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Characterization of Heart Rate Response During Frontside and Backside Wave Riding in an Artificial Wave Pool
Maya Saulino,
Natalie Skillern,
Mackenzie Elizabeth Warner,
Antonio Martinez,
Bruce Moore,
Jeff Andrew Nessler,
Sean Christian Newcomer
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
136-140
Received:
19 August 2019
Accepted:
21 September 2019
Published:
9 October 2019
Abstract: There are currently no published data describing the kinetics of the heart rate (HR) response during frontside and backside wave riding on a surfboard, or for wave riding bouts longer than 15 seconds. The purpose of this study was to characterize the HR response of surfers performing frontside and backside wave riding in an artificial wave pool that allowed surfers to ride waves for up to 60 seconds. It was hypothesized that HR response would differ between the two surfing orientations, because their levels of complexity are perceived to be different by surfers. Twenty male (n=17) and female (n=3) junior professional athletes (14.7 ± 1.2 years old) participated in this study. Following parental consent, participants completed a questionnaire and were instrumented with a HR monitor (Polar RCX5 Sports Watch), which recorded HR at 1-second intervals. Researchers initiated HR sampling prior to surfer participation in a one-hour surf session in an artificial wave pool (Kelly Slater Wave Co) and synchronized HR with video recordings of wave riding. Seven subjects that did not ride at least one frontside and backside wave were excluded from the analysis. The average duration of the wave ride was 33.2 ± 8.4 seconds. Average and peak HR while wave riding was 174.1 ± 12.6 and 184.9 ±13.0 bpm, respectively. There were no significant differences in HR response or wave riding duration between frontside and backside directions. These results provide insight into the cardiovascular requirements of wave riding in an artificial wave pool.
Abstract: There are currently no published data describing the kinetics of the heart rate (HR) response during frontside and backside wave riding on a surfboard, or for wave riding bouts longer than 15 seconds. The purpose of this study was to characterize the HR response of surfers performing frontside and backside wave riding in an artificial wave pool tha...
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Green Tea Consumption Lower Damage and Inflammatory Cytokines in Rat Cardiovascular System Under Androgenic Stimulation
Vivian Alves Pereira Silva,
Gilson Teles Boaventura,
Renato Souza Abboud,
José Antonio Silva Ribas,
Mauricio Alves Chagas
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
141-148
Received:
29 July 2019
Accepted:
27 September 2019
Published:
10 October 2019
Abstract: The abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids by youth and adolescents, athletes and non-athletes, is related to the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Contrastingly, green tea prevents and attenuates the cellular damage, improving the biochemical profile and reducing inflammation. This study aims to evaluate the benefits of consuming green tea to attenuate the inflammatory parameters and the cardiovascular damage, which are caused due to supraphysiological doses of testosterone, by analyzing the serological profile and the histoarchitecture of the heart and the arteries of 28 42-day-old male Wistar rats. Silicone pellets containing testosterone were surgically implanted and replaced every four weeks. After 20 weeks, all the male rats were anesthetized and their blood samples collected for serological analysis. Fragments of the aorta, left cardiac ventricle and penis were excised and processed to paraffin. To access morphometrical and stereological parameters, tissue fragments were stained and the images analyzed employing Image J software. The rats consuming green tea exhibited a reduction in aorta wall thickness (22%), luminal area (40%) and wall area (52%), with a lower number of elastic lamella. The dorsal artery of the penis presented with a higher wall area and lower luminal area in induced group compared to the other three groups. Tea consumption also led to a significant reduction in the left ventricle thickness with no increase in volumetric density of collagen fibers. Inflammatory cytokines were also shown to have increased in induced group, indicating cardiovascular risk due to their exposure to testosterone. Except for the endothelial vascular growth factor, this effect was not observed in the groups that consumed tea. It can be concluded that the consumption of green tea has a protective effect on the morphology of cardiovascular tissues and reduces inflammatory indicators, which points out this food as an agent capable of reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors related to high doses of anabolic androgenic steroids.
Abstract: The abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids by youth and adolescents, athletes and non-athletes, is related to the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Contrastingly, green tea prevents and attenuates the cellular damage, improving the biochemical profile and reducing inflammation. This study aims to evaluate the benefits of consuming green tea to ...
