Research Article
The Effects of Selected Crash Parameters and Traffic Volume on Crash Frequency (the Case of Bahirdar City, Ethiopia)
Mamaru Gashaw*
,
Bikila Teklu,
Zeleke Damtie
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
73-86
Received:
22 January 2026
Accepted:
24 February 2026
Published:
12 March 2026
Abstract: The objectives of the study are to develop a mathematical model and understand the impact of selected crash parameters on crash frequency in high and low traffic volume in both straight sections and junctions. Comparing the effect of straight sections and junctions with selected crash parameters on crash frequency is also addressed. The method used in this research is loglinear analysis using SPSS software. Seven days’ traffic data was collected from major junctions and straight sections in Bahirdar. The result depicted that in high traffic volume straight sections, Monday has the highest number of crash compared to the base case, Sunday. In low traffic volume junctions, Wednesday has the highest number of crash compared to Saturday. In high-traffic-volume straight sections, the 18-29-year-old age group has a 3.5 times higher number of crash compared to the base case (>45 years). 30-44-year-old drivers also have a 2.1 times higher number of crash compared to >45-year-old drivers. In low-traffic-volume straight sections, both 18-29- and 30-44-year-old drivers have increased the number of crash. In low traffic volume junctions, both 18-29- and 30-44-year-old drivers have increased highly, with 47.9 and 38.1 times the base case (>45 years). In low-traffic-volume straight sections, a high number of crash is observed in < 5 years of driving experience compared to the base case (>15 years). In low traffic volume junctions, <5 years of driving experience also has a high number of crash compared to the base case.
Abstract: The objectives of the study are to develop a mathematical model and understand the impact of selected crash parameters on crash frequency in high and low traffic volume in both straight sections and junctions. Comparing the effect of straight sections and junctions with selected crash parameters on crash frequency is also addressed. The method used...
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Research Article
Reconstructing Counterinsurgency for Papua: Integrating Indigenous Security into an Applied Counterinsurgency Framework
Suhirwan*,
Siswo Hadi Sumantri
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
87-95
Received:
10 November 2025
Accepted:
1 December 2025
Published:
29 May 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijsr.20260102.12
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Abstract: Classical Counterinsurgency approach currently applied in Papua did not achieve sustained peace as it did not factor in local community’s security epistemology and the traditional institution. The research assessed the shortcomings of a military-cantered strategy through a thorough document analysis of 87 publicly accessible literary sources, including policies, academic work, and CSO information produced from 2015 to 2025. Given restricted access to the study area and the politically sensitive nature of conflicts, the study relied on public access secondary document research. Results of the study show that kinetic action only escalates people’s distrust, whereas traditional methods such as Noken, village deliberation, or ceremonies possess conflict resolution capacity but are not utilized. The hypothesis of this article develops co-security framework – a cooperative model allowing TNI/POLRI and traditional institution share power, legitimacy, and operational mechanism. It major contributions are (1) critical view of the epistemological universality principle of English-speaking COIN; (2) development of the co-security theoretical conception (3) a flexible operational framework for adaptation. The policy recommendations are to adopt the new forums of tripartite negotiation and implement success indicator, that is, the public’s trust.
Abstract: Classical Counterinsurgency approach currently applied in Papua did not achieve sustained peace as it did not factor in local community’s security epistemology and the traditional institution. The research assessed the shortcomings of a military-cantered strategy through a thorough document analysis of 87 publicly accessible literary sources, inclu...
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