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Research Article
Biofungicide Based Calcium, Azadirachta indica and Sida acuta Against Phytophthora megakarya
Ebenezer Tatiekam Foka,
Paul Martial Téné Tayo,
Tatiana Flore Magni Pacha,
Aristide Dzelamonyuy,
Sylvain Leroy Kamdem Sado,
Pierre Effa Onomo,
Cécile Annie Ewané*,
Thaddée Boudjeko
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, December 2023
Pages:
171-181
Received:
14 September 2023
Accepted:
4 October 2023
Published:
9 November 2023
Abstract: Plant pesticides are a complementary means to other control methods and an alternative to chemical control. The identification of potential plants that can be used in plant protection against pests is increasing enormously, but the availability of bioformulations is low. The new products developed for plant protection aim to protect them against a larger range of pathogens and include elicitors. The objective of this study is to produce an optimal emulsion bioformulation based on neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), Sida (Sida acuta Burm. F.) and calcium, that can be used for plant protection against pests. The surface plot of the four factor simplex lattice designs data help to construct significant linear models for stability and activity. The best formulation was selected and optimize. The four Factor mixture designs and stability as well as activity models showed that the best formulation has neem oil (No) 12% (v/v), neem aqueous extract (Ne) 9% (w/v), sida weed hydroalcoholic extract (Se) 9% (w/v), Oyster shell’s calcium-rich extract (Ca) 6% (w/v) and tween-80 (Tw) 24% (v/v) with the production process “AQ + (Tw+No)”. Therefore, the optimize formulation has No 12% (v/v), Ne 9% (w/v), Se 9% (w/v), Ca 4.5%(w/v), calcium oxide (CaO 1.5% (w/v) and Tw 24% (v/v) with the production process “(Tw+No) + AQ”. The best formulation and the optimize one at ambient temperature have 100% of stability and a significant dose dependent activity (P <0.05) against plant pathogens. Apply optimize formulation at 1% on the detached cocoa leaves before inoculation with Phytophthora megakarya reduces disease severity index from 4.2 to 1.5. These results suggest that our models and bioformulation can be useful for T. cocoa protection against P. megakarya, the causal agent of black pod disease.
Abstract: Plant pesticides are a complementary means to other control methods and an alternative to chemical control. The identification of potential plants that can be used in plant protection against pests is increasing enormously, but the availability of bioformulations is low. The new products developed for plant protection aim to protect them against a ...
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Research Article
Screening of Red Small Common Bean Genotypes for Resistance to Angular Leaf Spot and Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease of Common Bean at Bako Area
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, December 2023
Pages:
182-191
Received:
22 October 2023
Accepted:
9 November 2023
Published:
29 November 2023
Abstract: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop worldwide, comprising of both dry beans and snap (green) beans. The crop has significant economic importance both in income and food sources with high nutritional value in developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Despite the economic and food security importance of these crops, actual smallholder farm yields are by far below the potential production. The effect of diseases may be restricted to certain production systems, locations and cropping seasons. This activity was initiated to screen resistance or moderately resistance Common bean genotypes against to Angular leaf spot and cercospora leaf spot disease of common bean. 121 common genotypes were used in the experimental with arranged in simple lattice design two rows for one genotype. Disease severity was assessed from 8 per-tagged plants as the percentage with regular intervals using a 1-9 scale. The highest final angular leaf spot and cercospora leaf spot disease severity index was recorded G27 (61.7%) and G92 (38.3%) followed by G172 (60%), and G163 (37.7%) respectively. Among genotypes 121 genotypes, none was found immune or resistant, 49 genotypes found to be moderately resistant (10.1-20% severity), 61 genotypes found to be moderately susceptible (21.-50% severity) and 20 genotypes found to be susceptible (50.1-70% severity), for angular leaf spot and 3 genotypes was found immune or resistant (1-10% severity), 32 genotypes found to be moderately resistant (10.1-20% severity), 85 genotypes found to be moderately susceptible (21.-50% severity) and None of genotypes found to be susceptible (50.1-70% severity) to cercospora leaf spot, disease severity index respectively. In the study it was investigated that significant variation observed in angular leaf spot and cercospora leaf spot disease resistance, growth, grain yield and yield components among the 121 genotypes evaluated at Bako.
Abstract: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop worldwide, comprising of both dry beans and snap (green) beans. The crop has significant economic importance both in income and food sources with high nutritional value in developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Despite the economic and food security importance of these crops,...
