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Roles of Light-Harvesting Complex Stress-Related Proteins in the Stress Responses of Chlamydomonas
Menglin Shi,
Lin Zhou,
Meijie Cui,
Tongling Ge,
Fangjian Chen,
Lei Zhao
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
1-11
Received:
14 December 2021
Accepted:
30 December 2021
Published:
8 January 2022
Abstract: Light is very important for photosynthesis in plants. However, excess light can result in photodamage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Via nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), the oxidative stress caused by excess light energy can be counteracted by photoprotective mechanisms that evolve photosynthetic/oxygenic organisms. Energy-dependent quenching (qE), as the major NPQ component, relies on the accumulation of specific proteins that are termed light-harvesting complex stress-related (LHCSR) proteins in microalgae and mosses. LHCSRs have been reported to participate in adaptation to diverse environmental stresses, including excess light. In this review, we discuss the identification of LHCSRs in Chlamydomonas and the basic biochemical properties and functions of LHCSRs in acclimation to environmental stresses such as excess light and salt stress. We further review the potential interactive factors and upstream regulators of LHCSRs in Chlamydomonas, aiming to explore the underlying mechanism of LHCSRs in adaptation to multiple environmental stresses. We also discuss the evolution of LHCSRs in green algae and mosses and tentatively speculate about their participation in the adaptation to environmental change of the Earth. Work on Chlamydomonas LHCSR could provide clues to analyze the roles of LHCSR in both green algae and mosses. Thus, we offer an overview of current knowledge on the characteristics and functions of Chlamydomonas LHCSRs, which could shed new light on their detailed studies in both green algae and moss in the future.
Abstract: Light is very important for photosynthesis in plants. However, excess light can result in photodamage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Via nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), the oxidative stress caused by excess light energy can be counteracted by photoprotective mechanisms that evolve photosynthetic/oxygenic organisms. Energy-dependent quenching (q...
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Genetic Variability for Yield and Yield Related Traits in Advanced Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Lines in Eastern Ethiopia
Almaz Bedada,
Bulti Tesso,
Ermias Habte
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
12-18
Received:
2 December 2021
Accepted:
5 January 2022
Published:
12 January 2022
Abstract: Developing high yielding bread wheat genotypes with superior agronomic trait requires understanding the extent of genetic variability in existing germplasm. The current study was designed to generate information on genetic variability and inheritance of yield and its component traits using 36 advanced bread wheat lines. Field experiment was conducted in 2018 cropping season at Haramaya and Hirna in eastern Ethiopia using triple lattice design. Fifteen quantitative traits were measured and subjected to analysis of variance and genetic analyses. Analysis of variance revealed that there was highly significant difference among genotypes for all quantitative traits at both locations. The lowest and the highest phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) values were obtained for hectoliter weight and number of fertile tillers per plant, respectively at both locations. Heritability in broad sense and genetic advance as percent of mean ranged from 39.1% (number of kernels per spike) to 90.1% (days to heading), and from 2.4% (hectoliter weight) to 48.5% (number of fertile tillers), respectively at Haramaya. At Hirna, these parameters ranged from 29.3% (hectoliter weight) to 91.9% (grain yield), and from 1.5% (hectoliter weight) to 27.6% (total tillers per plant), respectively. high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for total number of tillers per plant, number of fertile tillers per plant, grain yield per hectare, and above ground biomass per hectare at Haramaya. and for spike length, total number of tiller per plant, number of fertile tiller per plant, grain yield per hectare, and above ground biomass per hectare at Hirna. This indicates that improvement of these traits through selection is easier than other traits measured.
Abstract: Developing high yielding bread wheat genotypes with superior agronomic trait requires understanding the extent of genetic variability in existing germplasm. The current study was designed to generate information on genetic variability and inheritance of yield and its component traits using 36 advanced bread wheat lines. Field experiment was conduct...
