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Research Article
Effects of Farmyard Manure and Nitrogen Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Low Land Rice (Oryza sativa L.) on Vertisols of Fogera District, Northwestern Ethiopia
Banchamlak Bitew*
,
Eyayu Molla,
Tilahun Tadesse
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2024
Pages:
37-51
Received:
3 July 2024
Accepted:
22 July 2024
Published:
15 August 2024
Abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major cereal crop in Fogera district; however, the current yield is decreased due to low soil fertility status as a result of continuous cultivation, inadequate use of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Hence, a field experiment was conducted at Fogera National Rice Research and Training Center (FNRRTC) during the 2021 cropping season to determine the effects of farmyard manure and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of lowland rice on vertisols of Fogera district. The treatments were laid out as factorial combination of three levels of FYM (0, 5, and 7.5 t ha-1) and four levels of Nitrogen (0, 46, 92, and 184 kg ha-1). The experiment was arranged at (RCBD) with three replications. The phenological, yield and yield components of rice data were collected during the growth period. All collected phenological, yield and yield components of rice data were analyzed by using SAS software (version 9.4). Analysis of the results revealed that application of FYM at 7.5 t ha-1 combined with 92 kg N ha-1 increased grain yield by 218.25% compared to the negative controls. The highest rice grain yield (7533.1 kg ha-1), biomass yield (14553.1kg ha-1), number of grains per panicle (153.27) and harvest index (51.89%) were obtained from the application of 7.5 t ha-1 FYM with 92 kg ha-1 N. Therefore, combined applications of 7.5 t ha-1 FYM with 92 kg ha-1 N is the recommended treatment that economically feasible for rice production and soil fertility improvements on the Vertisols of the study area, which provided the net benefit of (166,838.02ETB ha-1) with an acceptable MRR of 3122.99%.
Abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major cereal crop in Fogera district; however, the current yield is decreased due to low soil fertility status as a result of continuous cultivation, inadequate use of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Hence, a field experiment was conducted at Fogera National Rice Research and Training Center (FNRRTC) during the 2021 c...
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Research Article
Optimum Seeding and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates for Maximizing Yield and Sustaining Rain-Fed Lowland Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) in Fogera Plain North-western Ethiopia
Yasin Taye*,
Dereje Ayalew,
Bayuh Abera
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2024
Pages:
52-65
Received:
2 April 2024
Accepted:
30 July 2024
Published:
27 August 2024
Abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is increasingly becoming an important food crop in Ethiopia. However, the average rice productivity in Ethiopia is estimated at 2.8 t ha-1 which is much lower than the world average, 4.6 t ha-1. Its productivity is challenged due to a lack of appropriate and location-specific agronomic practices like the application of optimum doses of nitrogen fertilizer and the use of optimum seeding rates. Thus, a field experiment was conducted in Fogera district in South Gondar Zone, Northwestern Ethiopia during the 2021 main cropping season to determine the optimum dose of N level and seeding rate. The treatments comprised factorial combinations of four levels of N (134, 184, 234 and 284 kg ha-1) and four different seeding rates (60, 80, 100, and 120 kg ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. All data on phenology, vegetative growth yield and yield-related parameters were collected and measured following scientific standards of each parameter. Those data were subjected to analysis of variance using the general linear model (GLM) procedures of SAS 9.0 version system. Economic analysis was also carried out by following CIMMYT partial budget analysis procedures. The analysis result showed the main effects of both, different levels of nitrogen and different rate of seeding, and their interactions showed highly significant effect on the number of both total and effective tillers, grain filling, panicle length, phonological parameters, totals spikelet’s, thousands seed weight, grain yield, biological yield and straw yield. Application of 184 kg N ha-1 level with a seeding rate 100 kg ha-1 gave the maximum grain yield (6,641 kg ha-1), the highest number of effective tillers per m2 (792) and filled grains per panicle (95.34). Furthermore, the highest net return of ETB 118,850 with acceptable marginal rate of return (2,313%) was also obtained from the application of 184 kg N ha-1 level and a seeding rate 100 kg ha-1. From the current research experiment, it is possible to conclude that increasing seeding rate beyond 100 kg ha-1 and N above 184 kg N ha-1 is not economical yield of rice “Selam’’ variety in the study area. Rather, use of 184 kg N ha-1 and seeding rate of 100 kg ha-1 is promising for Lowland Rice (Selam) variety production under the rain fed condition in Fogera Plains and similar agro-ecologies of rain-fed growing area of Ethiopia for better economic and agronomic advantage.
Abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is increasingly becoming an important food crop in Ethiopia. However, the average rice productivity in Ethiopia is estimated at 2.8 t ha-1 which is much lower than the world average, 4.6 t ha-1. Its productivity is challenged due to a lack of appropriate and location-specific agronomic practices like the application of optimu...
