacial barriers. Gaining a thorough understanding of these stabilization mechanisms is crucial for accurately predicting emulsion behavior and for designing effective demulsification and separation methods in petroleum processing.
Abstract: Petroleum emulsions are complex and heterogeneous dispersions that frequently occur during crude oil production, transportation, and processing. These systems most commonly exist as water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, in which fine droplets of water are dispersed within the continuous oil phase. The formation and stability of such emulsions are governed ...
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