-
Trend Analysis on Maternal Health Care Services Utilization in Amhara Region Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia
Genanew Timerga,
Solomon Hailemeskel
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, May 2018
Pages:
81-89
Received:
1 March 2018
Accepted:
19 March 2018
Published:
19 April 2018
Abstract: According to World Health Organization (WHO) repot complications arising during pregnancy death accounts 580,000 women of reproductive age each year, and a high proportion of these deaths contributed in sub-Saharan Africa. Impediments to the effective delivery care, ANC and PNC include geographical, financial and cultural barriers. The objectives of this study were to assess the current status of maternal health care services, compared to previous data factors that influence the utilization of these services, and to investigate trend analysis of improvement of utilization of maternal health care services in Amhara region, Ethiopia. Institution based cross sectional study design was conducted in Amhara region referral hospitals from January 2016 to December 2016. Maternal health care service providers in the respective health facilities collected primary and secondary data using structured and semi structured questionnaire. Odds Ratios, Bivariate and Multivariate logistic regression were used to identify predictor variables associated with the dependent variables. A total of 415 primary data and different samples in different year for secondary data were completed and making utilization of Antenatal Care (ANC), Delivery Care (DC) and Postnatal Care (PNC) services in 2000 to 2016 was found to be the children birth order of 1 mothers (primipara) (21.8%, 18.2%, 15.5% and 65.8%), (18.4%, 18.4%, 15.5% and 50.1%) and (31.7%, 33.4%, 14.4% and 54.9%) with respective years. Women residing in urban areas were 1.5, 1.7, 1.2 and 1.5 times more likely than women in rural areas to receive ANC from a health professional in respective years. Almost all predicted response CI out of covering 1 implies that there was an effect of the factor under consideration. Birth order (gravidity), residence, mothers’ education and wealth index in explaining the utilization of maternal health care services confirmed both bivariate and multivariate analyses significant effect in every year.
Abstract: According to World Health Organization (WHO) repot complications arising during pregnancy death accounts 580,000 women of reproductive age each year, and a high proportion of these deaths contributed in sub-Saharan Africa. Impediments to the effective delivery care, ANC and PNC include geographical, financial and cultural barriers. The objectives o...
Show More
-
Research Article
Junk Food Consumption and Its Association with Body Mass Index Among School Adolescents
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, May 2018
Pages:
90-93
Received:
16 March 2018
Accepted:
3 April 2018
Published:
9 May 2018
Abstract: Healthy and nutritious food are being replaced by new commercial food items called Junk Food. These food item are with high calories but with low nutritive values. Excess consumption of junk food is associated with several nutritional problems ranging from underweight to obesity and various Non-communicable diseases. The study was conducted to assess the general junk food consumption habits, pattern and its association with Body Mass Index among adolescents. A descriptive cross sectional design was adopted to collect data among 311 adolescents studying in grade 8 & 9 of selected private school at, Parsa, Nepal using a pretested structured self-administered questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS 16 version. The result of the study revealed that age range of adolescents was 12-17 years. 37% of the adolescents were in the age group of 15 years. The BMI value was 18.81±2.35 whereas majority 50.5% of the adolescents was having BMI less than normal and were considered underweight. The time of junk food consumption is significantly associated with BMI with (p value 0.02) and amount of money spend on junk food is also associated with BMI with (p value 0.006). Junk food consumption is significantly associated with low BMI among adolescents. Only a limited numbers of adolescents have understood that excess consumption of junk food has negative effects on general health. This study may contribute to provide awareness regarding the consequences of junk food consumption along with setting limits over junk food by parents and teachers to promote healthy dietary habits among adolescents.
Abstract: Healthy and nutritious food are being replaced by new commercial food items called Junk Food. These food item are with high calories but with low nutritive values. Excess consumption of junk food is associated with several nutritional problems ranging from underweight to obesity and various Non-communicable diseases. The study was conducted to asse...
Show More
-
Thiamine and Quinine Differently Inhibit the Early Phase of Acetylcholine-Dependent Contraction of Mouse Ileum in vitro
Atsuko Yamashita,
Nana Shimamoto,
Kyoko Morita,
Hasumi Sugiyama,
Mari Kimoto,
Kazuo Toda,
Masato Ota
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, May 2018
Pages:
94-99
Received:
7 April 2018
Accepted:
27 April 2018
Published:
18 May 2018
Abstract: Thiamine and quinine are popular bitter substances and their physiological effects have been studied; however, their impact on digestion remains unknown. Here, the physiological effects of thiamine and quinine was investigated for in vitro contraction of mouse ileum. Acetylcholine stimulates autonomous contraction of mouse ileum in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of Acetylcholine for contraction of ileum was partly suppressed by the adrenaline administration. Upon simultaneous treatment of the ileum by acetylcholine, thiamine, and quinine decreased the maximum contraction. The period till half maximum contraction was prolonged by the presence of thiamine and quinine but not by adrenaline. Because a physiological effect of thiamine and quinine was observed on acetylcholine-induced contraction of the ileum, the repertoire of human bitter taste receptors, TAS2R-1, -4, -7, -10, -14, -31, -39, -40, -43, and -46, were investigated to which thiamine and quinine may bind. These human bitter taste receptors were further analyzed among the database for mouse homologs using evolutionally conserved amino acid sequences. The only bitter receptor for both thiamine and quinine was TAS2R-39, the homology of TAS2R-139 to human TAS2R-39 was 74%. Importantly, the homology of mouse TAS2R-119 to human TAS2R-1 which interact with thiamine was 91%, and that of TAS2R-130 to human TAS2R-7 that interact with quinine was 81%. The present study indicated that thiamine and quinine changed the early phase of contraction of ileum in mice and suggested that TAS2R119 and TAS2R130 expressed in mouse enteroendocrine cells to modify the physiological effects of thiamine and quinine on the acetylcholine-induced contraction of the ileum.
