Abstract: Evaluation of Rhabdosargus sarba caught from South Arabian Gulf of the United Arab Emirates was investigated using a combination of size frequency and biological data. Forked length ranged between 14.0 and 39.0cm. Length-weight relationship for combined sexes of R. sarba was estimated as W=0.0338*L2.7807. The spawning season of R. sarba was over a limit time period from November to February and the peaks were in January and February for males and females respectively. The overall sex ratio throughout the study period was 1:1.4 males to females, which was not significantly different from 1:1. The size and age at 50% sexual maturity was 22.01cm FL and 2.39years. The FiSAT II software was used to perform the estimate of growth, mortality and exploitation rate. Parameter values of asymptotic length L∞ and growth coefficient K were 41.94cm FL and 0.25y-1 respectively. Age at length zero to was estimated by substituting the asymptotic length and growth coefficient in Pauly’s equation. Instantaneous rate of total and natural mortalities were estimated as 1.09, 0.66 y-1 respectively. The length at first capture was obtained as 19.51cm that was smaller than the length at first sexual maturity. The rate of fishing mortality (F=0.43y-1) is higher than the optimum level (Fopt =0.33y-1) and was close to limit (Flimit =0.44yr-1) biological reference point, indicated that the resource is slightly over-exploited. Results also indicated that the reduction of current level of fishing mortality to optimum level will lead to reduction of exploitation rate by 23.08%.Abstract: Evaluation of Rhabdosargus sarba caught from South Arabian Gulf of the United Arab Emirates was investigated using a combination of size frequency and biological data. Forked length ranged between 14.0 and 39.0cm. Length-weight relationship for combined sexes of R. sarba was estimated as W=0.0338*L2.7807. The spawning season of R. sarba was over a ...Show More
Abstract: For many years people have speculated that electroencephalographic activity or other electrophysiological measures of brain functionmight provide a new non-muscular channel for sending messages and commands to the external world – a brain–computer interface (BCI) [4]. Over the past 15 years, productive BCI research programs have arisen [4]. Encouraged by new understanding of brain function, by the advent ofpowerful low-cost computer equipment, and by growing recognition of the needs and potentials of people with disabilities, these programsconcentrate on developing new augmentative communication and control technology for those with severe neuromuscular disorders, such asamyotrophic lateral sclerosis, brainstem stroke, and spinal cord injury [34]. The immediate goal is to provide these users, who may be completelyparalyzed, or ‘locked in’, with basic communication capabilities so that they can express their wishes to caregivers or even operate word processing programs or neuroprostheses [4]. Present-day BCIs determine the intent of the user from a variety of different electrophysiologicalsignals [4]. These signals include slow cortical potentials, P300 potentials, and mu or beta rhythms recorded from the scalp, and cortical neuronalactivity recorded by implanted electrodes [4]. They are translated in real-time into commands that operate a computer display or other device [4]. Successful operation requires that the user encode commands in these signals and that the BCI derive the commands from the signals [4]. Thus, the user and the BCI system need to adapt to each other both initially and continually so as to ensure stable performance [29]. Current BCIs havemaximum information transfer rates up to 10–25 bits/min [4]. This limited capacity can be valuable for people whose severe disabilities preventthem from using conventional augmentative communication methods [4].Abstract: For many years people have speculated that electroencephalographic activity or other electrophysiological measures of brain functionmight provide a new non-muscular channel for sending messages and commands to the external world – a brain–computer interface (BCI) [4]. Over the past 15 years, productive BCI research programs have arisen [4]. Encoura...Show More