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Review Article
Effect of Mono Cropping on Soil Health and Fertility Management for Sustainable Agriculture Practices: A Review
Tegegn Belete,
Eshetu Yadete
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, December 2023
Pages:
192-197
Received:
19 October 2023
Accepted:
2 November 2023
Published:
30 November 2023
Abstract: Mono cropping is a common practice in agriculture, and usually causes serious economic losses due to soil degeneration, decreased crop yield and quality, and increased disease incidence, and pest occurance. It mainly due to changes in soil microbial communities, nutrient availability, and allelopathy effect. Recently, progressive studies have illustrated the mechanisms of mono cropping obstacles, and valid strategies to overcome them. Crop rotation and inter-cropping, choosing resistant cultivars, and biological management are only a few strategies for overcoming the drawbacks of mono cropping. Crop rotation is the most established and traditional agronomic technique for maintaining water and nutrient balance; avoiding disease; insect, pest, and weed control; and boosting crop production. Intercropping has been proven to increase yield and plant development, and it can help with serious issues, including small crop production, buildup of pests and diseases, soil deterioration, and environmental contamination. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that the major Benefits of intercropping include the reduction of pests and diseases, the improvement of the efficiency of soil resource use, and the improvement of soil nutrient absorption. Overall, a multi-pronged approach that incorporates soil amendments, crop rotation, and intercropping, along with a deeper understanding of plant–microbe relations and stress responses, may help us to overcome the obstacles associated with mono cropping. Therefore, Crop rotation, intercropping, and soil amendments to maintain soil fertility and promote healthy plant growth, so that they can develop sustainable cropping practices to minimize these effects. By improving soil health, farmers can maintain high crop yields and ensure the viable crop production.
Abstract: Mono cropping is a common practice in agriculture, and usually causes serious economic losses due to soil degeneration, decreased crop yield and quality, and increased disease incidence, and pest occurance. It mainly due to changes in soil microbial communities, nutrient availability, and allelopathy effect. Recently, progressive studies have illus...
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Research Article
Pre-Scaling Up of Irish Potato (Solanumtuberosum) Technology in Bule Hora District of West Guji Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia
Feyissa Desiso*,
Ahmed Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, December 2023
Pages:
198-201
Received:
7 November 2023
Accepted:
28 November 2023
Published:
8 December 2023
Abstract: Potato is considered to be an important tuber crops in Ethiopia and plays a crucial role in improving the livelihood of smallholder potato producers. The research activity was conducted for two consecutive years (2012/13 to 2014/15) main cropping season in the Bule Hora district of West Guji Zone with the objective of improving farmers’ income, developing local capacity for future scaling up of potato technology and strengthening linkage among relevant stakeholders in the study area. For this research activity, a total of forty (40) farmers in the district were selected and participated in the implementation of the pre-scaling up of the technology. Training was given to the selected farmers on the production and productivity of Irish potato. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Quantitative data like income and yield data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative was analyzed through narration. The result of the study revealed that the yield performance of pre-scaled up Gudane Irish potato was 38.75 and 40.25 and 43.65 and 43.38 qt/ha for 2012/13and 2014/15 cropping seasons at Garba and Hera Liphitu kebeles respectively. Moreover, during the field day, Gudane potato variety was found to be outstanding and promising in terms of yield and appreciated by the participated farmers. Therefore, the study recommends that all the concerned bodies should scale up Gudane Irish potatoes varieties further in the Bule Hora districts in particular and with similar agro ecology in general to improve potato production and productivity of small scale potato producers.
Abstract: Potato is considered to be an important tuber crops in Ethiopia and plays a crucial role in improving the livelihood of smallholder potato producers. The research activity was conducted for two consecutive years (2012/13 to 2014/15) main cropping season in the Bule Hora district of West Guji Zone with the objective of improving farmers’ income, dev...
