The Importance of Computerized Analysis on Spoilage of Sweet Orange (Citrus Sinensis), Before Harvest and Carriage to Market, in Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
66-74
Received:
21 June 2019
Accepted:
12 August 2019
Published:
4 December 2019
Abstract: This research work was carried out, to find the importance of computerized analysis on spoilage of sweet orange, before harvest and carriage to market in Nigeria. 4 Local governments, namely: (Ife East, Ife South, Ife Central and Ife North), local government areas were sampled. 3,200 open questionnaires were distributed to the 4 Local Governments, out of which 800 was used for farmers in each local government. A total of 32 different locations were visited and sampled in all the four Local Governments, out of which 100 questionnaires were used in each location. It was gathered that above 75% of the people supported that, the computerized analysis on spoilage of sweet orange, before harvest and carriage to market in Nigeria, was important, while less than 25% of the people, could not even understand whether there was any need, for the importance of computerized analysis on spoilage of sweet orange, before harvest and carriage to market in Nigeria or mot. The results from the questionnaires when using Pearson one-tailed correlation coefficient, however revealed that there was no significant difference from all the farmers visited and sampled, [p < 0.01] and [p < 0.05] table 5. This shows a strong positive correlation, which implying that, the importance of computerized analysis on spoilage of sweet orange, before harvest and carriage to market in Nigeria, is strongly influenced and enhanced farmer’s support, from the four local government areas, visited and sampled, in Ile-Ife Kingdom of Osun State, and Nigeria in general, and therefore had made the research work to become a reality, [p < 0.01] and [p < 0.05], table 5 respectively. The reasons may be due to the fact that, sweet oranges are not only, an excellent source and very rich in vitamin C, folic acid; it is also as a good source of dietary fiber, containing a host of other important nutrient element like: folate, thiamine, niacin, phosphorus, magnesium and copper. They are a good source of B vitamins including vitamin B1, pantothene acid and folate as well as vitamin A, calcium, copper and potassium and are also known to be fat free, sodium free and cholesterol free. Histogram with curve was used to depict the summary data of each of the local government areas sampled.
Abstract: This research work was carried out, to find the importance of computerized analysis on spoilage of sweet orange, before harvest and carriage to market in Nigeria. 4 Local governments, namely: (Ife East, Ife South, Ife Central and Ife North), local government areas were sampled. 3,200 open questionnaires were distributed to the 4 Local Governments, ...
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The Schwarzschild Mass in General Relativity
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
75-78
Received:
23 November 2019
Accepted:
18 December 2019
Published:
30 December 2019
Abstract: The central (surface) energy-density, E0 (ER), which appears in the expression of total static and spherical mass, M (corresponding to the total radius R) is defined as the density measured only by one observer located at the centre (surface) in the Momentarily Co-moving Reference Frame (MCRF). Since the mass, M, depends only on the central (surface) density for most of the equations of state (EOSs) and/or exact analytic solutions of Einstein’s field equations available in the literature, the central (surface) density measured in the preferred frame (that is, in the MCRF) appears to be not in agreement with the coordinate invariant form of the field equations that result for the source mass, M. In order to overcome the use of any preferred coordinate system (the MCRF) defined for the central (surface) density in the literature, we argue for the first time that the said density may be defined in the coordinate invariant form, that is, in the form of the average density, (3M/4πR3), of the configuration which turns out to be independent of the radial coordinate r and depends only on the central (surface) density of the configuration. In this connection, we further argue that the central (surface) density of the structure should be independent of the density measured on the other boundary (surface/central) because there exists no a priori relation between the radial coordinate r and the proper distance from the centre of the sphere to its surface [1]. In the light of this reasoning, the various EOSs and analytic solutions of Einstein’s field equations in which the central and the surface density are interdependent can not fulfill the definition of central (surface) density measured only by one observer located in the MCRF at the centre (surface) of the configuration.
Abstract: The central (surface) energy-density, E0 (ER), which appears in the expression of total static and spherical mass, M (corresponding to the total radius R) is defined as the density measured only by one observer located at the centre (surface) in the Momentarily Co-moving Reference Frame (MCRF). Since the mass, M, depends only on the central (surfac...
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