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Strabismus Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Kindergarten School Children, Northwest Ethiopia
Biruktawit Fikre,
Ayanaw Tsega Ferede,
Tsehay Kassa Tefera
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
45-50
Received:
3 March 2022
Accepted:
6 April 2022
Published:
14 April 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijovs.20220702.11
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Abstract: Introduction: Strabismus is misalignment of the eyes in which both are not simultaneously directed at the object of regard. It is usually attributable to refractive, sensory, organic, anatomic, motor or innervation causes. The global prevalence varies and ranges from 1 - 5%. Though strabismus is a common presenting ocular problem, there are limited data in the study area about the prevalence and associated factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of strabismus among kindergarten school children in Gondar city. Methods: School based cross-sectional study design and Multistage random sampling technique was applied to select 848 study participants. The data was collected by semi-structured questionnaire and through eye examination with different ophthalmic instruments. Data was entered into Epi-info version 3.5.1 and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 20. Bivariable followed by multivariable binary logistic regression was fitted to test the strength of association with the variable and variables with P value < =0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Result: A total of 784 study subjects were included in this study, giving a response rate of 92.5%. The median age was 6 (+/-5.6) years. The overall prevalence of strabismus was 3.1% [AOR 95% CI: 1.8%-4.2%]. Prematurity [AOR=2.8 (95% CI: 1.0-8.2)], parents with strabismus [AOR=5.8 (95% CI: 1.5-22.6)] and children with refractive error [AOR=16 (95% CI: 5.4-48.1)] were significantly associated factors with strabismus. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of strabismus in this study was within the range of the global magnitude. Prematurity, parents with strabismus and children with refractive error were independently and significantly associated with strabismus. As vision loss and amblyopia are the major complications of strabismus, early school vision screening is important.
Abstract: Introduction: Strabismus is misalignment of the eyes in which both are not simultaneously directed at the object of regard. It is usually attributable to refractive, sensory, organic, anatomic, motor or innervation causes. The global prevalence varies and ranges from 1 - 5%. Though strabismus is a common presenting ocular problem, there are limited...
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Evaluation of Corneal Endothelial Changes in Eyes with Silicone Oil Tamponade After Pars Plana Vitrectomy with or Without Phacoemulsification
Mohamed A. M. R. Afify,
Ahmed H. Assaf,
Raafat Ali Rehan,
Hazem Abdallah Elnashar,
Marwa A. Karim
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
51-56
Received:
7 April 2022
Accepted:
2 May 2022
Published:
7 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijovs.20220702.12
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Abstract: Aim: To assess corneal endothelium changes by non-contact specular microscopy in eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with temporary silicone oil (SO) tamponade with or without phacoemulsification. Methods: We concluded 24 patients, divided to two groups: 12 patients had pars plana vitrectomy with SO injection (group 1) and 12 patients had combined phaco-vitrectomy with SO injection (group 2). All of them underwent full ophthalmological examination: best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), measurement of IOP, fundus examination and specular microscopy follow ups at the 1st week, 1st month and 3rd month visits. Results: The count of Endothelial cell density (ECD) in group 1 dropped from 2543.58 ± 759.62 cell/mm2, to 2299.33 ± 729.87 cell/mm2, while in group 2 was 2621.08 ± 514.50, dropped to 2307.50 ± 575.55 respectively, and the mean cell density (MCD) decreased significantly in group 1 and group 2, at 3rd month than at 1st week. Three months after operation, CV (polymegathism) was 34.58 ± 4.29% and 35.75 ± 4.16%, hexagonality (pleomorphism) was 46.83 ± 8.67% and 47.83 ± 10.50%, while mean CCT was 553.08 ± 22.13 μm and 548.17 ± 33.12 for group 1 and 2 respectively, and without corneal edema reported at the study end. Conclusion: pleomorphism (decreased HEX), polymegathism (increased CV) and endothelial cell (EC) loss were documented in all patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil (SO) injection with a higher probability of polymegathism (CV increase) noted after adding phacoemulsification to the procedure. These findings strongly suggest early SO removal after reaching aimed tamponading action to avoid SO keratopathy.