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Agro-morphological Variability Study of Ethiopian Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Accessions for Their Important Agronomical Traits at Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Delessa Angassa,
Jemal Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
19-25
Received:
12 December 2021
Accepted:
31 December 2021
Published:
15 January 2022
Abstract: Utilization of conserved germplasm after assessing their level of diversity enables breeders by providing option of selection. Furthermore, exploiting existed genetic resources will enable us to increase production and secure food security in the era of climate change. In this regard 64 landrace barley accession and 3 released variety evaluated for eight quantitative traits in southern Ethiopia in 2019. The experiment was laid down in augmented block design with three standard checks which replicated in each block. The analysis of variance of eight quantitative traits indicated that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between tested genotypes except for days to 75% maturity and plant height. Grain yield ranges from 20.72 to 57.33 quintals ha-1. The highest grain yield was harvested from Chefo (released variety). Nevertheless, the highest grain yield was measured from the one improved variety; 43 of the farmer’s varieties were above the two improved verities. The principal component analysis resulted in two principal components (PC1 to PC2) with eigenvalues ranged from 1.74 to 4.30 containing variability of 21.80% and 53.77% respectively. The genotypes were broadly grouped into two distinct clusters. The first cluster contains 44 (65.67%) genotypes and the second cluster includes 23 (34.33%) genotypes including two of the improved varieties. Generally, the study showed the hidden potential of farmers’ varieties accessions in improving yield through the utilization of conserved germplasm.
Abstract: Utilization of conserved germplasm after assessing their level of diversity enables breeders by providing option of selection. Furthermore, exploiting existed genetic resources will enable us to increase production and secure food security in the era of climate change. In this regard 64 landrace barley accession and 3 released variety evaluated for...
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Virola parvusligna, a New Species of Myristicaceae from the Cordillera Azul National Park, Peru
Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez,
Luis Valenzuela Gamarra
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
26-31
Received:
26 October 2021
Accepted:
1 December 2021
Published:
21 January 2022
Abstract: In one of expeditions realized by Missouri Botanical Garden in May 2019, we found a small tree as part of the project "Diversity of flora and its relationships with the soil, in the wild area of Cordillera Azul National Park"; examining the botanic samples be carefully and realizing respective comparisons, we arrived to conclusion that it has different characteristics from the others species of Virola. Therefore it would be a new species for science; the new species is described and illustrated in the present article; it is characterized because generally they are small trees 2.0 m highest; the terminal twigs with persistent indument, terete; leaves, ovate-elliptical to oblong-elliptical, with 10–15 pairs of secondary veins; pistillate inflorescences, axillary 1.5–1.6 cm long, with 6–12 flowers; fruits 1–4, obovate-elliptical, carinate, acute apex 2.0 –2.2 × 1–1.2 cm, densely ferruginous tomentose. On the other hand, we present the discussions regarding the relations with other species, for which we include illustrations, images, and data on its ecology, phenology, geographical distribution, geological location and its current state of conservation.
Abstract: In one of expeditions realized by Missouri Botanical Garden in May 2019, we found a small tree as part of the project "Diversity of flora and its relationships with the soil, in the wild area of Cordillera Azul National Park"; examining the botanic samples be carefully and realizing respective comparisons, we arrived to conclusion that it has diffe...
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Variations of Stem and Branch Wood Properties of Nesogordonia papaverifera in Ghana
Antwi Kwaku,
Cremer Tobias,
Frimpong-Mensah Kwasi
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
32-41
Received:
23 December 2021
Accepted:
19 January 2022
Published:
9 February 2022
Abstract: The characteristics of Nesogordonia papaverifera stemwood and branchwood were investigated. Within Ghana's middle belt, five mature trees with identical diameter at breast height were chosen. Mechanical characteristics and basic density were determined in accordance with British Standard BS 373 and ASTMD 2395, respectively. The IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification was followed by anatomical features. Basic density, mechanical, and anatomical parameters all had a positive connection (P<0.05). Branchwood had a little higher basic density than stemwood, and heartwood had a slightly higher basic density than sapwood. There were minor changes in MoE, MoR, compression, shear, and hardness between the heartwood and sapwood. The stem and branch, on the other hand, were comparable. Fibre percentages were higher in stemwood than branchwood and in heartwoods than sapwoods anatomically. There were more vessels in the branch than in the stem, and in the sap than in the heart. The branchwood of N. papaverifera had medium strength qualities that were comparable to most medium construction species' stemwood and could thus be used in addition to their stemwood. The study has offered information on N. papaverifera branchwood that may inspire trust and interest in the use of branchwood as a supplemental material in the manufacture of wood products.