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Research Article
Performance Evaluation and Trait Association of Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes at Assosa District, Western Ethiopia
Adisie Dinberu*,
Megersa Mengesha
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, December 2023
Pages:
202-206
Received:
8 November 2023
Accepted:
1 December 2023
Published:
14 December 2023
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.), one of the most significant and important strategic food crops among cereals, ranks second in productivity but first in production area in Ethiopia. The average yield of the nation and region has grown over time, and hybrid maize varieties have played a significant role. The study's goals are to find high-yielding improved hybrid maize varieties and ascertain the relationship between agronomic traits and grain yield, both directly and indirectly. In the Assosa region of western Ethiopia, thirteen genotypes of maize and two standard checks were assessed in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2021 main season. Significant differences (p≤ 0.01) were found between genotypes for the majority of tested traits, according to analysis of variance. According to these, there was enough genetic variability for the traits under test. Grain yield and yield advantage over the standard check were highest for maize genotypes-13, 10, and genotye-12. The number of ear, days to maturity, number of ears, and number of plants per plot were all found to positively and significantly correlate with grain yield. Days to anthesis and days to siliking showed a negative significant correlation with yield. Selection for maximum number of ear, plant and late maturity day’s parallel could result yield improvement in maize. Genotype-13 (8.49 t ha-1), genotype-10 (8.01 t ha-1) and genotype-12 (7.97 t ha-1) had the uppermost grain yields and could be used in future crop maize improvement creativities.
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.), one of the most significant and important strategic food crops among cereals, ranks second in productivity but first in production area in Ethiopia. The average yield of the nation and region has grown over time, and hybrid maize varieties have played a significant role. The study's goals are to find high-yielding improved hybr...
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Research Article
Resistance of Local Eggplant Accessions to Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solenacerum in Burkina Faso
Traoré Oumarou*,
Kaboré Boukaré,
Ouédraogo Abdou Rasmane,
Zoré Awa,
Boro Fousseni,
Wonni Issa,
Somda Irénée
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, December 2023
Pages:
207-211
Received:
17 November 2023
Accepted:
4 December 2023
Published:
14 December 2023
Abstract: Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum E. F. Smith is one of the phytobacterioses associated with nightshade. It is a market garden crop which is taken into account in the market garden crop development program by INERA breeders. It is appropriate to evaluate the behavior of agronomically important accessions with respect to bacterial wilt in Burkina Faso to guide the producers’choice. Indeed, five (05) accessions of Gboma (Solanum macrocarpon L.) from the INERA Farako-Bâ vegetable seed collection were evaluated under semi-controlled conditions on the experimental site of the INERA Farako-Bâ bacteriology laboratory. The vegetative development of plants, the susceptibility of accessions to disease, and the number of fruits were evaluated in a completely randomized design with ten (10) repetitions by accession. At the end of this study, the best agronomic performances were recorded with GBLS13; GBRT6; GBBD4. The average disease index rate obtained in each pot is higher than the potential threshold for the disease manifestation (more than 80%). The lowest rates were recorded with the GBL19 and GBBD4 accessions. All accessions tested were found to be susceptible to bacterial wilt. The recorded accessions have a low incidence rate (GBBL19 and GBBD4 from Sissili) gave more fruits compared to the others. Due to the importance of cultivation, it is appropriate to test a wide range of Gboma accessions availability in Burkina Faso.
Abstract: Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum E. F. Smith is one of the phytobacterioses associated with nightshade. It is a market garden crop which is taken into account in the market garden crop development program by INERA breeders. It is appropriate to evaluate the behavior of agronomically important accessions with respect to bacterial wilt...
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Research Article
Studies on Collection Breeding and Application of Curcuma Plants Resources in China
Xiong Binghong*,
Li Xiancai,
Zhao Liyun,
Xu Zhifang,
Qiu Shengxiang,
Xian Zhuojun
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, December 2023
Pages:
212-216
Received:
17 November 2023
Accepted:
6 December 2023
Published:
22 December 2023
Abstract: The Zingiberaceae family has a rich variety of plant species, diverse forms and colors, and is an important resource for cultivating new varieties. Curcuma is an important genus of plants in the Zingiberaceae family, with over 50 species worldwide, mainly distributed in southeastern Asia. The application value of Curcuma plant resources has always been a focus of attention for domestic experts and scholars. However, so far, there has been no systematic introduction and research on the introduction, breeding, and application of turmeric plant resources. Based on the analysis of the distribution of the germplasm resources of the genus Curcuma, this paper reports that since the 1970s, the South China Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has introduced and carried out the collection and related research of the resources of the genus Curcuma. A total of 28 species of Curcuma were collected in China, and all of them were planted in the South China Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Abstract: The Zingiberaceae family has a rich variety of plant species, diverse forms and colors, and is an important resource for cultivating new varieties. Curcuma is an important genus of plants in the Zingiberaceae family, with over 50 species worldwide, mainly distributed in southeastern Asia. The application value of Curcuma plant resources has always ...
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