-
Effect of Different Practice Schedules on Learning and Performance in Handball Task
Vahid Rouhollahi,
Mansoorehossadat Rozan,
Akhil Mehrotra
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
71-76
Received:
22 May 2014
Accepted:
13 June 2014
Published:
30 June 2014
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate different effects of various practice schedules in handball task. 30 participants have been divided into three equal practice groups randomly. Participants have performed a task under blocked, random and serial practice schedules and they were tested in acquisition phase conducted on five consecutive sessions with knowledge of results (KR). Delayed retention test and transfer test had been done on the next day without KR. On the basis of results of this study, there were not significant differences between various practice schedules in acquisition phase, retention and transfer tests. These findings were consistent with Magill and Hall (1990) hypothesis that the learning benefits of contextual interference are more likely to occur, when skill variations are from different classes of movement.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate different effects of various practice schedules in handball task. 30 participants have been divided into three equal practice groups randomly. Participants have performed a task under blocked, random and serial practice schedules and they were tested in acquisition phase conducted on five consecutive ses...
Show More
-
An Assessment of the Hydration Status of Recreational Endurance Athletes During Mountain Marathon Events
Elizabeth Mahon,
Allan Hackett,
Timothy Stott,
Keith George,
Ian Davies
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
77-86
Received:
4 July 2014
Accepted:
16 July 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
Abstract: Changes in hydration status have been shown to have deleterious effects on physiological functioning, physical performance, mental decision making, and subjective sensation of effort. This exploratory study assessed the hydration status of athletes taking part in mountain marathon events and the implications on performance, cognition and well-being markers. Twenty-nine male recreational athletes from the Original Mountain Marathon (OMM) and nineteen from the Longmynd Hike (LH) provided urine samples before, at mid-point (in the OMM) and after the events. Body mass; reaction time tests; and subjective ratings of well-being and effort were also collected/performed at these time points. Post-urine specific gravity (Usg) values [(OMM: 1.023 (range: 1.008 – 1.038) g/ml; LH: 1.024 (range: 1.014 – 1.035) g/ml] were significantly higher than pre-values [(OMM: 1.013 (range: 1.002 – 1.026) g/ml; LH: 1.013 (range: 1.002 – 1.026) g/ml] in both events (p < 0.01), but there was no significant change from mid- to post-event in the OMM (p > 0.05). There was no association between hydration status and overall performance in the LH, whilst change in Usg from pre- to mid-event was positively associated with performance in the OMM (r = .561, p = 0.004). Whilst no associations were observed between hydration status and reaction time, rate of perceived exertion and subjective ratings of nausea showed positive associations with Usg. These findings suggest that although changes in hydration status of this level may not significantly affect performance, they can impact on participant sensations of effort and well-being.
Abstract: Changes in hydration status have been shown to have deleterious effects on physiological functioning, physical performance, mental decision making, and subjective sensation of effort. This exploratory study assessed the hydration status of athletes taking part in mountain marathon events and the implications on performance, cognition and well-being...
Show More
-
Effects of a Single Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise Session on Lipid Peroxidation of Untrained Male Students
Mohammad Hossein Sepehri,
Masoud Nikbakht,
Abdolhamid Habibi,
Mustafa Moradi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
87-91
Received:
19 May 2014
Accepted:
7 June 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
Abstract: Introduction: The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a single bout of resistance exercise with low intensity of oxidative stress on male students who did not do any regular sports whatsoever. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 16 untrained subjects with a mean age of 24.40 ± 1.7 years, height 176 ± 6.83 cm, weight 69.89 ± 6.6 and BMI 22.89 ± 0.89 kg/ m2, were studied pre and post a low intensity resistance exercise. The exercise protocol involved Scott and leg stretching for the lower limbs and stretch underarm and chest press for the upper limbs. The subjects performed each exercise 3 times (one minute rest between sets). The low- intensity test was performed in 25-30% of one repetition maximum (25 to 30 reps). Malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index of lipid peroxidation was measured before exercise, immediately after and 6 and 24 h after exercise. Results: Our data were analyzed using one factor repeated measures. Our results revealed a significant increase in MDA in response to low intensity resistance exercise at pre and post exercise time points in untrained subjects (P<0.05). The peak increase was observed at immediately post-exercise time point (P<0.0001, F=98.36) and the measures returned to resting values 24 hours after the test. Conclusion: Overall, resistance exercise, even though low-intense one appears to increase resistance oxidative stress.