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The Effect of Maple Syrup Ingestion on Fat Oxidation During Incremental Exercise in Endurance Athletes
Satoshi Hattori,
Ayaka Noguchi,
Hitomi Ogata,
Masashi Kobayashi,
Naomi Omi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
149-154
Received:
28 September 2019
Accepted:
24 October 2019
Published:
30 October 2019
Abstract: Maple syrup (MAP) is derived from the inspissation of acer saccharum sap, and this main material is composed as a sucrose-like carbohydrate (CHO). This food substance has metabolic effects on mammalian cells and some animal models. We hypothesized MAP ingestion would enable athletes to carry out endurance exercise without inhibiting fat oxidation. Here we investigate the effect of MAP ingestion on fat oxidation during incremental exercise on a cycle ergometer in endurance athletes (n=10) who exercised after ingesting MAP or sucrose (SUC). We measured fat and CHO oxidation, blood glucose concentration, and blood lactate concentration of subjects during incremental exercise. Between MAP and SUC groups, average fat and CHO oxidation was significantly different (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Blood lactate concentrations in the MAP group were significantly lower than in the SUC group, -5, 0 min (p<0.05). In addition, blood glucose concentration in the SUC group at 24 min was significantly lower than at -5 min (p<0.05). Our results indicated that MAP ingestion promoted only slight fat oxidation and a slow increase in blood lactate concentration compared with sucrose ingestion.
Abstract: Maple syrup (MAP) is derived from the inspissation of acer saccharum sap, and this main material is composed as a sucrose-like carbohydrate (CHO). This food substance has metabolic effects on mammalian cells and some animal models. We hypothesized MAP ingestion would enable athletes to carry out endurance exercise without inhibiting fat oxidation. ...
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Comparative Study of Simple Choice Auditory Reaction Time of University Sports and Sedentary Female Students
Mohammad Nasim Reza,
Shaybal Chanda
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
155-158
Received:
19 September 2019
Accepted:
29 October 2019
Published:
5 November 2019
Abstract: Simple choice auditory reaction time plays a vital role in daily life including sports. The balanced reaction of both sides of the human helps in achieving the highest movement output. The purpose of the study is to compare simple reaction time between university sports and sedentary female students based on preferred and non-preferred hand. Subjects were selected from Jashore University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh. They were bachelor and master students and were between 19-26 years old. There were 20 students in each group of sports and sedentary female students. Data was collected using the AVR machine. An average of 5 trials was calculated as the time score in millisecond. The result shows that in simple choice auditory reaction time of hands between sports and sedentary female students in the preferred hand, sport female mean = 18.25 ms and SD = 2.07 ms and sedentary female students’ mean = 20.45 ms and SD = 1.67 ms with t(0.05)(38)= -3.695 and p = 0.001.On the other hand, in the non-preferred hand Sport female mean = 20.20 ms and SD = 1.80 ms, and Sedentary female mean = 21.70 ms and SD = 0.98 ms with t(0.05)(38) = -3.382 and p= 0.002. Moreover, in the simple choice auditory reaction time between the preferred and non-preferred hand of sports and sedentary female players’ preferred hand mean = 19.35 ms and SD = 2.167 ms, and non-preferred hand mean = 20.35 ms and SD = 1.616 ms, t(0.05)(39) = -5.639 and p= 0.00. So it is concluded that University sports female students are superior to sedentary female students in simple choice auditory reaction time in both the hands. Further, University female students’ preferred hand is faster in simple choice auditory reaction time than that of non-preferred hand.
Abstract: Simple choice auditory reaction time plays a vital role in daily life including sports. The balanced reaction of both sides of the human helps in achieving the highest movement output. The purpose of the study is to compare simple reaction time between university sports and sedentary female students based on preferred and non-preferred hand. Subjec...
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A Research on the Health Promoting Effect of Taijiquan
Zhao Fatian,
Li Lei,
Zhang Le
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
159-163
Received:
20 September 2019
Accepted:
31 October 2019
Published:
6 November 2019
Abstract: Health is an issue that every person should pay attention to. Chinese President Xi Jinping also emphasized in his speech that, staying health is a must in terms of becoming an all-round person, it is regarded as the foundation for economic and social development. Besides, it is also a crucial symbol for national and state prosperity, as well as a common pursuit of the masses. Through literature review and expert interview, this paper gives an in-depth explanation on the cultural connotation behind “practicing both inside and outside of the body, movement based on one’s own mind” in Taijiquan (Taijiquan, a kind of traditional Chinese slow movement). Besides, this paper also studies on Taijiquan’s movement which featured in slow and smooth, light and flexible, harmony and balance between dynamic and static, and its promoting effect on health. It is concluded that Taijiquan is effective in terms of supporting the general wellbeing of nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, immune system, digestive system and sports system. The effect is especially significant for forming healthy positive emotions, cultivating healthy personality and improving the ability of social adaptation.