Abstract: Thiamine and quinine are popular bitter substances and their physiological effects have been studied; however, their impact on digestion remains unknown. Here, the physiological effects of thiamine and quinine was investigated for in vitro contraction of mouse ileum. Acetylcholine stimulates autonomous contraction of mouse ileum in a dose-dependent...
Show More
-
Sensory Attributes of Three Edible Tropical Mushrooms and Their Use in Formulating Food Products for Children 2 -5 Years Old
Hagan Lynda Larmkie,
Johnson Paa-Nii Torgbor,
Obodai Mary,
Blay Adjei Maame Yaa,
Simons Christopher,
Dzomeku Matilda
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, May 2018
Pages:
100-109
Received:
5 April 2018
Accepted:
28 April 2018
Published:
25 May 2018
Abstract: Background: Mushrooms are important sources of proteins and vitamins, but have unique sensory properties in appearance, flavour and texture that can lead to polarized liking amongst consumers. Children between the ages of 2 to 5 years can be picky eaters and adding vegetables such as mushrooms into their diets can be a challenge. Objective: This study involved the development of mushroom-based food products acceptable to children within this age bracket through a stepwise approach. Materials and Methods: Sensory attributes of three tropical edible mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus (EMI), Pleurotus sajor-caju (PSCW) and Auricularia ssp. (ART), were characterized using quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), using 30 descriptors. The QDA revealed that all three mushrooms differ distinctly from each other in appearance, mouthfeel and aftertaste. The aroma and flavour profiles of EM1 and PSCW mushrooms were comparable. From the QDA, EMI and PSCW were selected and used to formulate six mushroom-based food prototypes; three of which included cereals and the other three had orange–flesh yellow potato flour as main components. The 6 prototype foods were then assessed by three sets of focus groups of caregivers and mothers on the suitability of using the mushrooms in the preparation of foods for children of the target age. Two mushroom-based food products, one with cereal blends and the other with 30% orange flesh yellow potato flour were further subjected to consumer-liking tests involving 83 children 2-5 years old. and this final test established the mushrooms can be incorporated into children’s diet. Conclusion: The study established two of the mushrooms could be used as flavourant; EMI mushroom suitable for fish or savory-flavoured products whilst the PSCW mushroom was preferred for nutty-flavoured products and these two when used in mushroom-based foods were highly acceptable to children 2 to 5 year old.
Abstract: Background: Mushrooms are important sources of proteins and vitamins, but have unique sensory properties in appearance, flavour and texture that can lead to polarized liking amongst consumers. Children between the ages of 2 to 5 years can be picky eaters and adding vegetables such as mushrooms into their diets can be a challenge. Objective: This st...
Show More
-
Effect of Germination on Nutritional Composition and Functional Propertiesof Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecumLinn) Seed Flour
Tamiru Kasaye Atlaw,
Jha Yogesh Kumar,
Neela Satheesh
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, May 2018
Pages:
110-115
Received:
16 April 2018
Accepted:
8 May 2018
Published:
5 June 2018
Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of germination on the chemical compositionand functional propertiesof fenugreek seed flour. Germinated fenugreek flour had higher crude protein 29.89% in fenugreek flour germinated for 72h followed by 29.36% in fenugreek flour germinated for 48h and 27.42% in raw fenugreek flour. The crude fiber ranged from 11.349 to 14.70%. But as the time of germination increased the crude fiber content slightly decreased. Fenugreek flour germinated for 48h proved to be more beneficial in most mineral content than the rest of the germination periods (p<0.05). Germinated fenugreek flour for 72 hrhad significantly lower contents of anti-nutritional factors. The phytate content decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 64.22 to 18.99 with 53.96% reduction. The study showed that fenugreek flour germinated for 72h proved to be the best for highest nutrient content. The reduction of bulk density further increased as germination time increased. The control fenugreek flour have higher amount of water absorption capacity (401.86%). On germination the WAC decreased to 250.07, 248.13, and 245.15% at 24, 48,72h germination, respectively. The processed fenugreek flour had a higher oil absorption capacity in the range of 346.13-398.40 ml/g, which was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of control flour.
Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of germination on the chemical compositionand functional propertiesof fenugreek seed flour. Germinated fenugreek flour had higher crude protein 29.89% in fenugreek flour germinated for 72h followed by 29.36% in fenugreek flour germinated for 48h and 27.42% in raw fenugreek flour. The crude fiber ranged from 11.349 to...
Show More
