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The Groundnut Rosette Disease at a Glance: Basics, Management and the Future
Mwololo James,
Okori Patrick,
Munthali Wills,
Odong Thomas
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2023
Pages:
150-154
Received:
23 July 2023
Accepted:
14 August 2023
Published:
27 September 2023
Abstract: Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an allotetraploid derived from hybridization of the ancestors Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis), followed by spontaneous chromosome doubling. The crop is predominately grown under low-input production system with an average yield ranging between 700 to 900 Kgha-1. Yields are low, and several biotic and abiotic factors, constraint the production. The groundnut rosette disease, caused by synergistic interaction of three viral components, is considered to be the most devastating where it is grown in Africa. The disease is spread by aphid in a persistent manner. The use of aphid and virus resistant cultivars is the most economical means to control the disease. Few reports on DNA markers linked to GRD resistance are available and effort is needed to identify more DNA markers to assist future breeding programmes. Understanding the host-vector-disease interaction at the molecular level would form a stronger basis to breed for resistance while adapting modern technologies. Efforts to identify resistant sources, development of resistant cultivars and identification of DNA marker linked to resistance has been underway and substantial progress made though not fully. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to contribute towards understanding the dynamics of the disease in different countries within SSA so as to resolve the underlying causes of the epidemic.
Abstract: Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an allotetraploid derived from hybridization of the ancestors Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis), followed by spontaneous chromosome doubling. The crop is predominately grown under low-input production system with an average yield ranging between 700 to 900 Kgha-1. Yields are low, and several biotic and abiot...
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Participatory Varietal Selection Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Meonch) for Mid-Land Areas of East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia
Zeleke Legesse,
Jifara Gudeta,
Fikadu Tadesse,
Alemayehu Biri,
Hussein Abro,
Birhanu Diribsa
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2023
Pages:
155-159
Received:
14 August 2023
Accepted:
30 August 2023
Published:
9 October 2023
Abstract: Participatory varietal selection (PVS), which was used on sorghum in the East Hararghe, Ethiopia, has demonstrated success in identifying a greater number of farmer-preferred varieties in less time. The study's goals were to assess and choose improved sorghum varieties based on agronomic, yield, and yield parameter performance as well as farmer preferences. Eleven (11) Sorghum varieties including one local check were evaluated in RCBD with three replications at Meta and Kurfa Chale districts of East Hararghe zone in 2018, 2019 and 2020 main cropping season. According to their preferences and selection criteria, such as early maturity, bird damage, plant biomass, grain color and size, disease resistance, head size, and predicted yield, farmers were asked to rank the first five improved varieties out of 10 and one local varieties. Farmers thus favored the sorghum cultivars Adele, Dibaba, Gemedi, Chiro, Dano, and local check respectively. Days to flowering, Days to maturity, plant height, grain yield, and disease score were all recorded. The combined analysis' findings showed that the examined types differed significantly in all of the attributes. Therefore, Adele (42.74 Qt ha-1) produced the maximum yield, followed by Dibaba (40.45 Qt ha-1), Gemedi (40.09 Qt ha-1), and Dano (35.62 Qt ha-1), whereas Muyra-2 (30.36 Qt ha-1), and Jiru (31.55 Qt ha-1), respectively, produced the lowest yields. The results also revealed that farmers’ preferences in most cases coincide with the researchers’ selection. Based on the result of analyzed data and the farmers’ preference, the first three sorghum varieties namely; Adele, Dibaba and Gemedi were recommended for the farmers of the study area and similar agro-ecologies of East Hararghe mid altitude and similar agro-ecologies. Therefore, the selected varieties would be multiplied and distributed to the farmers in order to improve adoption and varietal diversity.
Abstract: Participatory varietal selection (PVS), which was used on sorghum in the East Hararghe, Ethiopia, has demonstrated success in identifying a greater number of farmer-preferred varieties in less time. The study's goals were to assess and choose improved sorghum varieties based on agronomic, yield, and yield parameter performance as well as farmer pre...
