Research Article
Functional and Phytochemical Properties of Malted Cereal Formulated from Bambara Groundnut, Soybean and Wheat and Fortified with Ginger, Clove and Date
Simcha Chinyere Okeyahweh*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, December 2026
Pages:
134-139
Received:
31 August 2026
Accepted:
14 September 2026
Published:
31 October 2026
Abstract: This study evaluated the functional properties and quantitative phytochemical composition of a malted cereal formulated from Bambara groundnut, soybean and wheat and fortified with ginger, date and clove. Five formulations (A-E) were evaluated, with sample A consisting of 100% malted wheat and samples B-E containing 35% wheat, progressively increasing soybean (30-45%), decreasing Bambara groundnut (30-15%), and constant ginger, date and clove at 2%, 2% and 1%, respectively. Functional properties included bulk density, water absorption capacity (WAC), oil absorption capacity (OAC), swelling capacity, foaming capacity, foam stability, least gelation capacity, wettability, gelatinization temperature and emulsion capacity. Quantitative phytochemical parameters included flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, phenols and terpenoids. Bulk density ranged from 0.887 to 0.991 g/mL, WAC from 10.403 to 17.603%, OAC from 10.801 to 14.235%, swelling capacity from 3.831 to 4.875, foam capacity from 27.586 to 51.724%, foam stability from 32.184 to 48.276%, least gelation capacity from 12.40 to 18.30%, wettability from 5.48 to 8.48 s, gelatinization temperature from 55.40 to 81.20°C, and emulsion capacity from 44.00 to 64.00%. Flavonoids ranged from 4.228 to 10.791%, alkaloids from 6.438 to 13.233%, cardiac glycosides from 2.134 to 6.143%, phenols from 3.511 to 6.807 mg/g, and terpenoids from 8.465 to 15.350%. The results indicate that progressive substitution of Bambara groundnut with soybean altered the functional and phytochemical profiles of the malted cereal. Because the reported observations were not replicated, inferential statistical significance was not established.
Abstract: This study evaluated the functional properties and quantitative phytochemical composition of a malted cereal formulated from Bambara groundnut, soybean and wheat and fortified with ginger, date and clove. Five formulations (A-E) were evaluated, with sample A consisting of 100% malted wheat and samples B-E containing 35% wheat, progressively increas...
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Research Article
Assessment of Prosopisjuliflora Effect on Environment and Animal Health in KebriDehar, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, December 2026
Pages:
140-150
Received:
9 October 2026
Accepted:
21 October 2026
Published:
11 November 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijfsb.20261104.12
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Abstract: Prosopisjuliflora is one of the most invasive plant species in the arid areas of the Somali region and has encroached upon Kebridahar District. The invasion of Prosopisjuliflora has increased recently in the last two decades at an alarming rate, destroying forage, pasture, and biodiversity, thereby threatening the environment, which ultimately affects both the lives of animals and the pastoral community. Prosopisjuliflora has gone out of control, deteriorating and reducing the diversity of forage and pasture species in the region, causing animals to starve. This study focuses on assessing pastoralists' perceptions of the effect of this plant on the environment and animal health. It specifically examines the awareness of the people towards this invasive species in the area and identifies its major effects. Semi-structured questionnaires and group discussions were conducted with pastoralists in the area. Four kebeles, namely Mara'ato, Farjano, Melka-Afweyn, and Tukaley, were selected possessively. A total of 118 households were selected randomly for interview purposes. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0, and the results were presented using both inferential and descriptive statistics. Impact on environmental encroachment, water shortage, poisoning, and the death of both animals and humans are among some elder-narrated findings. Floods, winds, and animal dung are significant spreading methods as shown in the results. Donkeys and cattle were significantly more affected than other species when animal species susceptibility to Prosopisjuliflora was measured.
Abstract: Prosopisjuliflora is one of the most invasive plant species in the arid areas of the Somali region and has encroached upon Kebridahar District. The invasion of Prosopisjuliflora has increased recently in the last two decades at an alarming rate, destroying forage, pasture, and biodiversity, thereby threatening the environment, which ultimately affe...
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