Research Article
Chronic Kidney Disease Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Southern Ethiopia: Burden, Awareness and Associated Factors - A Mixed Method Study
Amanuel Arota*
,
Yimer Seid,
Wakgari Deressa,
Feyisa Shasho Bayisa
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
240-253
Received:
17 June 2025
Accepted:
2 July 2025
Published:
26 September 2025
Abstract: Background: Ethiopia is one of the developing countries with a high burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. However, little is known about its extent, patient awareness level and contributing factors among patients with diabetes. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the magnitude, awareness and factors associated with CKD among DM patients in Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study with concurrent qualitative study design was conducted between March 2023 and May 2023 in Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A total of 312 patients were selected randomly for quantitative part, and fourteen patients were selected for qualitative study. Data was collected using both medical charts and in-depth interview of patients. Binary logistic regression with odds ratio was used to analyse the association of outcome with predictor variables. P value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Qualitative interview was analysed thematically. Result: The majority 206 (66.03%) of participants were male. The mean age (±SD=standard deviation) of participants was 43 (±13.95) years. The proportion of chronic kidney disease among diabetes patients was 20.05% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18-29). The duration of diabetes greater than ten years (adjusted odds ration [AOR]= 3.42: 95% CI: 1.58-7.38, p = 0.002), Proteinuria (AOR = 5.13: 95% CI: 2.40-10.96, p < 0.001), diabetic retinopathy (AOR = 2.36: 95% CI: 1.07-5.18, p = 0.032), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels of 150 mg/dL or higher (AOR = 2.40: 95% CI: 1.10-5.23, p = 0.026) were independently associated with CKD. Low patient awareness of CKD, poor perception of susceptibility and lack of initiative to know their kidney heath status was the main identified themes qualitatively. Conclusion: High burden with unacceptably low awareness of chronic kidney disease was found in this study. Prolonged duration of diabetes, proteinuria, diabetic retinopathy, and elevated fasting blood sugar levels were significantly associated with chronic kidney disease. Comprehensive patient education, routine screening, and integrated care strategies that not only promote awareness but also address the significant predictors to enhance early detection and prevention of CKD in diabetes patients should be implemented.
Abstract: Background: Ethiopia is one of the developing countries with a high burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. However, little is known about its extent, patient awareness level and contributing factors among patients with diabetes. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the magnitude, awareness and factors ...
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Research Article
Influence of NPSB Blended Fertilizer and Cattle Manure Rates on Growth, Yield and Quality of Carrot (Daucus Carota L.) in Horro District, Western Ethiopia
Alemu Hailu Deme*
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
254-261
Received:
7 July 2025
Accepted:
22 July 2025
Published:
17 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.scidev.20250604.12
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Abstract: Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is an important vegetable crop in Ethiopia, yet its productivity remains low due to poor soil fertility and inadequate nutrient management. This study, conducted in 2024 at Gitilo Dale, Wollega University, Shambu Campus, Western Ethiopia, aimed to evaluate the effects of integrated nutrient management using cattle manure (CM) and NPSB blended fertilizer on the growth, yield, and quality of carrot. A field experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 16 treatments comprising four levels of CM (0, 6, 10, and 14 t ha⁻1) and four levels of NPSB fertilizer (0, 60, 100 and 140 kg ha⁻1), replicated three times. Key agronomic parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, aboveground biomass, root yield, and quality traits including root length, diameter, fresh weight, length-to-diameter ratio, and dry matter content were measured. Results revealed that the combined application of 10 t ha⁻1 CM and 100 kg ha⁻1 NPSB significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced all growth, yield, and quality attributes compared to the control. The highest total root yield (39.5 t ha⁻1), root length (17.8 cm), root diameter (3.8 cm), and dry matter content (14.8%) were recorded under this treatment. Conversely, the lowest performance was observed in the untreated control. The study concludes that integrating organic and an inorganic fertilizer improves carrot productivity, root quality, and soil health. Therefore, the combined use of 10 t ha⁻1 CM and 100 kg ha⁻1 NPSB is recommended for sustainable carrot production in the highlands of Western Ethiopia.
Abstract: Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is an important vegetable crop in Ethiopia, yet its productivity remains low due to poor soil fertility and inadequate nutrient management. This study, conducted in 2024 at Gitilo Dale, Wollega University, Shambu Campus, Western Ethiopia, aimed to evaluate the effects of integrated nutrient management using cattle manure (...
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