Research Article
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Calcium Hydroxide Exhibit a Synergistic Effect in Promoting the Formation of Carbon Dioxide Hydrate
Yaxiong Yang
,
Yuxin Jia,
Xiaolong Zhu,
Lei Yang*,
Yongchen Song
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, June 2026
Pages:
46-58
Received:
13 April 2026
Accepted:
20 April 2026
Published:
8 May 2026
Abstract: The continuous increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has raised serious environmental concerns, highlighting the urgent need for efficient carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies. Among the available approaches, CO2 hydrate-based sequestration has attracted significant attention due to its high gas storage capacity, mild operating conditions, and environmental compatibility. However, its practical application remains hindered by slow formation kinetics, long induction times, and low gas consumption efficiency. In this study, a novel synergistic promotion strategy was proposed to simultaneously enhance both the formation kinetics and gas storage performance of CO2 hydrates. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) was introduced as a reactive additive, which reacts with CO2 to generate calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) particles in situ. These CaCO₃ particles effectively shorten the hydrate induction period by providing favorable nucleation sites. Meanwhile, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a typical surfactant, was employed to modify the surface properties of CaCO₃ particles. The adsorption of SDS onto the CaCO₃ surface enhances its hydrophobicity, thereby improving gas–liquid contact and promoting hydrate nucleation and growth. The experimental results demonstrate that the addition of Ca(OH)2 or SDS alone significantly reduces the induction time by up to 91.4% and 82.98%, respectively, compared with pure water. However, their effects on hydrate formation rate and gas consumption are limited. In contrast, the combined SDS–Ca(OH)2 system exhibits a pronounced synergistic effect. The induction time is reduced by 88.16%, while the hydrate formation rate and gas consumption are significantly enhanced by 739.13% and 276.19%, respectively. This study provides an effective and promising strategy for improving CO2 hydrate formation performance, offering strong potential for large-scale applications in carbon capture and storage.
Abstract: The continuous increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has raised serious environmental concerns, highlighting the urgent need for efficient carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies. Among the available approaches, CO2 hydrate-based sequestration has attracted significant attention due to its high gas storage capacity, mild...
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Research Article
Analyse Sri Lanka's Visiting the Attractions Industry and Providing Key Economic Data for the Nation Between 2019 and 2024, as Well as Forecasts for 2025
Emusb Ekanayake*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, June 2026
Pages:
59-73
Received:
5 November 2025
Accepted:
20 November 2025
Published:
4 June 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijeee.20261103.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: With forecasts for 2025, this comprehensive analysis report looks at Sri Lanka's hospitality industry from 2019 to 2024. The report provides an overview of market trends, opportunities, challenges, and key industry segments. Government programs, rising business travel, and tourism have all contributed to Sri Lanka's hospitality sector's recent notable expansion. The sector is anticipated to directly contribute billions of dollars to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 2025. Given the substantial contribution of tourism to Sri Lanka's GDP and employment, it is susceptible to various crises, necessitating accurate forecasting of visitor arrivals. The study's main contributions are the identification of Sri Lankan tourist destinations and the provision of insightful and creative viewpoints on them. According to this study, foreign visitors are expected to generate over $100 billion in revenue in the future. In order to improve sustainability, the industry is also putting policies like renewable energy, green building standards, and energy efficiency into place. Additionally, domestic travel is significant; over a million domestic trips are anticipated in the future. Finally, a greater proportion of people are expected to travel online in the future, indicating that the market for online travel will continue to grow. This research predicts data for the nation between 2019 and 2024, as well as forecasts for 2025 using Excel software and gives Sri Lankan destinations and detailed information on hotels and other rooms. This one is very important for indoor/outdoor, local, and foreign tourists. Finally, the finding validates the need for government involvement in promoting and increasing international tourism demand to attain sustainable growth and development in the industry.
Abstract: With forecasts for 2025, this comprehensive analysis report looks at Sri Lanka's hospitality industry from 2019 to 2024. The report provides an overview of market trends, opportunities, challenges, and key industry segments. Government programs, rising business travel, and tourism have all contributed to Sri Lanka's hospitality sector's recent nota...
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