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A Review of the Incidence of Head Injuries in Football, Baseball, Ice Hockey, and Cycling
Joyce A. Shaw,
Brayden Nielsen
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
1-6
Received:
24 November 2018
Accepted:
14 December 2018
Published:
19 January 2019
Abstract: Head injuries in sports have merited greater attention from professionals, the media, and the general public in recent years. The purpose of this research was to conduct a review of articles that focus on the incidence of head injuries in football, baseball, ice hockey, and cycling. Twenty three studies were identified for inclusion because they contained quantitative data on the number or percentage of head injuries in those four sports. A table was created comparing the data by: sport, research design, level of play, and number of head injuries. Analysis of the data showed that the most studied sport was ice hockey, the most studied level of play was the professional level, and the most used study designs were case studies and emergency department surveillance. Some studies included implementation of prevention strategies to decrease the incidence of head injuries. The most common prevention strategies were rule changes and better equipment. Future studies will help determine the most successful prevention strategies that can be implemented in each sport to further reduce the incidence of head injury in sports.
Abstract: Head injuries in sports have merited greater attention from professionals, the media, and the general public in recent years. The purpose of this research was to conduct a review of articles that focus on the incidence of head injuries in football, baseball, ice hockey, and cycling. Twenty three studies were identified for inclusion because they co...
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Sport Tourism and Sustainable Local Development for Host Cities for Sporting Events
Mohammad Saeid Kiani,
Leila Nazari,
Leila Shahbazpour
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
7-10
Received:
21 December 2018
Accepted:
28 January 2019
Published:
21 February 2019
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine sport tourism and sustainable development for the host city. In the present study, in order to study sport tourism and sustainable development for the host city of sporting event, a review of the research conducted since 2009-2018 on sport tourism was used, the research methodology is a survey type based on the researcher's experiences and questions and answers from people specializing in event marketing and sports. The researcher has been looking at detailed statistics on the host of sports enthusiasts' welcome to the sporting events, and the extent to which the sport event has been sponsored by the event venue, and also expressed different ideas and ideas in order to increase the profitability of the event. Types of sports tourism users vary from sport to other sports and from event to event. In the field of policy-making for the event, it seems that there is a need for better coordination among sports organizations and organizations related to the tourism industry.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine sport tourism and sustainable development for the host city. In the present study, in order to study sport tourism and sustainable development for the host city of sporting event, a review of the research conducted since 2009-2018 on sport tourism was used, the research methodology is a survey type based on t...
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The Technology of Obtaining the Highest Possible Result in the Upcoming Match of Top-Level Basketball Teams
Andrey Polozov,
Arthur Akhmetzyanov
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
11-19
Received:
19 February 2019
Accepted:
26 March 2019
Published:
18 April 2019
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the necessary scenario of the upcoming basketball match, which allows to obtain the maximum possible value of the result based on the created technology of modeling PIRS (Polozov Information Rating System). The method of the PIRS can be summarized in the theses. The game consists of a sequence of single combats (game components) and the realization of the moment. The total number of components in basketball is> 50. The assessment is not focused on the single combats itself, but on its significance for the result. The difference in the score of the game of the team is obtained from these indicators for the players in each component of the game. The player level in the game component is reduced in proportion to the number of single combats. The placement of players is chosen so that the total number of single combats won by the team is maximum. For each minute of the match, the most effective combinations in the attack are determined. They consist of single combats with the greatest advantage of the players of their team. The authors collaborate with the Russian national team in futsal and basketball. A game from Euroleague Olympiakos - Anadolu Efes (87:78) is shown. The limit value of the result for Olympiakos is 107: 30. Subject to the implementation of 50% of the recommendations, the team will receive 20 - 30% wins in addition. The information array of basketball is too large. He cannot be effectively controlled by one trainer. Basketball resource is used by coaches of the top level by 66%. A higher level of results is unattainable for a coach. It requires coordinated interaction of a large group of players for a long period of time. You need to create your own game template for your next opponent and master it in training, rather than using one universal version of the game.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the necessary scenario of the upcoming basketball match, which allows to obtain the maximum possible value of the result based on the created technology of modeling PIRS (Polozov Information Rating System). The method of the PIRS can be summarized in the theses. The game consists of a sequence of single co...
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Effect of Running Environment and Slope Gradient on Lower Limb Muscle Activation
Theodoros Roussos,
Athanasia Smirniotou,
Anastasios Philippou,
Antonis Galanos,
Ioannis Triantafyllopoulos
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
20-25
Received:
23 February 2019
Accepted:
30 March 2019
Published:
18 April 2019
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess whether the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the lower limb muscles - rectus femoris, vastus medialis, bicep femoris and gastrocnemius - during running is affected by different running environments and varied slope gradients. Data collected from this study would be useful for specific training programs adopted from different style runners. Ten male recreational runners participated in the current study. Each of the ten participants, was assessed in two different running conditions, treadmill running and over-ground running, which was consisted of a 20m distance running at a velocity of 11±1km/h at each of the following slope gradients -8%, -4%, 0%, 4%, 8% - in a randomized order. Findings revealed that when over-ground running EMG activity of the lower limb muscles was 16.54% higher compared to treadmill running. Treadmill running is characterized by reduced metabolic cost, which is related to lower muscle activation requirements. Varied slope gradients found to affect muscle activation. During uphill running, lower limb muscle activation was significantly higher compared to level and downhill running, independently of running environment. However, running at negative slope gradients was associated with significantly greater muscle activation compared to level running, only on the treadmill condition.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess whether the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the lower limb muscles - rectus femoris, vastus medialis, bicep femoris and gastrocnemius - during running is affected by different running environments and varied slope gradients. Data collected from this study would be useful for specific training programs ado...
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Assessment of Random and Blocked Practice Schedules on Motor Skills’ Acquisition, Retention and Transfer Among Selected Senior High School Students
Srem-Sai Medina,
Hagan Jr John Elvis,
Jatong Ahmed Baba,
Schack Thomas
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
26-33
Received:
21 February 2019
Accepted:
2 April 2019
Published:
9 May 2019
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of blocked and random practice schedules on acquisition, retention and transfer after teaching basketball skills among novice Senior High School students. Using a quasi-experimental design, a combination of simple random and purposive sampling procedures were used to select 60 novice participants who were equally assigned to a Blocked Practice Group (BPG [N= 30]) and Random Practice Group (RPG [N= 30]) respectively. After 9 sessions of teaching and learning of chest pass, overhead pass and sidearm pass, results for skill acquisition indicated that the BPG scored higher means than the RPG in all the three motor skills. For retention, improved performance for the RPG than the BPG in all 3 skills was noted. Similar results were obtained for the transfer phase. ANOVA test for retention produced significant mean differences between the three motor skills. However, the RPG recorded more superior values for between group analyses than the BPG. Independent sample t-test also revealed significant difference between random and blocked practices in terms of overall learned skills. Based on these findings, Physical education tutors and perhaps coaches should consider adopting blocked practice approach during isolated skill learning. Additionally, random practice scheduling should be used when the main objective is based on retention and transfer of knowledge regarding motor skills, especially during competitive milieu or other analogous related activities.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of blocked and random practice schedules on acquisition, retention and transfer after teaching basketball skills among novice Senior High School students. Using a quasi-experimental design, a combination of simple random and purposive sampling procedures were used to select 60 novice participant...
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