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Review Article
Glycemic Assessment of Type I Diabetic Children in the Dakar Region, Senegal
Niang Babacar
,
Mbaye Aminata*,
Boiro Djibril,
Sow Amadou,
Ndiaye Oulimata,
Dina Obambi,
Ly Fatou,
Sy Khady,
Mbaye Maimouna Ndour,
Ndiaye Ousmane
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
1-6
Received:
26 November 2024
Accepted:
12 December 2024
Published:
16 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajp.20251101.11
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Abstract: Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) accounts for more than 90% of all cases of diabetes in children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to determine the level of glycemic control and to analyze the factors of poor control. Methodology: This is a prospective study conducted in five (5) pediatric departments in Dakar over a period of 6 months and including all children aged 0 to 18 years with type 1 diabetes. Glycemic balance was assessed with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results: During the study, two hundred (200) patients were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 12.15 years ± 3.98 years [range 1.00 to 18.00 years]. Ketoacidosis was the main circumstance of discovery in 67.00% (134 individuals). The types of insulin used were human in 64% of cases. Among the patients who received therapeutic education (22), 39.33% were not educated by a qualified provider. There was a glycemic imbalance in 70.5% of patients. After an analytical study, there was no statistically significant difference between HbA1c and gender, geographical origin, socioeconomic and educational level of parents, duration of diabetes progression, physical activity and the therapeutic protocol used. However, therapeutic education had a positive influence on HbA1c. Conclusion: The glycemic control of diabetic patients in the Dakar region is very insufficient. This would be due to several factors including the insufficiency of therapeutic education. It is important to train providers in this fundamental aspect of diabetes management.
Abstract: Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) accounts for more than 90% of all cases of diabetes in children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to determine the level of glycemic control and to analyze the factors of poor control. Methodology: This is a prospective study conducted in five (5) pediatric departments in Dakar over a period of 6 months a...
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Research Article
Risk Factors of Pneumonia in Children: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
7-13
Received:
15 December 2024
Accepted:
30 December 2024
Published:
22 January 2025
Abstract: Background: Pneumonia remains a significant health concern in children in developing countries. The identification of risk factors is an important step in formulating effective interventions. Aim: This study has been conducted to assess different risk factors associated with pneumonia. Methods: A cross-sectional study of six months has been conducted by enrolling a total of 65 children presenting with pneumonia in Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Between February 2024 to August 2024. Demographic, socio-economic, environmental, nutritional, and immunization data are discussed. Results: The cohort consisted of 54% males and 46% females, distributed as 31% infants, 38% toddlers, and 31% preschoolers. A considerable number, 50%, belonged to lower socio-economic classes and were undernourished. Also, solid fuel use was 42%, indoor smoking was 32%, and vaccination coverage was very low-28% pneumococcal and 36% influenza. The severity of pneumonia was mild in 49%, moderate in 38%, and severe in 13%. Logistic regression analysis showed that being underweight, indoor smoking, and low immunization coverages are independent risk factors with significant OR values of 3.2, 2.8, and 2.1, respectively. Conclusion: The multi-factorial causes of pneumonia in children require health interventions targeting socioeconomic, environmental, and health-related risks to improve the prognosis among children in Bangladesh.
Abstract: Background: Pneumonia remains a significant health concern in children in developing countries. The identification of risk factors is an important step in formulating effective interventions. Aim: This study has been conducted to assess different risk factors associated with pneumonia. Methods: A cross-sectional study of six months has been conduct...
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Review Article
The Essential Role of Right Amount and Quality of Protein for Ensuring Child Growth and Maintenance of Bone and Muscle Mass
Shah Alam*,
Asma Ferdousi,
Susmita Biswas,
Ayesha Begum,
Mitra Datta,
Sunanda Shil,
Fahim Hasan Reza,
Mishu Talukdar
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
14-25
Received:
13 August 2024
Accepted:
3 September 2024
Published:
24 January 2025
Abstract: Protein is a vital macronutrient, essential for growth, tissue repair, and immune function. However, the impact of elevated protein intake during childhood and adolescence remains controversial. While high protein intake in older adults is often recommended for maintaining muscle mass and preventing frailty, excessive intake in younger populations has raised concerns about potential health risks, particularly related to obesity. This review aims to update current literature on the long-term effects of protein consumption in children and adolescents (ages 4-18) and to explore emerging methods for evaluating protein metabolism in this age group. The RDA for protein varies based on age, sex, and activity level. Generally, it is suggested that children consume about 0.95-1.3 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day, depending on age and specific requirements. In many developed countries, children and adolescents often consume protein at levels 2-3 times higher than the RDA, potentially leading to both positive and negative health outcomes. Protein is critical for normal growth and development during childhood and adolescence. Adequate intake supports muscle development, immune function, and the production of hormones. Studies suggest that elevated protein intake may be linked to increased Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI), which is beneficial for muscle development and overall body composition. High protein diets have been associated with increased satiety, which can help in managing appetite and potentially reducing overall caloric intake, thus contributing to healthier weight maintenance. Some evidence suggests a correlation between high protein intake in infancy and childhood and increased risk of obesity later in life. This association may be due to the overactivation of growth pathways and increased insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels. Excessive protein intake has been hypothesized to strain kidney function, especially in individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions. However, current evidence in healthy children and adolescents is inconclusive. This narrative review emphasizes the need for a nuanced understanding of protein intake in children and adolescents, considering both the benefits and potential risks associated with high protein consumption. As research evolves, dietary guidelines may need to be adjusted to reflect the latest findings.
Abstract: Protein is a vital macronutrient, essential for growth, tissue repair, and immune function. However, the impact of elevated protein intake during childhood and adolescence remains controversial. While high protein intake in older adults is often recommended for maintaining muscle mass and preventing frailty, excessive intake in younger populations ...
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Review Article
Contribution of Inferior Vena Cava Ultrasound Monitoring in the Management of Septic Shock in Children at the CHU-MEL
Akodjenou Joseph*,
Yakoubou Annatou,
Dadjo Carine,
Alao Jules,
Zoumenou Eugène
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
26-29
Received:
2 January 2025
Accepted:
5 February 2025
Published:
26 February 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajp.20251101.14
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Abstract: Introduction: Septic shock is a complication of sepsis leading to circulatory and metabolic abnormalities. Cardiac ultrasound allows the assessment of vascular filling by measuring the diameter of the IVC (inferior vena cava) and detecting myocardial dysfunction. Objective: To assess the contribution of IVC ultrasound in the management of septic shock in children in the pediatric department of CHU-MEL. Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive, and analytical study conducted over a period of four months (February 2 to May 31, 2024). Results: The prevalence of septic shock was 4.9%. The most affected age group was infants under 12 months (62.5%). The most significant failures were renal (78.1%) and neurological (71.9%). The total amount of fluids administered with vascular filling monitoring by IVC ultrasound varied from 0 to 65ml/kg. It was adapted to each child based on IVC dilation. The vasoactive drug of choice was norepinephrine. Shock resolution was achieved in 31.3%. The mortality rate was 84.4%. Conclusion: IVC ultrasound helped avoid both hypovolemia and harmful excessive fluid administration by adapting the amount of fluids to each child based on their IVC diameter. Adequate training in bedside echocardiography would allow pediatricians to improve the hemodynamic management of septic shock in children.
Abstract: Introduction: Septic shock is a complication of sepsis leading to circulatory and metabolic abnormalities. Cardiac ultrasound allows the assessment of vascular filling by measuring the diameter of the IVC (inferior vena cava) and detecting myocardial dysfunction. Objective: To assess the contribution of IVC ultrasound in the management of septic sh...
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