Research Article
Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Associated Risk Factors Among Pre-school Children in a Deprived Community in Amasaman, Accra-Ghana
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
1-10
Received:
25 November 2024
Accepted:
9 December 2024
Published:
10 February 2025
Abstract: Intestinal parasites (IPs) affect health, growth and development of children worldwide. At child daycare centres, children are potentially exposed to infections due to close interpersonal contact and contact with environment including soil they play with. In the city of Accra, Ghana, daycare centres are very common and many parents leave their children in these centres for a considerable period each day for work. These children could be prone to intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) in these institutions. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with IPIs among children in selected daycare centres at Amasaman, a suburb of Accra, Ghana. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 143 children of age 5 years and below randomly selected from three daycare centres at Amasaman, Accra. Stool samples were collected from each child for parasitological laboratory investigation. Additionally, a structured questionnaire was used to gather socio-demographic characteristics, and the information correlated with laboratory findings. The entire results were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 23 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The overall prevalence of IPIs among the children was 18.9% (27/143). Infection in females (20.0%) was higher than in males (17.5%) though difference was not significant (P=0.669). Infection was highest in children of age 3 years, with no infection in those of age 1 year. The most common parasite identified was Giardia lamblia (7.0%), followed by Cryptosporidium sp. (4.9%), and then Entamoeba coli (3.5%). Others included Ascaris lumbricoides (0.7%), Hookworm (0.7%), Schistosoma intercalatum (0.7%) and E. histolytica (0.7%). There was a low rate of mixed infection (0.7%) which occurred for G. lamblia and Entamoeba coli. There was significant association between IPIs and family size. Families with 6-10 children at home had highest prevalence (42.1%). Children with mothers who had primary education had highest prevalence (24.4%). No significant association was found for source of drinking water, breastfeeding habits, presence of domestic animals or deworming status (p> 0.05). The present study revealed that IPIs is a public health problem in daycare centres at Amasaman. Health education on personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, potable water supply and deworming should be considered to control the prevalence of intestinal parasites among children in daycare centres.
Abstract: Intestinal parasites (IPs) affect health, growth and development of children worldwide. At child daycare centres, children are potentially exposed to infections due to close interpersonal contact and contact with environment including soil they play with. In the city of Accra, Ghana, daycare centres are very common and many parents leave their chil...
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Review Article
A Compilation of the Traditional Processing Techniques and Microbiome in Ghanaian Fermented Milk Products
Fortune Akabanda*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
11-16
Received:
14 February 2025
Accepted:
25 February 2025
Published:
11 March 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20251001.12
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Abstract: Traditional milk fermentation is an integral part of Ghana’s food heritage, contributing to both the nutrition and cultural identity of the people. Fermented milk products are of great importance in that they help in alleviating lactose intolerance, have social value and serve as a means of generating income for the producers. The benefits of fermenting foods nowadays extend to inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms while also enhancing the nutritional value and digestibility of foods. Various traditional fermented milk products are produced and consumed in Ghana. These include nunu, wagashi (soft cheese), brukina, and nyarmie. Milk fermentation in Ghana is usually by spontaneous fermentation and these fermented products contain rich and valuable microbial diversity, dominated by lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. A Comprehensive knowledge of the traditional production processes and microbiological aspects of these products is critical for the development of products with enhanced quality, safety and health benefits for sustainable food security in Ghana and elsewhere. This review aims to provide a comprehensive compilation of the fermentation processes of these products and the associated microbiome. The documentation of these products will go a long way to establish a foundational reference point, providing a basis for future research in Ghanaian milk processing and standardization efforts.
Abstract: Traditional milk fermentation is an integral part of Ghana’s food heritage, contributing to both the nutrition and cultural identity of the people. Fermented milk products are of great importance in that they help in alleviating lactose intolerance, have social value and serve as a means of generating income for the producers. The benefits of ferme...
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Research Article
Detection of Mobile Genetic Elements in Enteric Bacteria and Physicochemical Characteristics of Water from River Ala in Akure, Nigeria
Adewale Oluwasogo Olalemi*,
Okunade Stephen Oyeoluwa
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
17-29
Received:
20 January 2025
Accepted:
3 February 2025
Published:
28 March 2025
Abstract: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can release resistance genes into the rivers, potentially spreading them through mobile genetic elements such as transposable elements, bacteriophages, plasmids, and gene cassettes play a crucial role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and horizontal gene transfer. This study investigated the mobile genetic elements in enteric bacteria and physicochemical characteristics of water from River Ala. Water samples were collected bi-weekly over a period of 24 weeks from three representative points in River Ala. Standard microbiological methods were employed to isolate and identify enteric bacteria. The physicochemical characteristics of the water samples including temperature, pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total dissolved solids (TSS), conductivity and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were determined using established protocols. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Results showed that the turbidity ranged from 2.80±0.06 to 13.19±1.05 NTU, temperature ranged from 27.52±0.48 to 31.50±0.83°C, total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 108.09±0.27 to 207.33±7.06 mg/L, pH ranged from 7.13±0.34 to 8.40±0.05, biological oxygen demand ranged from 3.22±0.42 to 4.63±0.32 mg/L and dissolved oxygen ranged from 4.05±0.58 to 6.94±0.14 mg/L. MGEs such as plasmid and integron were detected in Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Enterobacter cloacae. Findings revealed that there is a need for improved water quality monitoring and public health interventions to mitigate the risks associated with antibiotic resistant bacteria in water from River Ala.
Abstract: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can release resistance genes into the rivers, potentially spreading them through mobile genetic elements such as transposable elements, bacteriophages, plasmids, and gene cassettes play a crucial role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and horizontal gene transfer. This study investigated the mobile genetic ...
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