Research Article
Seasonal Variation in Hematological Disorders with Respect to Cytogenetic Abnormalities - A 12 Year Single-Center Perspective
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2026
Pages:
1-7
Received:
29 July 2026
Accepted:
20 August 2026
Published:
14 October 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.sdimmunol.20260101.11
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Views:
Abstract: This retrospective cross-sectional single-center study, conducted at the National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation (NIBD and BMT) in Karachi, Pakistan, aimed to investigate the relationship between seasonal variations and their effects on bone marrow cytogenetics leading to hematological abnormalities. By analyzing a 12-year dataset of hematological disorders including Aplastic Anemia (AA), Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN), cases were categorized by diagnosis season using retrospectively collected bone marrow trephine and cytogenetics reports. Among the 2,229 investigated patients (mean age: 36.81 ± 18.91 years; 61.6% male), abnormal cytogenetic findings were identified in 41.2% (n=919), demonstrating a highly significant association with age (p< 0.001), with adults exhibiting a higher frequency of abnormalities. While the incidence of CML, ALL, MDS, and AA peaked during the summer months (ranging from 31.1% to 33.3%), AML cases reached their highest frequency in the winter (31.6%), and all diseases recorded their lowest occurrences in the autumn. Notably, a significant seasonal association regarding abnormal cytogenetic findings was observed specifically in acute myeloid leukemia (p = 0.01). Ultimately, these findings highlight the substantial impact of both demographic factors and seasonal variations on the incidence patterns and cytogenetic profiles of hematological disorders.
Abstract: This retrospective cross-sectional single-center study, conducted at the National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation (NIBD and BMT) in Karachi, Pakistan, aimed to investigate the relationship between seasonal variations and their effects on bone marrow cytogenetics leading to hematological abnormalities. By analyzing a 12-y...
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Research Article
Antioxidant, Anti-infective and Anticoagulant Properties of Ganoderma Lucidum and Alkhadaya in the Comprehensive Correction of Coronavirus Infection COVID-19
Abilov Pulat Melisovich*
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2026
Pages:
8-25
Received:
27 July 2026
Accepted:
5 August 2026
Published:
14 October 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.sdimmunol.20260101.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Background: COVID-19 is characterized not only by active SARS-CoV-2 replication but also by systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulation abnormalities, which contribute to severe disease and multiorgan injury. Therefore, agents capable of simultaneously modulating viral replication, oxidative imbalance, inflammatory responses, and hemostatic disturbances may represent a promising approach to comprehensive correction of coronavirus infection. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-infective, and anticoagulant properties of a Ganoderma lucidum- and Alkhadaya-based intervention in an experimental model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: One hundred experimental animals were intranasally infected with SARS-CoV-2 and divided into four groups (n=25 each) receiving a Ganoderma lucidum-based intervention, remdesivir, molnupiravir, or baicalin. The 30-day study included assessment of viral load by RT-PCR, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses, cytokine and chemokine profiles, biochemical and coagulation parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity, histopathological changes, body-weight dynamics, and survival. Statistical evaluation included the Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test, Pearson χ² test, ROC analysis, logistic regression, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Results: Animals receiving the Ganoderma lucidum-based intervention demonstrated a substantially lower pulmonary viral RNA level on day 3 (3.5 log copies/mL) compared with the remdesivir, molnupiravir, and baicalin groups (6.65, 6.40, and 6.78 log copies/mL, respectively). No deaths were recorded in this group, corresponding to 100% survival, whereas mortality reached 23% in the remdesivir and molnupiravir groups and 100% in the baicalin group. Treatment was also associated with enhanced SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral responses; antibody levels against the spike protein and RBD were significantly higher than in the comparator groups (p=0.0043 and p<0.0001, respectively). The reported efficacy coefficient reached 92.7%. In addition, treatment was associated with modulation of oxidative-stress-related parameters, including increased glutathione peroxidase activity after prolonged administration. Conclusion: The experimental findings indicate that the Ganoderma lucidum- and Alkhadaya-based approach has potential multimodal activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection, combining antiviral, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and hemostasis-related effects. Its association with reduced viral load, enhanced antibody responses, and improved survival supports further controlled experimental studies to clarify its mechanisms, safety, and therapeutic potential.
Abstract: Background: COVID-19 is characterized not only by active SARS-CoV-2 replication but also by systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulation abnormalities, which contribute to severe disease and multiorgan injury. Therefore, agents capable of simultaneously modulating viral replication, oxidative imbalance, inflamma...
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