Abstract: The characteristics of Nesogordonia papaverifera stemwood and branchwood were investigated. Within Ghana's middle belt, five mature trees with identical diameter at breast height were chosen. Mechanical characteristics and basic density were determined in accordance with British Standard BS 373 and ASTMD 2395, respectively. The IAWA list of microsc...
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Performance Evaluation of Onion Varieties at Biyo Awale Cluster in Diredawa Administration
Fikadu Tadesse,
Gezu Degefa,
Frezer Yemane,
Mohammed Jafar
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
42-45
Received:
20 October 2021
Accepted:
15 December 2021
Published:
16 February 2022
Abstract: Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important crop worldwide. It is important in the daily Ethiopian diet. It is widely produced by small farmers and commercial growers throughout the year for local use and export market. No strong study has been conducted to evaluate the suitability of onion cultivation in Biyo Awale district of Diredawa. Hence, the present experiment was conducted to study the performance of improved varieties of onion for their suitability for cultivation in Biyo Awale district of Diredawa. The study was carried out during 2018-2019 cropping season to test the performance of onion varieties. Five high yielding onion varieties were planted in complete randomized block design experiment with three replications including local check at farmer’s field. The quantitative data on bulb yield, plant height, bulb size and number of leaves of onion varieties were collected. Harvesting was done and weighed when all onion varieties reach maturity (90% tops down). The results revealed that the tested onion varieties differ significantly for leaf length, leaf number, neck diameter, bulb diameter, average bulb weight and bulb yield. Among the varieties Bombay red and Melkam produced higher bulb yield (25.56 and 21.13 t ha-1) and gave 140.68% and 98.96% yield advantage over local check varieties, respectively. Therefore, Bombay Red and Melkam varieties were recommended to the study area and similar agro-ecology.
Abstract: Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important crop worldwide. It is important in the daily Ethiopian diet. It is widely produced by small farmers and commercial growers throughout the year for local use and export market. No strong study has been conducted to evaluate the suitability of onion cultivation in Biyo Awale district of Diredawa. Hence, the pres...
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Registration of Milkesa, Large-red Seed Food Type Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Varieties for Midland Areas of Bale and East Bale, Southeast Ethiopia
Amanuel Tekalign,
Tadele Tadesse,
Belay Asmare
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
46-50
Received:
9 December 2021
Accepted:
9 February 2022
Published:
16 February 2022
Abstract: The name Milkesa was given to Large-red seed Food Type Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) variety with the pedigree of DAB-523. The objective of this study was to register stable high yielding and disease resistant/tolerant common bean variety for midlands areas of Bale, East bale and other similar agro-ecologies in the country. Total of sixteen Large-red Seed Common Bean genotypes including the standard check “Melka dima and Red kidney” were evaluated across two locations (Goro and Ginner) for three years (2015 to 2017). One promising genotype, “DAB-523” were selected and promoted to variety verification trail with the standard check during the 2020/21 cropping season. The national variety release technical committee evaluated the candidate varieties both at Goro and Ginner. Milkesa is characterized by large-seeded with red grain color and gave high seed yield (1626kg ha-1) and stable performance across years and locations. It has about 10.03% yield advantage over the best standard check variety, “Melka dima”. The variety is also resistant/ Tolerant level of reactions to Alternaria Leaf Spot, Common Bacteria Blight and Rust. Milkesa is released for the Midland Areas of Bale, East Bale, and similar agro-ecologies. Therefore, farmers could be cultivated Milkesa for increasing productivity of the crop with its full recommended packages.
Abstract: The name Milkesa was given to Large-red seed Food Type Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) variety with the pedigree of DAB-523. The objective of this study was to register stable high yielding and disease resistant/tolerant common bean variety for midlands areas of Bale, East bale and other similar agro-ecologies in the country. Total of sixteen Larg...
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