Abstract: Introduction: The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a single bout of resistance exercise with low intensity of oxidative stress on male students who did not do any regular sports whatsoever. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 16 untrained subjects with a mean age of 24.40 ± 1.7 years, height 176 ± 6.83 cm, weight 69.89 ± ...
Show More
-
Offensive Process Analysis in Handball: Identification of Game Actions that Differentiate Winning from Losing Teams
Willian R. Ferrari,
João Valente dos Santos,
Vasco Parreiral Simões Vaz
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
92-96
Received:
18 July 2014
Accepted:
29 July 2014
Published:
10 August 2014
Abstract: This present study aims to show the main offensive differences between handball teams that lead to a win or a loss. The samples were collected through quantitative analyses of the Champions League 2011-2012 handball games. This study relied on non-descriptive and non-parametric statistics. The Mann-Whitney U test was used as the statistical method. The variables that show the significant differences in favour of the winners were the goals obtained in positioned attacks, 9-meter goals and 7-meter penalties, which, in the semi-finals and final decided who the winner would be. This study shows that the teams who reached the finals and came out victorious have a wide and well-defined range of offensive actions enabling them to involve all aspects of the game, in any situation. This tendency was particularly visible in positioned attacks, which was the main difference throughout the competition.
Abstract: This present study aims to show the main offensive differences between handball teams that lead to a win or a loss. The samples were collected through quantitative analyses of the Champions League 2011-2012 handball games. This study relied on non-descriptive and non-parametric statistics. The Mann-Whitney U test was used as the statistical method....
Show More
-
The Effects of Dietary Nitrate (Beetroot Juice) Supplementation on Exercise Performance: A Review
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
97-110
Received:
15 July 2014
Accepted:
30 July 2014
Published:
10 August 2014
Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent vasodilator that increases blood flow and induces various intracellular actions such as increased mitochondrial and contractile efficiency. NO bioavailability may be increased by direct consumption of dietary nitrate and its sequential reduction to nitrite, a regulator of NO-induced hypoxic signaling. Dietary nitrate consumption reduces blood pressure, protects from ischemia-reperfusion injury, and improves endothelial dysfunction. Recently, the popularity of dietary nitrate as an ergogenic aid has been increased dramatically. Most exercise studies have administered dietary nitrate in the form of beetroot juice containing 5-8 mmol of nitrate and a few studies have used sodium and potassium nitrate (8-10 mg/kg). The most prominent and consistent effects of dietary nitrate supplementation is a reduction in the oxygen cost of exercise and an increase in exhaustion time at submaximal workloads. This effect was observed after either a single bolus (2-3 h prior to exercise) or a long-term (2-15 days) supplementation. The ergogenic effects of beetroot supplementation appear to be dose-dependent and are most often observed after long-term ingestion (approximately 6 days), at high exercise intensities and in less fit individuals. The ergogenic value of beetroot supplementation in endurance athletes is not clear; many studies have documented no improvements and a few studies an enhanced performance (0.4% to 3%) in time- and distance-trials. Clearly, more research is needed to document (i) the optimal dosage of beetroot ingestion for enhancing exercise performance in athletes, (ii) the effects of dietary nitrate consumption on training adaptations, (iii) the efficacy of beetroot supplementation in increasing exercise tolerance in individuals with chronic disease, and (iv) the safety of long-term beetroot consumption.
Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent vasodilator that increases blood flow and induces various intracellular actions such as increased mitochondrial and contractile efficiency. NO bioavailability may be increased by direct consumption of dietary nitrate and its sequential reduction to nitrite, a regulator of NO-induced hypoxic signaling. Dietary nitrate c...
Show More