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Research Article
Validation Trial of Rhizobium Strains Inoculation on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia
Desalegn Regassa*
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2024
Pages:
66-76
Received:
24 October 2024
Accepted:
20 November 2024
Published:
30 December 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.jcebe.20240802.13
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Abstract: The sustainability of agriculture has become a major global concern due to the adverse environmental impacts of intensive chemical input use. The application of biofertilizers, such as rhizobium, can mitigate the reliance on chemical fertilizers, reduce production costs, and lessen environmental harm. This study evaluates the benefits of rhizobial inoculation in enhancing chickpea productivity and its implications for broader adoption. Conducted in the Becho and Seya-Debrna Wayu districts of Ethiopia during the 2019 cropping season, the experiment utilized two chickpea varieties (Habru and Natoli) and three rhizobium strains (cp-11, cp-17, and cp-29) in a factorial randomized complete block design with unfertilized controls. Data on grain yield, above-ground biomass yield, yield components, and nodule scores were collected and analyzed using ANOVA in SAS. Results indicated significant differences among treatments in nodulation, grain yield, and yield components. The combination of the recommended NPS boron blend (100 kg/ha) with the CP-29 strain yielded the highest grain yield (4.52 ton/ha), the most pods per plant (39.88), and the tallest plants (112.6 cm). This treatment increased grain yield by 55.22% and 26.41% over the uninoculated and unfertilized control and the uninoculated but phosphorus-fertilized control, respectively, demonstrating the potential of inoculant technology to enhance chickpea productivity. The Habru variety consistently outperformed at both sites, warranting its recommendation for further promotion in the study districts and similar agro-ecological zones in Ethiopia.
Abstract: The sustainability of agriculture has become a major global concern due to the adverse environmental impacts of intensive chemical input use. The application of biofertilizers, such as rhizobium, can mitigate the reliance on chemical fertilizers, reduce production costs, and lessen environmental harm. This study evaluates the benefits of rhizobial ...
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Review Article
Interactive Effects of Location and N- Fertilizer Rates on Grain Quality Traits of Bread Wheat Varieties at Arsi Zone, South-Eastern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2024
Pages:
77-87
Received:
6 December 2024
Accepted:
19 December 2024
Published:
31 December 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.jcebe.20240802.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Nowadays it is not only the amount of yield that is important, but also the quality of the grain produced, because the quality of the grain determines the direction of use. In view of this, the current work was conducted in 2017/2018 cropping season with factorial combinations of two bread wheat varieties (Lemu and Wane), five N-rates (0, 46, 92,138 and 184 kg N ha-1) and two different locations (Lemu-Bilbilo and Tiyo). The experiment was laid down using a RCBD with three replications. The results explained that, with the exception of 1000 grain weight (TGW) and hectoliter weight (HLW), the remaining parameters included in this study are significantly influenced by the interactions of location x N-rate x variety, while the two-way interactions of location x variety and N-rate x variety were affected all studied parameters except HLW which didn’t affected by the interaction effects of location x variety. The maximum grain yield (7721 and 7481 kg ha-1) was achieved from Wane and Lemu at Lemu-Bilbilo and Tiyo at N-rates of 184 and 92 kg ha-1, respectively. The peak value of gluten index (GI) (87.9 and 87.4%) was determined in Wane and Lemu varieties, respectively, in unfertilized plot and at N rate of 138 kg ha-1, sequentially and at par with 138 and 184 kg ha-1 for wane and at par with N rate of 46 kg ha-1 plus with unfertilized plot for Lemu variety in Lemu-Bilbilo. The value of GI recorded at unfertilized plots and N-rate of 46 kg ha-1 was significantly at par for Lemu variety, while for wane significantly the same as the GI obtained at N-rate of 46 and 92 kg ha-1 at Tiyo. The effects of N rates at Lemu-Bilbilo was significantly on the same level, but the peak value of wet gluten (55.1%) and dry gluten (20.7%) were gained at 184 kg N ha-1 in Tiyo and significantly the level of 46, 92 & 138 kg N ha-1 for dry gluten and 138 kg N ha-1 for wet gluten. In Lemu-Bilbilo the HLW was increased with an increased N-rate, while in Tiyo it had increased to 92 kg N ha-1. Based on parameters examined, the N rates of 92 and 138 kg ha-1 for both varieties at the Tiyo and Lemu-Bilbilo study sites were therefore economically justifiable.
Abstract: Nowadays it is not only the amount of yield that is important, but also the quality of the grain produced, because the quality of the grain determines the direction of use. In view of this, the current work was conducted in 2017/2018 cropping season with factorial combinations of two bread wheat varieties (Lemu and Wane), five N-rates (0, 46, 92,13...
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