Abstract: Health is an issue that every person should pay attention to. Chinese President Xi Jinping also emphasized in his speech that, staying health is a must in terms of becoming an all-round person, it is regarded as the foundation for economic and social development. Besides, it is also a crucial symbol for national and state prosperity, as well as a c...
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Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on Blood Pressure Post Resistance Exercise in Young and Healthy Women
Andrea Solera-Herrera,
Elizabeth Carpio-Rivera,
Julian Camilo Garzon-Mosquera,
Rodolfo Obando-Monge
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
164-170
Received:
1 October 2019
Accepted:
26 October 2019
Published:
6 November 2019
Abstract: To determine if the menstrual cycle phase (menstruation versus late follicular phase) influences in the response of blood pressure (BP) after the resistance training (RT), nineteen university students, young and healthy women (age: 18,6±1,47 years old; weight: 55,8±8,0 kg; height: 157,9±6,4 cm) participated in six RT sessions. Low intensity was for the first three sessions for the subjects to be familiarized with breathing, speed and exercise techniques. In the fourth session, one maximum repetition (1RM) was applied in each resistance exercise. Once this value was determined (RM), the participants applied the RT protocol by 60% intensity of 1RM, one session during menstruation and another one close to ovulation. The RT protocol included three repetitions per set in 10 exercises. Previous, immediately after and during 24-hours after the RT, the BP was monitored using the ambulatory BP to determine if the RT varied based on the menstrual cycle. The ANOVA demonstrated no significant differences in neither the systolic blood pressure (sBP), diastolic, nor media during 24-hour considering waking or sleeping periods, but the heart rate (HR) values were higher when participants were close to ovulation compared when they were in their period. The observation by hours after the RT demonstrated that: (1) no matter the menstrual cycle period, the systolic BP was higher while the diastolic was lower immediately after the RT, (2) at the beginning of the day; the BP values were lower during the late follicular phase. In conclusion, the hypotension post-RT was not affected by the menstrual cycle although the HR was higher during the late follicular phase.
Abstract: To determine if the menstrual cycle phase (menstruation versus late follicular phase) influences in the response of blood pressure (BP) after the resistance training (RT), nineteen university students, young and healthy women (age: 18,6±1,47 years old; weight: 55,8±8,0 kg; height: 157,9±6,4 cm) participated in six RT sessions. Low intensity was for...
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Tracking Phenomenon in Physical Development During Elementary School
Kohsuke Kasuya,
Katsunori Fujii
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
171-176
Received:
8 October 2019
Accepted:
8 November 2019
Published:
19 November 2019
Abstract: Ten-step assessments are generally used as means of assessing motor ability in school-age children. However, no method for assessing physical fitness and motor ability has been established that considers changes with age in young schoolchildren in the growth stage. In particular, no method has been constructed to evaluate physical longitudinal data for individuals. The purpose of this study was to establish a suitable method for evaluating this kind of physical longitudinal data, and examine motor ability tracking. Cohorts were established for physique and motor ability data published by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, and the wavelet interpolation model was applied to the mean values ± 0.5 SD and ± 1.5 SD from the first to the sixth grade of elementary school. A physical evaluation chart that included consideration of aging was then established. The longitudinal data for physique and motor ability from the first to sixth grade of elementary school were applied to this chart, and the physique and motor ability tracking status was analyzed. Physique was shown to track at high rates of greater than 95% for height and more than 70% of children for motor ability. This demonstrates that motor ability at the time of first grade in elementary school generally continues on the same course until the sixth grade. Given this tendency for evaluations of motor ability to follow the same trend line during the elementary school years, early educational attention may be necessary for children with poor motor ability.