Abstract: Aim: To assess corneal endothelium changes by non-contact specular microscopy in eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with temporary silicone oil (SO) tamponade with or without phacoemulsification. Methods: We concluded 24 patients, divided to two groups: 12 patients had pars plana vitrectomy with SO injection (group 1) and 12 patients had co...
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Long Term Results of Collagen Cross Linking in Pellucid Marginal Degeneration
Mona Bhargava,
Rama Rajagopal,
Radhika Natarajan,
Rachapalle Reddi Sudhir,
Saket Shashikant Benurwar,
Raj Shekhar Paul
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
57-64
Received:
6 April 2022
Accepted:
2 May 2022
Published:
12 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijovs.20220702.13
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Abstract: A retrospective interventional study involving 15 eyes of 10 patients with pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD) were treated with collagen cross linking (CXL) to evaluate itslong term effects on such patients. The eyes were divided as per riboflavin used namely hypo-osmolar, HPMC (hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose), iso-osmolar into group A, B and C respectively. Visual acuity, retinoscopic refraction, corneal topography, tomography and pachymetry were examined before and every six months after surgery for the first two years and then annually. logMAR UCVA (uncorrected visual acuity) and BCVA (best corrected visual acuity) with spectacles at 6 months and at final follow-up showed improvement in all groups, which were significant in group C. There was no significant difference in the pre and post-op spherical equivalent (P = 0.38) and the mean cylinder decreased by 0.53 ± 0.81 D (P = 0.19) which was not significant. Keratometric astigmatism decreased by 1.13 D (P = 0.2) measured by Scheimpflug imaging and by 1.4 D (P = 0.13) as measured by topography. Maximum keratometry (Kmax) showed a reduction from 50.62 ± 5.2 to 50.23 ± 4.9 (P = 0.07) at 6 months and 48.95 ± 4.7 (P = 0.09) at final follow-up. None of the treated eyes developed side effect of notable severity. Collagen cross linking is a safe and effective method to prevent progression in PMD. Stability of astigmatism, keratometric parameters and improvement in BCVA in our study indicates the efficacy of CXL to prevent progression in PMD.
Abstract: A retrospective interventional study involving 15 eyes of 10 patients with pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD) were treated with collagen cross linking (CXL) to evaluate itslong term effects on such patients. The eyes were divided as per riboflavin used namely hypo-osmolar, HPMC (hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose), iso-osmolar into group A, B and C ...
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Intermediate Term Results with Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation in Refractory Glaucoma with a Modified Surgical Technique
Tanuja Kate,
Rajiv Choudhary,
Divya Patel,
Urvija Choudhary
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
65-72
Received:
16 April 2022
Accepted:
3 May 2022
Published:
12 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijovs.20220702.14
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Abstract: Purpose: To investigate intraocular pressure (IOP) control, visual acuity, and complications at 1 year after Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) implantation. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study of 35 AGV implanted patients who were followed up to 1-year post-surgery. The AGV implantation was performed at a tertiary healthcare facility in India. The IOP control, visual acuity status, and safety after AGV implantation with a specific modification of surgical technique were evaluated. Results: The study included 35 patients who underwent AGV implantation. The IOP reduced to near-normal levels post-surgery with immediate benefit being seen at Month 1, and the benefit was sustained till Month 12 as measured by the mean IOP. At all-time points post-surgery, patients had stable visual acuity. Post-surgery, the use of medication decreased over time during the study in all patients. There were no new or unexpected complications post-surgery. In most patients, AGV implantation was well-tolerated. Conclusions: AGV implantation with modified surgical technique (tube is not anchored to the sclera and partial thickness scleral flap covers the tube) works very well at intermediate term as regard to IOP control and visual acuity and it is an effective way of treating the patients with refractory glaucoma.
