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Research Article
Exploring Endophytic Microbiomes of Solanum nigrum and Aristolochia indica: A Green Approach to Sustainable Drug Discovery
Udaybhan Yadav*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
66-72
Received:
7 June 2025
Accepted:
21 June 2025
Published:
30 July 2025
Abstract: The accelerating demand for eco-friendly, sustainable therapeutic alternatives has highlighted the potential of plant-associated microbiomes as a promising resource for novel drug discovery. Among these, endophytic microorganisms those that reside asymptomatically within plant tissues—are gaining prominence due to their ability to synthesize a diverse range of bioactive metabolites analogous to their host plants. This study explores the endophytic microbiomes of two underutilized yet pharmacologically rich medicinal plants, Solanum nigrum (Black Nightshade) and Aristolochia indica (Indian Birthwort), collected from the semi-evergreen ecosystem of Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP), Borivali, Maharashtra, India. Both species, despite their rich ethnomedicinal background, remain underexplored in terms of their microbial associations. S. nigrum is known for its hepatoprotective, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects, while A. indica exhibits antimicrobial and antimalarial properties. Endophytes were isolated from surface-sterilized root, stem, and leaf tissues using standard culturing techniques. A total of 46 morphologically distinct bacterial and fungal endophytes were recovered and subjected to molecular identification via 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing, respectively. Functional screening revealed several promising strains with potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, antioxidant potential via DPPH radical scavenging assay, and cytotoxic effects against HeLa cell lines. Notably, strains of Bacillus, Streptomyces, and Fusarium showed strong metabolic profiles. Further, diversity indices (Shannon-Weaver, Simpson) indicated higher endophytic richness in A. indica roots compared to aerial parts. This investigation underscores the symbiotic microbial wealth harbored within neglected medicinal flora and their potential application in drug development pipelines. By adopting a green bioprospecting approach through plant-endophyte synergy, this study opens up a sustainable avenue for exploring bioactive compounds while conserving biodiversity. The findings lay the groundwork for future metagenomic and metabolomic studies aimed at tapping endophytic biosynthetic pathways.
Abstract: The accelerating demand for eco-friendly, sustainable therapeutic alternatives has highlighted the potential of plant-associated microbiomes as a promising resource for novel drug discovery. Among these, endophytic microorganisms those that reside asymptomatically within plant tissues—are gaining prominence due to their ability to synthesize a dive...
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Review Article
Revisiting Chemical and Microbiological Quality and Safety of Fish and Fish Products
Abdulsudi Issa-Zacharia,
Riziki Salehe Msangi*,
Goodchance Revingstone Mboya
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
73-90
Received:
13 May 2025
Accepted:
11 June 2025
Published:
4 August 2025
Abstract: Fish and fishery products constitute a primary global food source, providing essential protein and nutrients. Ensuring their safety and quality throughout the supply chain is paramount. The safety and quality of fish and fish products are paramount considerations in the global food industry but their quality and safety may be compromised at various stages of transport, handling, and processing. The major contaminants of fish and fish products are chemical and microbiological in nature. Chemical contaminants commonly found in fish, including heavy metals, pesticides, and persistent organic pollutants which pose significant risks to consumers. Microbiological contaminants are both pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms such as Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Vibrio spp which are often implicated in foodborne illnesses associated with seafood consumption. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the chemical and microbiological contaminants facing the fish industry while advocating for enhanced regulatory frameworks and sustainable practices to ensure consumer safety as well as modern methods for detecting these microorganisms, including molecular techniques like PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and biosensors that enhance detection sensitivity.
Abstract: Fish and fishery products constitute a primary global food source, providing essential protein and nutrients. Ensuring their safety and quality throughout the supply chain is paramount. The safety and quality of fish and fish products are paramount considerations in the global food industry but their quality and safety may be compromised at various...
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Review Article
The Advancement of Microalgal Cultivation Technology: Current Trends and Future Prospectives
Alebachew Molla*,
Gedif Meseret
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
91-101
Received:
17 July 2025
Accepted:
1 August 2025
Published:
25 August 2025
Abstract: Microalgae have emerged as promising sustainable bioresources due to their rapid growth, metabolic versatility, and capacity to produce diverse valuable compounds, including biofuels, nutraceuticals, pigments, and bioplastics. This review focusses microalgal cultivation technologies, encompassing open systems, closed photobioreactors (tubular, flat-panel, bubble-column designs) and biofilm techniques. It contrasts each system’s advantages and limitations in productivity, contamination control, energy efficiency, and scalability. Advances in strain improvement via genetic engineering and synthetic biology are examined alongside innovative cultivation strategies like co-cultivation and biofilm-based systems for enhancing biomass yield and sustainability. The integration of automation, real-time monitoring, and artificial intelligence for optimized cultivation management is dissected. Recent breakthroughs in reactor design, automation, real-time monitoring, and genetic engineering collectively boost process efficiency and scalability. Despite persistent hurdles in contamination control, nutrient supply, and energy-intensive harvesting, continuous innovation is accelerating microalgae's path toward commercial viability, cementing their central role in a sustainable, circular bioeconomy. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive synthesis of recent technological developments and innovative strategies in microalgal cultivation that enhance biomass productivity, sustainability, and economic viability.