Abstract: Ten-step assessments are generally used as means of assessing motor ability in school-age children. However, no method for assessing physical fitness and motor ability has been established that considers changes with age in young schoolchildren in the growth stage. In particular, no method has been constructed to evaluate physical longitudinal data...
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The Link Between Emotional and Psychological Distress with Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Andrew Lalchhuanawma,
Divya Sanghi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
177-181
Received:
4 November 2019
Accepted:
25 November 2019
Published:
2 December 2019
Abstract: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common soft tissue disorder estimated to affect more than three-fourths of the general American population at least once during their lifetime. In this day of age, depression is remarkably the leading cause of disability affecting the mind and the emotional state of health. Depression is a serious mental state affecting more than 300 million people worldwide. Depression is said to be associated with chronic myofascial pain due to its dual neuronal connection, both believed to have been influenced by serotonin and nor-epinephrine. As a result, treatment goals should not be directed on the emotional symptoms alone but emphasis should be laid on the physical symptoms as well. Primary healthcare providers should emphasize the intensity and extent of physical symptoms associated with soft tissue disorders. A depressive mood disorder is more often than not associated with physical pain, as is the case with a number of patients presenting at primary care. These patients seek treatment for physical symptoms alone, making depression even harder to diagnose. Depressive mood and physical pain are closely interlinked with each other. Medical intervention with antidepressants that act as both serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors in correcting chemical imbalances are indicated for alleviating physical symptoms in depressed individuals.
Abstract: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common soft tissue disorder estimated to affect more than three-fourths of the general American population at least once during their lifetime. In this day of age, depression is remarkably the leading cause of disability affecting the mind and the emotional state of health. Depression is a serious mental state af...
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Metabolic Syndrome Response to Different Physical – Exercise Protocols
Mariana Santoro Nakagaki,
Hugo Tadashi Kano,
Roberto Carlos Burini
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
182-192
Received:
9 November 2019
Accepted:
27 November 2019
Published:
4 December 2019
Abstract: Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a growing public health problem throughout the world and, making sense with the epigenetic causes of MetS, lifestyle change seems yet, more clinically effective than drugs. Additionally to dietary adequacy, increased physical activity (LiSM) is considered the cornerstone of recommendations for the treatment of MetS. Previously it was found that different types of physical exercises led to different responses in reducing adiposity, hypertension and hyperglycemia. Now we aim to investigate the specific effect of four different physical-exercise protocols on MetS in a defined short time intervention of 10 weeks. Methods: A sample of 302 individuals (55.5 ± 10.8 years) from both genders was taken among (2013-2016) participants of the dynamic cohort "Move for Health" LiSM program. They were evaluated at baseline and after 10 weeks of supervised intervention with protocols of hydrognastics (HYD, aerobic), High Intensity Interval Training (HIT), resistance training in gym (GYM) and mixed walking-gym (MIX, 30 min of walking 60-80% HRmax and resistance). All groups received the same basic LiSM dietary counseling. The evaluation instruments were: International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-long form-version 8); Healthy Eating Index (HEI), anthropometric, plasma biochemical analyses and physical fitness (flexibility, handgrip strength and treadmill cardiorespiratory capacity). MetS was diagnosed according to NCEP-ATP III (2005). The data were evaluated in continuous and categorized forms. Multiple comparison (moment versus protocol) was undertaken at the level of significance of 5%. Results: After 10-wk intervention, all protocols incremented the baseline fitness of VO2 max; flexibility (except in the HIT); muscle strength (only in GYM and MIX) and also, the level of physical activity in MIX. There was a 16.9% reduction in MetS, from 25.4% (HYD) to 12.7%(MIX), having HIT (21.5%) and GYM (16.2%), in between. Hyperglycemia (20.6%) and hypertension (15.9%) responded positively to all protocols, while the reduction of abdominal circumference discriminated the effectiveness of MIX and HYD in reducing MetS. Conclusion: At the same duration, prescribed protocols of HYD, HIT, GYM and MIX decreased MetS in different magnitude according to the MetS-component sensitivity to each protocol.
Abstract: Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a growing public health problem throughout the world and, making sense with the epigenetic causes of MetS, lifestyle change seems yet, more clinically effective than drugs. Additionally to dietary adequacy, increased physical activity (LiSM) is considered the cornerstone of recommendations for the tr...
