Research Article
The Impact of Flooding on Road Infrastructure Construction in Rwanda: A Case of Huye-Kibeho Road Construction
Alexander Tufftie Williams*
,
James Kant
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
38-55
Received:
26 April 2025
Accepted:
10 May 2025
Published:
18 June 2025
Abstract: Flooding risks pose significant challenges to road infrastructure construction globally, causing delays, cost overruns, and reduced durability. In Rwanda, these challenges are particularly evident due to high rainfall intensity, frequent floods, and inadequate drainage systems, which exacerbate road damage and soil erosion. The Huye-Kibeho road construction project in Southern Rwanda has faced substantial delays and cost increases as a result of these flooding risks. This study examines the impact of flooding risks on road infrastructure construction, with a focus on the Huye-Kibeho road project. The research employs a descriptive survey design, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. The structured questionnaires, incorporating both closed-ended and Likert scale questions, will capture quantitative data, while interviews will provide deeper insights into the flooding-related challenges faced during construction. The analysis will include descriptive statistics (e.g., means, frequencies, and percentages) to summarize the findings, and inferential statistics, specifically correlation and regression analysis, was used to assess the relationship between flooding risk factors and road infrastructure performance. The regression analysis indicates a significant relationship between flooding factors and road construction, with flooding factors explaining 62.5% of the variance in construction delays and cost overruns (R² = 0.625, F (6, 137) = 378.171, p < 0.001). Qualitative data from interviews was analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns related to the impact of flooding risks. The combination of these methods provides a comprehensive understanding of the issue. The study confirms that flooding risks have a substantial impact on road infrastructure construction, specifically on the Huye-Kibeho road project. The findings highlight significant delays and cost overruns linked to flooding factors, including high rainfall intensity, flood frequency, floodwater depth, soil erosion, drainage system inefficiencies, and the region’s topography. These challenges not only hinder the construction progress but also jeopardize the long-term durability and lifespan of the road. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the Huye-Kibeho road construction project implement enhanced flood mitigation measures, including the development of a robust drainage system, flood barriers, and soil stabilization techniques, to effectively manage the flooding risks and minimize the impact on construction delays, cost overruns, and long-term road durability.
Abstract: Flooding risks pose significant challenges to road infrastructure construction globally, causing delays, cost overruns, and reduced durability. In Rwanda, these challenges are particularly evident due to high rainfall intensity, frequent floods, and inadequate drainage systems, which exacerbate road damage and soil erosion. The Huye-Kibeho road con...
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Review Article
An Integrated Approach of ANN and CFD for Predicting and Modelling the Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue Dye Using Sandbox Seed as Adsorbent: A Review
Obot Utibemfon Richard*,
Etuk Victor Effiong,
Adam Joshua Asukwo,
Antia Emem Antia,
Chukwuemeka Uchenna Onyejekwe
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
56-67
Received:
23 February 2025
Accepted:
7 April 2025
Published:
25 June 2025
Abstract: The relevance application of dye cannot be overemphasized in our vicinity today, ranging from paintings, textiles, artistic purposes. Also, several other industrial applications including the cosmetics, leather, paper and even food industry. Notwithstanding its wide application, research has shown that the production of waste water containing synthetic dyes are deleterious to the environment and the ecosystem and therefore needs to be removed for the safety of the ecosystem. Several techniques like reverse osmosis, membrane filtration and coagulation can be used for removal of dyes. Some of these methods, despite their efficiency in wastewater treatment, they are expensive and sometimes complex to set up, therefore there is need for cheaper, affordable and simple method of wastewater treatment. Adsorption, mostly with waste biomass has proven to be a good and inexpensive method of dye removal from waste water. Therefore, this article reviewed adsorption of methylene blue dye unto sandbox seed biosorbent in a fixed bed continuous adsorption column. This review shows that there is still more to be done in terms of combining two or more different approaches in predicting and modelling adsorption of methylene blue removal from effluent water in order to obtain optimum result from treated water.
Abstract: The relevance application of dye cannot be overemphasized in our vicinity today, ranging from paintings, textiles, artistic purposes. Also, several other industrial applications including the cosmetics, leather, paper and even food industry. Notwithstanding its wide application, research has shown that the production of waste water containing synth...
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Research Article
Investigation of Phase Transformation on Temperature Change in Waxy Crude in Niger Delta
Uche Osokogwu*,
Charity Ferguson
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
68-77
Received:
19 May 2025
Accepted:
3 June 2025
Published:
30 June 2025
Abstract: This study focuses on investigating the phase transformation of waxy crude oil in response to temperature changes. Waxy crude oil presents challenges in oil production and transportation due to its tendency to form solid waxes under low-temperature conditions. Understanding the phase behavior and temperature-induced phase transformations of waxy crude oil is crucial for developing effective strategies to mitigate these challenges. The project begins with the collection and characterization of a representative waxy crude oil sample. Basic tests are conducted to determine the density, viscosity, pour point, and wax content of the crude oil. A laboratory-scale experimental setup was designed to simulate temperature changes, and temperature cycling experiments performed on the crude oil sample. During the temperature cycling experiments, the crude oil sample was gradually cooled from a high temperature where all waxes were dissolved. Changes in appearance, consistency, and other physical properties of the crude oil were observed and recorded. Visualization techniques, such as microscopy or imaging systems, were used to document the phase transformations. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the phase behavior of waxy crude oil and its response to temperature changes. The implications of the research were discussed, and potential strategies to address the challenges posed by waxy crude oil were highlighted. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the phase transformation of waxy crude oil and lays the foundation for further investigations in the field of petroleum engineering and flow assurance.
Abstract: This study focuses on investigating the phase transformation of waxy crude oil in response to temperature changes. Waxy crude oil presents challenges in oil production and transportation due to its tendency to form solid waxes under low-temperature conditions. Understanding the phase behavior and temperature-induced phase transformations of waxy cr...
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