Abstract: Microalgae have emerged as promising sustainable bioresources due to their rapid growth, metabolic versatility, and capacity to produce diverse valuable compounds, including biofuels, nutraceuticals, pigments, and bioplastics. This review focusses microalgal cultivation technologies, encompassing open systems, closed photobioreactors (tubular, flat...
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Research Article
Morphological & Identification of Different Microorganisms from Classified Area in an Environmental Monitoring
Lakshman Markam*,
Saarvika Mishra,
Neeraj Malik,
Anirban Mukherjee,
Neeraj Verma
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
102-110
Received:
25 June 2025
Accepted:
28 July 2025
Published:
26 August 2025
Abstract: The pharmaceutical manufacturing unit is a facility where staff and supplies can be used repeatedly to complete various activities. Results from environmental monitoring reveal details about the room's physical arrangement, the operation of the HVAC system, gowning customs, employee hygiene, equipment, and cleaning procedures. Environmental monitoring is a key part of any pharmaceutical, biotechnology-produced, or medical device-controlled process to demonstrate that the microbial particulate level of all clean-room air and work surfaces is at acceptable levels. It is also regulation-driven. Microorganisms are used to classify particulate particle levels, microbial diversity, and ecosystem health.
Abstract: The pharmaceutical manufacturing unit is a facility where staff and supplies can be used repeatedly to complete various activities. Results from environmental monitoring reveal details about the room's physical arrangement, the operation of the HVAC system, gowning customs, employee hygiene, equipment, and cleaning procedures. Environmental monitor...
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Research Article
Molecular Characterization of Gram Negative Bacteria Involved in Sepsis Among Under Five Children in Akwa Ibom State Nigeria
Christopher Mary*,
Umoh Jarlath,
Owowo Etanguno,
Bassey Maria,
Nyoyoko Veronica
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
111-130
Received:
18 April 2025
Accepted:
28 April 2025
Published:
11 September 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20251003.15
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Abstract: Sepsis is a life threatening medical emergency, Gram negative bacteria the principal causes of sepsis are seen in higher proportions among pediatrics populations and are mostly antibiotic resistance organisms. This study was carried out to determine antibiotic resistance of Gram negative bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes involve in sepsis among under five children in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A hospital-based descriptive observational study of neonates with or without clinical features of sepsis. The subjects were children seen in General Hospital Ikot Ekpene, University Teaching Hospital Uyo and Immanuel Hospital Eket. A total of 180 children were sampled (60 from each hospital). A two milliliters (2 ml) sterile syringe with a 23gauge needle was used to collect blood sample aseptically from the vein of the arm of the child, inoculated on thioglycollate broth and subculture on MaConkey, blood and chocolate agar. Gram staining, biochemical characterization, antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance of Gram negative bacteria, their resistance genes were done. Of the 180 children, 123 tested positive for bacterial infections. Escherichia coli 25(13.9%), Proteus mirabilis 19(10.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15(8.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 12(6.7%), Serratia ficaria 9(5.0%), Rhizobium radiobacter 8(4.4%), Klebsiella oxytoca 7(3.9%), Chromobacterium violaceum 7(3.9%), Serratia marcescens 5(2.8%), Escherichia fergusonii 4(2.2%), Pseudomonas luteola 3(1.7%), Burkholderia cepacia 3(1.7%), Achromobacter xylosoxidans 3(1.7%), Burkholderia vietnamiensis 2(1.1%) and Serratia odorifera 1(0.6%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistance to the 12 antibiotic used 12(100%), Three isolates were finally selected for molecular analysis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae acquire blaSHV, PAGS, PASS, Cnf1 and hlyC genes, blaTEM amplify Pseudomonas and Klebsiella, FimH amplify only Klebsiella. Gram negative bacteria develop antibiotic resistance which poses a significant challenge in treating infections caused by this organism emphasizing the importance of responsible antibiotic use to mitigate further development of resistance.
Abstract: Sepsis is a life threatening medical emergency, Gram negative bacteria the principal causes of sepsis are seen in higher proportions among pediatrics populations and are mostly antibiotic resistance organisms. This study was carried out to determine antibiotic resistance of Gram negative bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes involve in sepsis among...
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