Abstract: Purpose: To investigate intraocular pressure (IOP) control, visual acuity, and complications at 1 year after Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) implantation. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study of 35 AGV implanted patients who were followed up to 1-year post-surgery. The AGV implantation was performed at a tertiary healthcare facility in...
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Adaptation of a Hydrogel Expander and Rigid Conformer: The Case Report of a Girl with Retinoblastoma
Lcdo Efrain Orlando Silva Vega,
Lcda Katherin Jossenka Silva Leon
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
73-77
Received:
2 March 2022
Accepted:
24 March 2022
Published:
31 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijovs.20220702.16
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Abstract: Ocular conformers are considered the first stage of treatment to enlarge the cavity and these can be static or dynamic. The expander that we propose are hydrogel balls that in their natural state have a size of 3 mm. and they are osmotic filled, becoming hydrated up to 18 mm with tears and moisture from the patient's orbital cavity. The objective is to use an osmotic hydrogel former and demonstrate its evolution phase during treatment. The methodology will be of an exploratory and experimental descriptive type where the hydrogel former will be applied to the patient and the evidenced results will be described step by step, in the experimental part the rehabilitation effects of the orbital cavity will be evaluated. As a result, it is reported that by adapting the osmotic hydrogel conformer, it was possible to expand the ocular cavity and insert a provisional ocular prosthesis. It is concluded that using an osmotic-type hydrogel former, it was possible to expand the girl's cul-de-sac, which shows a great therapeutic help in the process of adapting personalized ocular prostheses.
Abstract: Ocular conformers are considered the first stage of treatment to enlarge the cavity and these can be static or dynamic. The expander that we propose are hydrogel balls that in their natural state have a size of 3 mm. and they are osmotic filled, becoming hydrated up to 18 mm with tears and moisture from the patient's orbital cavity. The objective i...
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Treatment of Severe Chronic Angle Closure Glaucoma with "Double Punctures-Goniosynechialysis", a Case Report
Zhao Junhong,
Zhou You,
Wang Lulu,
Gong Yujing,
Guo Hongliang
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
78-82
Received:
11 May 2022
Accepted:
1 June 2022
Published:
8 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijovs.20220702.17
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Abstract: Objective: By introducing a method of treating severe chronic closed glaucoma, "double puncture goniosynechialysis", observes the changes of anterior chamber with intraoperative OCT. Methods: For patients with severe chronic angle-closure glaucoma with cataract complications, anterior chamber puncture and vitreous puncture are used to extract fluid, and finally the anterior chamber is pressurized to deepen the anterior chamber. Then surgical phacoemulsification combined with goniotomy was performed three weeks later. The patient's postoperative eyes were observed twice for changes in intraocular pressure and chamber angle. RESULTS: After the patient underwent double puncture-angiotomy, the intraocular pressure was reduced from 45mmHg to 16-30mmHg, and the angle of opening was changed from 0 to 90 degrees. After phacoemulsification combined with goniotomy, the intraocular pressure was reduced to normal, and the chamber angle was opened at 210 degrees. CONCLUSION: After opening part of the chamber angle through double puncture goniotomy to lower the intraocular pressure of the patient, phacoemulsification combined with goniotomy to further open the chamber angle and reduce the intraocular pressure is the most effective treatment for patients with severe chronic angle-closure glaucoma. best treatment plan. The point of the scheme is that it uses internal drainage surgery instead of filtering surgery, which can achieve long-term control and reduce the patient's intraocular pressure.
Abstract: Objective: By introducing a method of treating severe chronic closed glaucoma, "double puncture goniosynechialysis", observes the changes of anterior chamber with intraoperative OCT. Methods: For patients with severe chronic angle-closure glaucoma with cataract complications, anterior chamber puncture and vitreous puncture are used to extract fluid...
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