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Soil Erosion Risk Assessment and Prioritization of Midhagdu Micro Watersheds for Conservation Measure Using RUSLE, GIS, RS and SPSS in Eastern, Ethiopia
Sultan Mohammed Heyder,
Abdurahman Ousman Dansa,
Solomon Asfaw,
Solomon Tekalign
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2022
Pages:
45-58
Received:
9 March 2022
Accepted:
21 April 2022
Published:
7 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijema.20221003.11
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Abstract: Soil erosion is being detected as a risk to human survival by diminishing the food and water availability of the planet Earth in the 21st century. Assessment and management of this resource are becoming extremely important. This study aimed to investigate Soil Erosion Risk and Prioritize for soil and water conservation measures in the study area. Satellite data, SRTM DEM, Land sat 8 OLI with 30m resolution; rainfall and soil data were used to generate all soil erosion risk factor maps and integrated to generate a composite map of soil loss for the watershed. The RUSLE model in combination with remote sensing and GIS techniques was used to identify the five thematic maps as an input to estimate mean annual soil loss. The results of the spatial distribution of soil erosion risk factors indicated that rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length and steepness, cover management, and anthropogenic soil erosion control practices values ranged from 41.365 to 43.793MJ mm ha−1yr−1, 0.26 to 0.31t ha−1MJ−1mm−1, 0 to 220.512, 0.21 to 0.87 and 0.11 to 1 respectively. And the most powerful factor that influences soil erosion risk is topography followed by anthropogenic soil erosion control practices. The results of the study showed that the annual soil loss rate in the watershed ranged from 0 in gentle slopes to 1504 t ha-1yr-1 at the steepest slope of the watershed with a mean annual soil loss of 48.5 t ha-1yr-1 at Midhagdu watershed level. The soil loss map was categorized into five soil loss numerical ranges and soil loss risk nominal scales: low, moderate, high, very high, and extremely high using Ethiopian highland maximum soil loss threshold level 18 t ha-1yr-1. The soil loss risk levels identified at 28 micro watersheds showed that twelve micro watersheds rated as first, eleven micro watersheds as second, and three micro watersheds as the third priority for soil and water conservation measures implementation. Out of 28 micro watersheds, 26 fell above Ethiopian highland maximum soil loss threshold levels. Therefore, the study result indicated that the Midhagdu watershed needs immediate intervention for better for soil and water conservation measures implementation planning by considering identified soil erosion risk areas and priority classes to control soil erosion risk below the national threshold level.
Abstract: Soil erosion is being detected as a risk to human survival by diminishing the food and water availability of the planet Earth in the 21st century. Assessment and management of this resource are becoming extremely important. This study aimed to investigate Soil Erosion Risk and Prioritize for soil and water conservation measures in the study area. S...
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Permanent Absolute Decoupling of Economic Growth from Resource Consumption in the EU-15, 1970-2019
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2022
Pages:
59-67
Received:
22 April 2022
Accepted:
14 May 2022
Published:
26 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijema.20221003.12
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Abstract: In its targets for sustainable development, the UN urges to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, stemming to a very large part from resource use and CO2-emissions. The EU implemented a number of political measures to foster such decoupling and also advocates the concept of “green growth”. In this study, we analyse the development of important consumption-based indicators of resource use (including domestic material consumption, raw iron and energy) for the EU-15 from 1970 to 2019. We show that they have all absolutely decoupled from economic growth (i.e. GDP) in the last 15-20 years. Unlike many studies before, we thus do find absolute, permanent decoupling of important resource uses in a prominent economic region of the world. In many cases, the development over the past 50 years actually follows an inverted U-shape. We also compare today’s per-capita-levels of resource use of EU-15 to the world average; we find that - despite the striking difference in industrial output and standard of living – they are actually quite similar, with the exception of energy use. Finally, we stress that, while our findings strongly support the feasibility of green growth, decoupling of CO2-emissions at a rate much faster than today remains of central importance to a sustainable economic development of the EU-15 countries.
Abstract: In its targets for sustainable development, the UN urges to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, stemming to a very large part from resource use and CO2-emissions. The EU implemented a number of political measures to foster such decoupling and also advocates the concept of “green growth”. In this study, we analyse the developmen...
