Landscaping of Residential Estates as a Mitigation Measure to Reduce Carbon Dioxide and Temperature Levels in Inner Ibadan City, Nigeria
Tejumola Adesoye,
Mynepalli Kameswara Chandra Sridhar,
Akinwale Oladotun Coker,
Mumuni Adejumo Mumuni Adejumo
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, October 2019
Pages:
93-102
Received:
18 June 2019
Accepted:
12 August 2019
Published:
29 September 2019
Abstract: This study assessed the spatial distribution of carbon dioxide emanation in selected residential estates and the impact of landscaping in reducing their levels in Ibadan metropolis. The study was carried out in high, medium and low commercial activity areas characterized by population density and traffic congestion within Ibadan city. CO2 concentrations and temperature were measured at 4 hourly interval from 9am to 5pm for a period of seven consecutive days while numbers of trees/plants (biomass density) were counted, at 21 different points from seven areas each with high, medium and low commercial activities. Measurements were carried out with the aid of calibrated portable gas meters. The means CO2 (ppm) were 542±95, 415±11 and 376±14 at 1.00 pm in the high, medium and low commercial activity areas respectively. CO2 concentrations were generally higher than IPCC value, but highest in the afternoon. Temperature values were generally higher in the afternoon in high and medium commercial activity areas, but lower in the low commercial activity zones. Significantly, density of trees in low commercial activity areas (234.3±6.7) was higher compared to those in medium (22.8±0.5) and high (24.2±0.7) activity areas respectively. An inverse correlation was observed between CO2 concentration and the density of trees (r=-0.456; p=0.038). The spatial distribution of CO2 concentration in relation to landscaping revealed that CO2 concentration reduces northward away from the urban core areas where there were fewer trees. The areas with low commercial activities had large numbers of trees while temperature and CO2 flux were lower in these areas. Temperature and density of trees contribute significantly in explaining the CO2 concentration (p=0.015). CO2 concentrations and temperature were high in high commercial activities areas in Ibadan metropolis, few or no trees were observed in those areas. Increase in density of trees could be attributed to decrease in the CO2 concentration. Hence, tree planting needs to be encouraged in the urban core of Ibadan metropolis to reduce air pollution.
Abstract: This study assessed the spatial distribution of carbon dioxide emanation in selected residential estates and the impact of landscaping in reducing their levels in Ibadan metropolis. The study was carried out in high, medium and low commercial activity areas characterized by population density and traffic congestion within Ibadan city. CO2 concentra...
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Heavy Metal Pollution Index of Surface Water and Groundwater Around Tongon Mine (Côte d’Ivoire)
Kagbagnan Kone,
Kouakou Adjoumani Rodrigue,
Konan Edmond Kouassi,
Kopoin Adouby
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, October 2019
Pages:
103-111
Received:
1 October 2019
Accepted:
28 October 2019
Published:
12 November 2019
Abstract: Water is a valued resource, which is increasingly being threatened by mining activity. Monitoring of surface water and groundwater quality around gold mine is essential in terms of heavy metals and toxic substances. The northern zone of Côte d’Ivoire where located Tongon is a highly mineralised zone, with extensive mining of gold. The quality of water resources in this region may be affected by the activity of the Tongon mine, which is the main gold mine in the region. The objectives of this study were to determine the concentration of heavy metals and the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) in surface water and groundwater around Tongon mine. The concentrations of As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Mn have been evaluated at 21 surface water and 16 groundwater sampling stations. The concentration of these metals were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for heavy metal pollution indexing. The concentrations of As, Pb, Cr, Cu and Mn in surface water were found to be above the highest desirable limit of WHO drinking water standard with mean concentrations of 5.761, 0.016, 0.178, 2.939, and 0.684 mg/L, respectively. Excepted As (2.95 mg/L) and Mn (0.67 mg/L), the metal concentrations in groundwater were well below the permissible limits of WHO drinking water standard. The Heavy Metal Pollution Index was used to evaluate surface water and groundwater quality. The results showed that, in the groundwater samples, HPI values (48.56-72.49) were less than 100, indicating a low-level heavy metal. Concerning surface water, HPI values of Poungbe River are well below the index limit of 100, which suggest that it is generally no contaminated with respect to these metals. The mining activity of Tongon is carried out while protecting water quality against heavy metals. The quality of water resources in the area must be regularly monitored to avoid any dramatic situation.
Abstract: Water is a valued resource, which is increasingly being threatened by mining activity. Monitoring of surface water and groundwater quality around gold mine is essential in terms of heavy metals and toxic substances. The northern zone of Côte d’Ivoire where located Tongon is a highly mineralised zone, with extensive mining of gold. The quality of wa...
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