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1H NMR Metabolic Fingerprints of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes Produced in the Jinsha River and Lancan River Valleys in the Shangeri-La Region, South China
Chunhe Jiang,
Kexu Cui,
Yue Zhao,
Qingyan Sun,
Zhiqiang Yu,
Yifang Zhu,
Ruzhi Mao
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
234-244
Received:
5 July 2021
Accepted:
3 September 2021
Published:
23 September 2021
Abstract: Grape berries metabolites determine wine grape and wine quality. The aim of this work was to determine the metabolite profiles of fruit of mature berries of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ of grapes in relation to their growing conditions in high alititude Shangeri-La wine-growing region. Last decade, Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) used to quantify in a single analysis many different compounds in berry extracts. Grape berries were harvested in 2013 on grapevines cultivated in Jinsha River and Lancan River of Shangeri-La, China. After an ethanolic-water extraction, the1H NMR spectra of water-soluble extracts of fruit berriers were run in 15 minutes. Bayesil was development a web system that automatically identifies and quantifies. Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis of berries spectra significantly discriminated mature berries from Jinsha River and Lancan River. 1H NMR spectra of berriers were less discriminanting. OPLS-DA showed significant grapevines cultivated in Jinsha River and Lancan River of Shangeri-La, contributing to the discrimination, were attributed to animo acid, organic acid, alcohol, sugar, Ester. In conclusion, 1H NMR analysis of berry extracts discriminates berries from different origins more efficiently than classical biochemical analyses based on sugar, acidity and Ester. alerting pathway of animo acid, organic acid pathway.
Abstract: Grape berries metabolites determine wine grape and wine quality. The aim of this work was to determine the metabolite profiles of fruit of mature berries of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ of grapes in relation to their growing conditions in high alititude Shangeri-La wine-growing region. Last decade, Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) used to quantif...
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Heterotic Groups, Gene Action and Heterosis Among Maize Inbred Lines Selected for the Major Agro-ecologies of Rwanda
Alphonse Nyombayire,
John Derera,
Julia Sibiya,
Claver Ngaboyisonga
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
245-252
Received:
20 July 2021
Accepted:
6 August 2021
Published:
26 September 2021
Abstract: Maize breeding programmes exploit inbred lines with superior combining ability for grain yield and other agronomic traits to create competitive hybrids. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine heterotic groups of locally developed maize inbred lines, their heterotic relationships, with exotic testers as well as the gene action controlling grain yield. Nineteen maize inbred lines were crossed to four testers, based on a line x tester mating scheme resulting in 76 test crosses. These crosses were evaluated together with four checks in 10 x 8 α-lattice design across four locations in 2015B and 2016A seasons. Both additive and non-additive gene action were important for grain yield with preponderance of additive gene action. The most desirable GCA effects for grain yield were realized in inbred line 8 while the highest desirable SCA effects were displayed by the test cross 18xT1. Generally, most of the inbred lines exhibited positive heterosis with all testers. However, there was more aligning firstly towards tester T2 and then to T3. The highest heterosis was displayed by the combination of inbred line 8 with 3. Regardless of the heterotic grouping method applied, the inbred lines were discriminated into different heterotic groups; two and nine heterotic groups were identified based on standard heterosis and SCA effects; respectively. The information generated would be useful in optimizing the maize hybrid breeding programme in Rwanda and for other researchers for high yielding maize variety development.
Abstract: Maize breeding programmes exploit inbred lines with superior combining ability for grain yield and other agronomic traits to create competitive hybrids. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine heterotic groups of locally developed maize inbred lines, their heterotic relationships, with exotic testers as well as the gene action con...
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Improvement of Water Stress Tolerance of Tuberous Begonia (Begonia×tuberhybrida) by OsmiR393a Gene Transformation
Tongsu Ho,
Haksong Pak,
Sokjun Ri,
Kang Kim,
Namhyok Mun
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
253-261
Received:
14 August 2021
Accepted:
22 September 2021
Published:
29 September 2021
Abstract: The genus Begonia is greatly affected by abiotic stresses, which lead to losses in greenhouse production and flower longevity. Obtaining more-tolerant plants is a very important breeding goal in ornamentals. To achieve abiotic tolerant Begonia×tuberhybrida, OsmiR393a, a miRNA involved in the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses, was introduced using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Explants were cultured on modified MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BA, 0.5 mg/L IAA, and 5 mg/L hygromycin for transgenic selection and regeneration. Stable integration of the transgene was verified in putatively transformed plants by PCR screening. When fresh flower longevity was evaluated by the period from bloom to wilting of 3 petals, flower longevity of transgenic line was 8 d longer than control. Furthermore, 15 days after stress treatment, petals of control plants wilted, whereas transgenic lines remained. This results shows that expressing OsmiR393a could extend only flower longevity without affecting flower type under water stress in Begonia×tuberhybrida. In addition, the transgenic plants displayed lower transpiration rate, higher proline content and chlorophyll content when subjected to water stress. These results suggest OsmiR393a may improve water stress tolerance of Begonia×tuberhybrida by regulating different pathways in response to the stress conditions and miR393a is conservatized between monocotyledon and dicotyledon.