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The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Climate
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2022
Pages:
68-78
Received:
16 April 2022
Accepted:
26 May 2022
Published:
8 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijema.20221003.13
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Abstract: The Earth is a dynamic planet, permanently influenced by societal and environmental interactions. On December 31, 2019, the outbreak of COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan, China. With the prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown measures were implemented in many cities. Some studies reported significant reductions in emissions from local transportation, industrial production, power generation, and a variety of other economic activities have improved air quality and visibility in many cities, and this improvement has been attributed to reduced activity. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on weather changes during the lockdown period. Numerous studies that have examined the relationship between climate change and restrictive measures have shown a significant reduction in ambient air pollutants in the urban environment. In general, the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, CO, NO2, O3, and SO2 were reduced while O3 concentration increased. Also, the land surface temperature level has decreased in some areas, which has been negligible and requires long-term follow-up. Although continued lockdown can temporarily improve air quality and reduce air temperature, it is not a solution to improve the air quality that kills millions annually, and appropriate policies should be adopted to improve the weather conditions.
Abstract: The Earth is a dynamic planet, permanently influenced by societal and environmental interactions. On December 31, 2019, the outbreak of COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan, China. With the prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown measures were implemented in many cities. Some studies reported significant reductions in emissions from local transport...
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Measuring Housing Affordability Through Residual Income Approach as a Parameter in Some Selected Houses Developed Within FCT, Abuja
Abdulrahman Siyaka Arudi,
Manga Mustapha Kyari,
Abdulkadir Aliyu
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2022
Pages:
79-84
Received:
3 May 2022
Accepted:
24 May 2022
Published:
14 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijema.20221003.14
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Abstract: This study aims to measure the affordability of houses provided by the organised housing developers in the FCT, Abuja, to know if it is affordable for low-income earners by taking into consideration certain variables that may have an effect on the affordability, which range from "household income, household expenditure, occupation, educational qualification, number of households with children, number of household heads working, and monthly house installment. The study uses quantitative research approaches. The study employed both primary and secondary data with the aid of questionnaires. A total of 330 low-income earners were selected in the FCT based on the proportion of the estimated household population using a systematic sampling technique. The information gathered was analysed using descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages, and binary logistic regression analysis. The findings revealed that 60.6% of the respondents among the low income earners earned somewhere between the range of ₦61,000 and ₦ 90,000. The finding of the level of affordability revealed that only 30.4% of the sampled respondents could afford the housing provided, compared to 69.6% who were not capable of affording it. The result revealed that among all the variables considered, the only educational qualification variable that has no effect on affordability among the low income earners in the FCT, Abuja. Therefore, the analysis has shown the loopholes in the current housing policy where the major target is to provide houses that are more affordable for every class of citizen, with a focus on low-income earners. In view of the findings and conclusions of this study, the following recommendations were made: The government needs a total overhaul of the current housing policy in order to create an enabling environment where the cost of housing can be reduced and income generation can be equally increased, so that low-income earners can conveniently afford the houses provided within the FCT, Abuja and other parts of the country at large.
Abstract: This study aims to measure the affordability of houses provided by the organised housing developers in the FCT, Abuja, to know if it is affordable for low-income earners by taking into consideration certain variables that may have an effect on the affordability, which range from "household income, household expenditure, occupation, educational qual...
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Water Smart Agriculture Practices: A Path Way to Agricultural Transformation - a Review
Eliyas Abdi Ali,
Mohammedjuhar Mussa Adame,
Bobe Bedadi
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2022
Pages:
85-95
Received:
13 May 2022
Accepted:
8 June 2022
Published:
27 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijema.20221003.15
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Abstract: In this paper, secondary data from review of literature were carried out on Google Scholar search and data were extracted from all selected studies and synthesized and empirical evidences from personal observations were presented so as to support findings from literature review. Since, higher productivity on farms, commercially orients farming, and strengthening the link between farming and other sectors of the economy is a process that leads to agricultural transformation in which agricultural openness, commercialization, product diversification as well as sector integration are key pillars. Weather it is rain-fed or irrigated agriculture, ensuring the right water at the right time for production and productivity of the agriculture sectors should be mandatory. The paper addresses the path way for agricultural transformation through Water Smart Agriculture perspective. Accordingly, Water Smart Agriculture are mainly focus on water resource use of all type, utilization efficiency and water productivity, functionality of scheme, harvesting status and practices of all type of water resource, governance and protecting, managing and controlling as well as rehabilitation of water ecological environment to get climate independent agriculture which enable yield boosting and sustainably intensify the sector, while recognizing the mandatory aspect of integrated agricultural systems for transformation of agriculture in Africa.
Abstract: In this paper, secondary data from review of literature were carried out on Google Scholar search and data were extracted from all selected studies and synthesized and empirical evidences from personal observations were presented so as to support findings from literature review. Since, higher productivity on farms, commercially orients farming, and...
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