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Influence of Isomaltulose Ingestion on Fat Oxidation During Inclemental Exercise in Endurance Athletes
Satoshi Hattori,
Ayaka Noguchi,
Katsumi Sasagawa,
Hitomi Ogata,
Masashi Kobayashi,
Naomi Omi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
193-198
Received:
15 November 2019
Accepted:
4 December 2019
Published:
12 December 2019
Abstract: Isomaltulose (ISO) is a carbohydrate (CHO) with metabolic properties that makes it slowly digested and less likely to raise postprandial blood glucose response. We considered that isomaltulose ingestion was difficult to inhibit fat oxidation during incremental exercise. Here we investigated the effect of isomaltulose ingestion on fat oxidation during incremental exercise on a cycle ergometer in endurance athletes (n=10) who performed an incremental exercise after ISO or sucrose (SUC) ingestion. We measured the fat and CHO oxidation, blood glucose concentration, and blood lactate concentration of the subjects during the incremental exercise. Between the ISO and SUC groups, the fat oxidation was significantly different at 3 min (p<0.05) and CHO oxidation was significantly different at 3, 6, and 12 min (p<0.05). The ISO group's blood glucose concentrations were significantly lower than those of the SUC group at −5, 3, 6, 9, and 12 min (p<0.05). Similarly, the ISO group's blood lactate concentrations were significantly lower than those of the SUC group at −5, 0, 3, 6, 9, and 18 min (p<0.05). These results indicate that isomaltulose ingestion causes only slight fat oxidation inhibition and a slow increase in blood lactate levels compared with sucrose ingestion by a gradual rise in the blood glucose level.
Abstract: Isomaltulose (ISO) is a carbohydrate (CHO) with metabolic properties that makes it slowly digested and less likely to raise postprandial blood glucose response. We considered that isomaltulose ingestion was difficult to inhibit fat oxidation during incremental exercise. Here we investigated the effect of isomaltulose ingestion on fat oxidation duri...
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Temporal Changes in Team Performance Indicators Which Differentiate Between Winning and Losing in Elite Gaelic Football
Declan Gamble,
Andrew Mc Carren,
Jonathan Bradley,
Niall Moyna
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
199-207
Received:
18 November 2019
Accepted:
7 December 2019
Published:
19 December 2019
Abstract: This study evaluated changes in performance indicators within winning and losing elite Gaelic football teams. Seven game statistics and 83 technical and tactical variables were measured during 24 games. Game statistics showed a significant decrease in ball in play time and increase in stoppage time between the first and second halves and between the first and fourth quarters. Significant differences between the first and second halves were evident in 10 variables (3 positive: 7 negative) in winning teams compared to 16 variables (4 positive: 12 negative) in losing teams. When the fourth quarter was compared to the first, significant differences were also found in 8 variables (negative) in winners and 23 variables (11 positive: 12 negative) in losers. Although certain technical and tactical variables improved in winners during halves and in losers during halves and quarters, when overall performance is evaluated across both match periods, decrements were more pronounced in both winners (15 vs. 3) and losers (24 vs. 15). Both winners and losers experienced significant reductions in the frequency of team possession in the fourth quarter. Losers also demonstrated significant declines in total time in both team and individual player possession from the first to the second half and in passing (hand and kick) profiles across both halves and quarters. There was a significant increase in the percentage of successful free kick passes by winners in the second half and an increase in successful free kick passes and kick outs in losers in the fourth quarter. Both winners and losers reported significant reductions in turnover variables across halves and quarters. Defensive efficiency declined significantly in winners across match periods, which coincided with the significant increase in attacking efficiency of losers in the second half and fourth quarter. The attacking frequency declined significantly in winners in the second half and the fourth quarter and attacks originating in defense were also significantly lower in both winners and losers in the second half. Although both positive and negative differences were observed in the temporal changes exhibited by winners and losers across the match periods examined, the findings demonstrate that winners did not experience the same extant of technical and tactical performance decrement as losers, which partly explains the match outcomes associated with these games. In conclusion, knowledge of these temporal changes can be used to inform current preparation practices to enhance technical and tactical components and optimize match performance strategies.
Abstract: This study evaluated changes in performance indicators within winning and losing elite Gaelic football teams. Seven game statistics and 83 technical and tactical variables were measured during 24 games. Game statistics showed a significant decrease in ball in play time and increase in stoppage time between the first and second halves and between th...
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