Abstract: The genus Begonia is greatly affected by abiotic stresses, which lead to losses in greenhouse production and flower longevity. Obtaining more-tolerant plants is a very important breeding goal in ornamentals. To achieve abiotic tolerant Begonia×tuberhybrida, OsmiR393a, a miRNA involved in the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses, was introduced u...
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Determination of Suitable Deficit Irrigation Stage in Potato Production
Shi Xiaohua,
Jia Liguo,
Yang Haiying,
Wu Lan,
Qin Yonglin,
Fan Mingshou
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
262-271
Received:
7 September 2021
Accepted:
26 September 2021
Published:
12 October 2021
Abstract: Water deficiency is the major limiting factor for potato yield promotion. Increasing tuber yield and decreasing consumption of water at the same time are a challenge in development of new potato cultivar. Deficit irrigation is regarded as one of the promising approaches to solve this problem, however no practical technique has been proposed in potato production as yet. By setting different deficient irrigation regimes and investigating potato growth and water use efficiency, we found that only application of deficit irrigation at the seedling stage could achieve the goal of increasing water use efficiency and maintaining marketable tuber yield at the same time. Almost half of the normal full irrigation doubled promotion effects on water efficiency and yield, especially the marketable tuber yield. This may be mainly attributed to establishment of a strong root system, including longer root length and larger root surface area under water deficit at the seedling stage. Based on such a root system at the early development stage, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation were optimized at the later developmental stages. Thus, maintaining water deficit at the seedling stage with enough water supplied at the tuber initiation and bulking stages should be practiced in potato production in water limited areas.
Abstract: Water deficiency is the major limiting factor for potato yield promotion. Increasing tuber yield and decreasing consumption of water at the same time are a challenge in development of new potato cultivar. Deficit irrigation is regarded as one of the promising approaches to solve this problem, however no practical technique has been proposed in pota...
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Research Progress on Carnation Etched Ring Virus
Wang Jiaying,
Cui Junxia,
Zhao Xiuling,
Zhang Jihong,
Chen Xianfeng
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
272-275
Received:
24 August 2021
Accepted:
14 September 2021
Published:
16 October 2021
Abstract: Carnation (Dianthus caryophylinus) is one of the most popular ornamental flowers worldwide. Carnation etched ring virus (CERV), belonging to the Caulimovirus genus, is the second most significant virus on carnation crops around the world. CERV particles are isometric, with a diameter of 47 nm, which contains one double-stranded, circular DNA at the length of about 7932 kbp as genome. CERV causes necrotic flecks, rings and line patterns on carnation leaves. Infected carnations reduce the number of lateral shoots and flowers. Flower quality is also affected and flower production can be delayed by up to one week. CERV is transmitted from infected to healthy plants by Myzus persice in a semi-persistent manner. In addition, vegetative propagation, changed cultural practices, international trade, and movement of planting material to newer areas may lead to virus spread and disease outbreaks. To identify CERV, multiple methods are available including biological (inoculation onto indicator hosts), serological (ELISA), and molecular (real-time PCR) ones. In order to eliminate CERV, virus-free stocks has been applied and protected from possible re-infection. Chemical treatment as sixty seconds with commercial bleach at 7% (v/v) or NaOH at 0.5% (w/v) in a systemic Saponaria vaccaria bioassay has been proved to serve best in inactivating CERV. Widespread dissemination of this virus may be a result of international trade in carnation crops before CERV had been well inspected. This paper sheds light upon recent research progress on CERV in hope of taking this virus under control.
Abstract: Carnation (Dianthus caryophylinus) is one of the most popular ornamental flowers worldwide. Carnation etched ring virus (CERV), belonging to the Caulimovirus genus, is the second most significant virus on carnation crops around the world. CERV particles are isometric, with a diameter of 47 nm, which contains one double-stranded, circular DNA at the...
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