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Research Article
Intra Row Spacing Effect on Growth and Yield Performance of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Wolkite University, Gurage Zone, Central Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2023
Pages:
160-163
Received:
28 August 2023
Accepted:
19 September 2023
Published:
9 October 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20231105.13
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Abstract: Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops produced in Ethiopia including Gurage zone. Use of appropriate plant spacing’s is a major agronomic practice to improve the productivity and quality of garlic. However, farmers are producing the crop without appropriate plant spacing; due to this the productivity of the crop in the zone is far below its potential including other factors. Cognizant of this, the present experiment was initiated and conducted with the objective of determining the ideal intra row spacing for growth and yield component of garlic, a field experiment was carried out at the experimental site of Wolkite University, located at Cheha district, Gurage zone of South Nation and Nationality of People Region, throughout the entire 2019 growing season using supplemental irrigation. The experiment used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments of 6cm, 8cm, 10cm, and 12cm between plants, and three replications. Garlic plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf number, and fresh and dry biomass yield were all examined attributes, and the analysis of variance revealed that intra row spacing significantly affected all of the tested parameters. Maximum plant height (48.91cm) and leaf length (43.75cm) were recorded from 30cm by 6cm plant spacing, while maximum leaf width (10.6cm), leaf number per plant (10.53), fresh yield biomass (166.74g), and dry biomass (38.59g) were obtained from 30cm by 12cm plant spacing. The wider the plant spacing the higher were the leaf number, leaf width, and fresh and dry biomass yield but plant height and leaf length were decreased. Therefore, based on these results mostly bulb a yield of garlic was positively correlated with the better performance of the parameters were the plant spacing became increased, hence it can suggest bulb yield of garlic increased were the spacing between plants were increased. The results of this experiment should be confirmed by a similar investigation that includes yield components in the study area.
Abstract: Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops produced in Ethiopia including Gurage zone. Use of appropriate plant spacing’s is a major agronomic practice to improve the productivity and quality of garlic. However, farmers are producing the crop without appropriate plant spacing; due to this the productivity of the crop in...
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Review on Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Genetic Diversity Studies Using Molecular Markers
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2023
Pages:
164-170
Received:
31 August 2023
Accepted:
22 September 2023
Published:
9 October 2023
Abstract: Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is one of the most consumed beverages in the world and is the second largest traded commodity after petroleum. It greatly contributes to the economy of many developing countries in South and Central America, Asia, and Africa. Currently, many countries are producing and supplying coffee to the world market and there is a high competition among producers to meet the demand both in quantity and quality. Hence, it is vital to improve the current productivity as well as the quality of coffee for each producing country. In this regard, variability study is a pre-requisite for improvement of any crop and knowledge of the genetic variability among genotypes is important for the transfer of useful genes and to maximize the use of available germplasm resources. Hence, genetic diversity analysis in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) has paramount importance in continuously developing coffee varieties through hybridization and selection. Morphological markers allow the assessment of genetic variability based on individual phenotypic differences yet there are limitations associated with these markers. These limitations led to the development of molecular markers. Molecular marker techniques are based on naturally occurring polymorphisms in DNA sequences. Studies, which have been conducted to assess the level of genetic diversity of Coffee arabica L. using different DNA markers (RAPD, AFLP, ISSR, and SSR), demonstrated that all DNA marker techniques could be applied for measuring the degree of variability within, and between wild and cultivated coffee populations. Despite all the four DNA markers are efficient in coffee genetic diversity analysis, all have their own disadvantages. However, the previous studies showed that the polymorphism observed in coffee Arabica is generally low as compared to other diploid coffee species and this is probably the result of a narrow genetic basis of the cultivated coffee (Coffea arabica L.) as well as the mating system of the crop. Hence, it is recommended to use the observed variability for the coffee breeding program to improve the yield and quality of coffee.
Abstract: Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is one of the most consumed beverages in the world and is the second largest traded commodity after petroleum. It greatly contributes to the economy of many developing countries in South and Central America, Asia, and Africa. Currently, many countries are producing and supplying coffee to the world market and there is a h...
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